Marianne Weber

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Marianne Weber

Marianne Weber (* August 2, 1870 as Marianne Schnitger in Oerlinghausen ( Principality of Lippe ), † March 12, 1954 in Heidelberg ) was a German women's rights activist and legal historian . She gave her first speech as a woman in the democratically newly elected parliament before the Baden constitutional national assembly in Karlsruhe on January 15, 1919. In 1926, she published an influential biography of her husband Max Weber .

life and work

Marianne Schnitger was the only daughter of the country doctor Eduard Schnitger and his wife Anna, née Weber, daughter of the linen manufacturer Carl David Weber . Her mother Anna died giving birth to her second daughter, and the child died shortly afterwards. After her mother's death in 1873, she moved with her father to his home town of Lemgo , where she later lived with grandmother and aunt.

From 1877 to 1886 she attended the Municipal School for Daughters in Lemgo (today's Marianne Weber Gymnasium ) and the Higher School for Daughters in Hanover until 1889. After her grandmother's death in 1889, she lived as a house daughter with relatives in Oerlinghausen. In 1891 and 1892 she spent some time in Berlin and began training as a draftswoman in 1892. In Berlin, she was in close contact with relatives of her late mother, Max and Helene Weber, the parents of her future husband. On September 20, 1893 she married Max Weber junior. at the age of 23 in Oerlinghausen. She then moved with him to her own apartment in Berlin. After moving to Freiburg im Breisgau in 1894, she began to get involved in the women's movement . From 1896 she studied philosophy and economics at the Albert Ludwig University of Freiburg . However, at that time women were not admitted to regular studies, so she studied with special permission as a guest student and was therefore able to attend lectures and seminars.

In 1897 Max Weber was offered a position at the University of Heidelberg , which resulted in a move. She continued her involvement in the women's movement in Heidelberg . Like her husband, Marianne Weber also began writing scientific texts. After her first book publication in 1900, Fichte's Socialism and his Relationship to Marxian Doctrine , her main work, Wife and Mother in Legal Development , appeared in 1907 . Max Weber, however, fell ill with severe depression for almost six years from 1898 and finally had to quit his university career. During this time Marianne and Max Weber traveled extensively within Europe from 1900 to 1903 and to the USA in 1904, when Max Weber had overcome his illness. At that time the emancipation of women in America had already advanced, which left a lasting impression on Marianne.

The equal rights of men and women were very important to Marianne Weber. In 1901 she joined the board of directors of the Bund Deutscher Frauenvereine (BDF), the umbrella organization of the bourgeois women's movement, and also founded a legal protection office for women, especially for maids and waitresses.

When her maternal grandfather died in July 1907, she inherited a considerable fortune. This enabled the couple to lead a financially carefree life. In the same year she gave a lecture in Strasbourg at the Evangelical Social Congress on "Sexual ethics and questions of principle".

In 1914, at the beginning of the First World War, she was involved in the Heidelberg “National Women's Service”.

In 1918 Marianne Weber co-founded the German Democratic Party , took an active part in the election campaign and in 1919 became a member of the state parliament of the Republic of Baden . She gave a speech at the first session of the state parliament. That was the first time that a woman spoke in the Baden state parliament. She gave up the mandate after the Weber couple moved to Munich on the occasion of Max Weber's appointment to the university there. In 1919 she was elected to the constitutional national assembly of Baden and became the first female secretary in a German parliament. From 1919 to 1923 she was the chairwoman of the Federation of German Women's Associations , replacing Alice Salomon , who was originally intended for this purpose and was ignored for fear of anti-Semitic propaganda. Weber was friends with Gertrud Bäumer , a leading representative of the bourgeois women's movement, and shared with her the ideal of ascetic love.

Grave site with sandstone stele by Max Weber and Marianne Weber on the Heidelberg Bergfriedhof in Department E

Shortly after the couple moved to Munich in 1919, their husband died there in 1920. Marianne Weber initially gave up all public offices and took care of the publication of his works. In 1921/1922 she published his main work Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft , which until her death included two z. Some of it was editorially revised new editions and until 1924 it was responsible for the collection of a large part of its widely dispersed publications in the seven-volume Gesammelte Aufsätze . In 1936 a collection of his youth letters followed. A subsequent planned publication of his travel letters from the 1890s was not realized. After returning to Heidelberg in 1921, she was in 1922 for its publishing activities honorary doctorate of the local university awarded.

Her influential biography Max Weber . She published a life picture in 1926. She was active as a scientist and author in Heidelberg until her death in 1954. She continued the private discussion group with Heidelberg scholars, which her husband had founded during his lifetime and in which her brother-in-law Alfred Weber was involved. She also looked after the four children of Max Weber's youngest sister Lili, for whom she assumed guardianship after their suicide in 1920 and whom she finally adopted in 1928. The own marriage had remained childless.

Honors

View of the Marianne-Weber-Gymnasium in Lemgo

Fonts

  • Fichte's socialism and its relationship to Marx's doctrine (= Economics Treatises of the Baden universities. 4, 3, ZDB -ID 504177-6 ). Mohr, Tübingen u. a. 1900.
  • Profession and marriage. The participation of women in science. 2 lectures. Help book publisher, Berlin-Schöneberg 1906.
  • Wife and mother in legal development. An introduction. Mohr, Tübingen 1907, archive.org .
  • Authority and Autonomy in Marriage. In: Logos , Volume 3, No. 1, 1912, ISSN  1614-2470 , pp. 103-114, ( digitized version ).
  • On the question of the evaluation of housewife work. In: The woman. Monthly magazine for the entire women's life of our time. Vol. 19, 1911/1912, ZDB -ID 213934-0 , pp. 389-399.
  • The woman and the objective culture. In: Logos. Vol. 4, No. 3, 1913, pp. 328-363, ( digitized ).
  • The new woman. In: Centralblatt des Bund Deutscher Frauenvereine. Vol. 15, 1914, ZDB -ID 537135-1 , pp. 154-156.
  • Marriage ideal and marriage law. In: Yearbook of the women's movement. Vol. 3, 1914, ZDB -ID 217782-1 , pp. 175-187.
  • The change in type of the student woman. In: The woman. Monthly magazine for the entire women's life of our time. Vol. 24, 1916/1917, pp. 514-530.
  • The formative forces of sexual life. In: The woman. Monthly magazine for the entire women's life of our time. Vol. 25, 1917/1918, pp. 119-130, 141-149, 191-193.
  • The special cultural tasks of women. In: The woman. Monthly magazine for the entire women's life of our time. Vol. 26, 1918/1919, pp. 107-113, 137-143.
  • Women's questions and thoughts. Collected Essays. Mohr, Tübingen 1919, ( digitized version ).
  • Max Weber. A picture of life. Mohr, Tübingen 1926 (several editions).
  • Women and love. Langewiesche, Königstein (Taunus) u. a. 1935.
  • Full life. Schneider, Heidelberg 1946.
  • Life memories. Storm, Bremen 1948.
  • Ways of friendship. Correspondence between Peter Wust and Marianne Weber 1927–1939. Edited by Walter Theodor Cleve. Kerle, Heidelberg 1951.
  • Women on the run. From the estate of Max and Marianne Weber published by the Marianne Weber Institute e. V. in Oerlinghausen. Aisthesis-Verlag, Bielefeld 2005, ISBN 3-89528-517-X .

literature

  • Anna Blos : Women in Swabia. Fifteen pictures of life . Silberburg, Stuttgart 1929, p. 169-186 ( wlb-stuttgart.de ).
  • The Marianne Weber Circle. Festival ceremony for Georg Poensgen on his 60th birthday on December 7, 1958. Kerle, Heidelberg 1958.
  • Guenther Roth : Marianne Weber and her circle. In: Marianne Weber: Max Weber. A picture of life (= Piper. 984). With an essay by Günther Roth. Piper, Munich a. a. 1989, ISBN 3-492-10984-5 , pp. IX-LXXII.
  • Ina Hochreuther: Women in Parliament. Southwest German MPs since 1919. On behalf of the Landtag, published by the State Center for Political Education. Theiss, Stuttgart 1992, ISBN 3-8062-1012-8 .
  • Manfred Hellmann: Max and Marianne Weber in Oerlinghausen. "This landscape is incredibly beautiful." In: Der Minden-Ravensberger. Vol. 68, 1996, ISSN  0947-2444 , pp. 102-104.
  • Christa Krüger: Max and Marianne Weber. Day and night views of a marriage. Pendo, Zurich a. a. 2001, ISBN 3-85842-423-4 .
  • Guenther Roth: Max Weber's German-English family history 1800–1950. With letters and documents. Mohr Siebeck, Tübingen 2001, ISBN 3-16-147557-7 .
  • Bärbel Meurer (Ed.): Marianne Weber. Contributions to work and person. Mohr Siebeck, Tübingen 2004, ISBN 3-16-148162-3 .
  • Konrad Exner : Marianne Weber. The first speaker in the Baden parliament. In: Badische Heimat. Vol. 85, No. 2, 2005, ISSN  0930-7001 , pp. 277-280.
  • Jürgen Hartmann: A failed honorary citizenship. Oerlinghausen and Marianne Weber. In: Rosenland. Journal of Lippe History. No. 4, 2006, pp. 26–28, rosenland-lippe.de (PDF; 1.05 MB).
  • Ilona Scheidle: “Those who are capable of self-responsibility are also called to do so”. The women's rights activist Marianne Weber (1870–1954). In: Ilona Scheidle: Heidelberg women who made history. Portraits of women from five centuries. Hugendubel, Kreuzlingen u. a. 2006, ISBN 3-7205-2850-2 , pp. 101-113.
  • Bärbel Meurer: Marianne Weber. Life and work. Mohr Siebeck, Tübingen 2010, ISBN 978-3-16-150452-5 .
  • Marianne Weber, Max Weber et al .: Who is afraid of Marianne Weber? e-enterprise, Lemgo 2015, ISBN 978-3-945059-19-7 .
  • Bärbel Meurer: Marianne Weber (1870–1954) - hostess of the Heidelberg Sunday Circle . In: Angela Borgstedt et al. (Ed.): Courage proven. Resistance biographies from the southwest, Stuttgart 2017 (= writings on political regional studies of Baden-Württemberg , 46), pp. 411–418, ISBN 978-3-945414378 .

Web links

Commons : Marianne Weber  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Franziska Dunkel, Paula Lutum-Lenger: questions of trust. The beginning of democracy in the Southwest 1918–1924. Catalog for the major state exhibition House of History Baden-Württemberg, Stuttgart, September 30, 2018 to August 11, 2019 . Stuttgart 2018, ISBN 978-3-933726-58-2 , pp. 62 .
  2. ^ Negotiations of the Baden state parliament. I. State Parliament period (January 15, 1919 to October 15, 1919) I. Session (January 15, 1919 to October 15, 1919): Minutes . No. 523 . Karlsruhe 1920, p. 9 ( blb-karlsruhe.de [accessed on April 13, 2019]).
  3. ↑ a b c d T Allert: Max and Marianne Weber. The companionship. In: H. Driver, K. Sauerland (Hrsg.): Heidelberg at the intersection of intellectual circles. VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, Wiesbaden 1995.
  4. ↑ a b c d e f Weber Marianne - detail page - LEO-BW. Retrieved December 12, 2019 .
  5. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k Anja Tamm, Mirjam Kronschnabel: August 2015. Accessed December 12, 2019 .
  6. ^ Bärbel Meurer: Marianne Weber. Life and work. Mohr Siebeck, Tübingen 2010, p. 54.
  7. ^ Marianne Weber: Max Weber. A picture of life. 3rd edition, unchanged reprint of the 1st edition in 1926, supplemented by registers and directories. Mohr, Tübingen 1984, ISBN 3-16-544820-5 , pp. 185 f.
  8. ↑ Marianne Weber: Memoirs. Storm, Bremen 1948, p. 82.
  9. ^ Bärbel Meurer: Marianne Weber. Life and work. Mohr Siebeck, Tübingen 2010, p. 399.
  10. ^ A b Jürgen Albers: Heidelberg Profile. University of Heidelberg. CVs of prominent Ruperto Carola alumni from different centuries. Brief portraits. In: uni-heidelberg.de. Retrieved April 5, 2016 .
  11. ↑ Marianne Weber: Memoirs. Storm, Bremen 1948, p. 127.
personal data
SURNAME Weber, Marianne
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Schnitger, Marianne
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German women's rights activist and legal historian
DATE OF BIRTH August 2, 1870
PLACE OF BIRTH Oerlinghausen
DATE OF DEATH March 12, 1954
Place of death Heidelberg