Viktor Emil von Gebsattel

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Viktor Emil Klemens Franz Freiherr von Gebsattel or Victor Emil Freihher von Gebsattel , short (also) Victor-Emil (Freiherr) von Gebsattel (born February 4, 1883 in Munich ; † March 22, 1976 in Bamberg ), was a medical doctor , psychiatrist, psychotherapist , Science journalist, philosopher and writer. He is considered a pioneer of anthropological medicine, psychotherapy and psychology and created the first German chair for medical psychology in Würzburg .

Life

Tomb of the von Gebsattel family, Bamberg main cemetery

Viktor Emil von Gebsattel came from the Franconian noble family Gebsattel and was the son of Konstantin Freiherr von Gebsattel (1854–1932) and his wife Marie, nee. Freiin Karg von Bebenburg (1860–1927; ⚭ 1882). He attended elementary school or the new grammar school in Bamberg and subsequently the humanistic grammar school. In Berlin, he first studied jurisprudence , but he soon changed the subject and the City: In Munich, he studied philosophy , psychology and art history . In Munich he received his doctorate in 1906 with the dissertation "On the psychology of emotional irradiation " ( irradiation = radiation: an effect that occurs when assessing objects of perception). His doctoral supervisor was the professor of philosophy Theodor Lipps .

Afterwards Gebsattel was initially a writer and translator. Numerous trips, especially to France, led to the acquaintance of artists such as Henri Matisse , Auguste Rodin and Rainer Maria Rilke (with whom he later became close friends). He was permanently connected to the arts and wrote poetry and prose himself.

In September 1911, Gebsattel took part on III. Congress of the "International Psychoanalytical Association" which took place in Weimar . Participants included CG Jung and Sigmund Freud , the founders of psychoanalysis . There the baron got to know the controversial and much sought-after 50-year-old writer and later psychoanalyst Lou Andreas-Salomé , who fascinated the young aristocrat and cast a spell over him.

In 1913, Gebsattel decided to study medicine. From 1915 to 1920 he was an assistant doctor in the Munich psychiatric clinic. There, with Emil Kraepelin , he completed his studies with a doctoral thesis on "Atypical forms of tuberculosis". After subsequent psychoanalytic training and psychiatric-neurological training in Munich, he moved to Berlin, where he opened a private psychiatric sanatorium in 1926.

Gebsattel, deeply rooted in the Catholic faith , was always caught in the tension between the principles of Catholic morality and the insights of psychoanalysis. During the era of the National Socialists he felt close to the Kreisau Circle .

After the Second World War, Gebsattel worked for a short time in a private practice in Überlingen, then as chief physician at the private psychiatric clinic "Schloss Hausbaden" near Badenweiler. At the University of Freiburg in 1947 he was given a teaching position for medical psychology and psychotherapy. In 1950, at the age of 67, he was appointed honorary professor with a teaching position for medical psychology and psychotherapy at the Julius Maximilians University in Würzburg and took over the temporary representation of the full professorship for psychiatry and neurology. He also gave lectures on medical psychology. In 1952 he had temporarily taken over the management of the Institute for Anthropology and Hereditary Biology , where he held the course in Anthropology and Human Heredity in the winter semester of 1952/1953 . At the end of 1953 he got a psychotherapist to work with. The establishment of the Würzburg Institute for Psychotherapy and Medical Psychology , the oldest institution of its kind in the German-speaking world, goes back to von Gebsattel's initiative. The original Chair for Hereditary Science and Race Research was renamed to the Chair for Medical Psychology and Psychotherapy in 1965 based on Gebsattels activity; In 1968 this was occupied by Dieter Wyss .

Until 1969, Gebsattel was a member of the board of directors of the Institute for Psychotherapy and Medical Psychology. Together with Gustav Kafka , he published the “ Yearbook for Psychology and Psychotherapy ” since 1952 , just as he was involved in several pioneering journals as an author and editor. He has written countless essays and several books.

Publications (selection)

  • On the psychology of feeling irradiation. Dissertation . In: Archives for Psychology. Volume 10, 1907.
  • Contribution to the understanding of atypical forms of tuberculosis. Dissertation. In: Ludolph Brauer (ed.): Contributions to the clinic of tuberculosis. Leipzig / Würzburg 1920.
  • In emotional distress. Letter from a doctor. (= Christian reflection. 26). Wuerzburg 1940.
  • From the Christian serenity. Letter from a doctor. (= Christian reflection. 35). Wuerzburg 1940.
  • Sigmund Freud and contemporary psychology. In: Medical Clinic. Volume 41, 1946.
  • Christianity and Humanism. Ways of human self-understanding. Stuttgart 1947.
  • Sex body and sex drive. Notes on an Anthropology of Sexual Life. In: Psyche. Volume 6, 1953.
  • Prolegomena of a medical anthropology. Selected essays. Springer, Berlin / Göttingen / Heidelberg 1954.
  • The human image of the healing of the soul. Three lectures on the critique of dynamic psychologism. 1957.
  • Thoughts on anthropological psychotherapy. In: VE Frankl, VE v. Gebsattel, JH Schultz (Ed.): Manual of the theory of neuroses and psychotherapy. Volume 3, Munich / Berlin 1959.
  • Imago hominis. Contributions to a personal anthropology. Schweinfurt 1964; Salzburg 1968.

literature

  • Beate Christiane Otte: Time in the tension between becoming and acting with Victor Emil Freiherr v. Gebsattel - On the psychological and ethical meaning of time. Dissertation. Frankfurt am Main 1996, ISBN 3-631-30214-2 .
  • Volkmar Sigusch : History of Sexology. Campus, Frankfurt am Main / New York 2008, ISBN 978-3-593-38575-4 , pp. 393-412, 479-484.
  • Volkmar Sigusch, Günter Grau (Ed.): Personal Lexicon of Sexual Research. Campus, Frankfurt am Main / New York 2009, ISBN 978-3-593-39049-9 , pp. 221-226.
  • Manfred Berger :  Viktor Emil von Gebsattel. In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). Volume 26, Bautz, Nordhausen 2006, ISBN 3-88309-354-8 , Sp. 443-457.  ( Article / beginning of article in Internet archive )
  • Josef Rattner : Viktor Emil von Gebsattel. In: J. Rattner: Classics of Psychoanalysis. 2nd Edition. Beltz - Psychologie VerlagsUnion, Weinheim 1995, ISBN 3-621-27276-3 , pp. 655–667.
  • E. Wiesenhütter (Ed.): Becoming and acting - commemorative publication for the 80th birthday of VE von Gebsattel . Hippocrates, Stuttgart 1963.
  • Dietrich von Engelhardt : Gebsattel, Victor-Emil von. In: Werner E. Gerabek , Bernhard D. Haage, Gundolf Keil , Wolfgang Wegner (eds.): Enzyklopädie Medizingeschichte. De Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2005, ISBN 3-11-015714-4 , p. 462 f.
  • Burkhard Schmidt, Karl-Ernst Bühler: Brief outline of the history of the Würzburg University Institute for Psychotherapy and Medical Psychology. In: Peter Baumgart (Ed.): Four hundred years of the University of Würzburg. A commemorative publication. Degener & Co. (Gerhard Gessner), Neustadt an der Aisch 1982 (= sources and contributions to the history of the University of Würzburg. Volume 6), ISBN 3-7686-9062-8 , pp. 927-933; here: pp. 927-929.

Web links

Remarks

  1. ↑ Tomb .
  2. ↑ Ute Felbor: Racial Biology and Hereditary Science in the Medical Faculty of the University of Würzburg 1937–1945. Königshausen & Neumann, Würzburg 1995, ISBN 3-88479-932-0 . At the same time: Dissertation Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg 1995, pp. 197–199.
  3. ↑ Andreas Mettenleiter : The "Neurosenkavalier" of blue blood. In: Main-Post.
  4. ↑ Ute Felbor: Racial Biology and Hereditary Science in the Medical Faculty of the University of Würzburg 1937–1945. 1995, pp. 196-199.
personal data
SURNAME Gebsattel, Viktor Emil von
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Gebsattel, Viktor Emil Klemens Franz Freiherr von (full name); Gebsattel, Victor Emil von
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German philosopher, psychiatrist, psychologist and physician
DATE OF BIRTH February 4, 1883
PLACE OF BIRTH Munich
DATE OF DEATH March 22, 1976
Place of death Bamberg