Medical psychology

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Medical Psychology is a standalone, application-oriented field of psychology , which in human medicine is anchored. Accordingly, the subject area is represented in research and teaching as well as in patient care at the medical faculties in terms of content, structure - as a department or institute for medical psychology - and personnel.

In Germany, medical psychology, like medical sociology, is a compulsory subject in the first section of medical studies in the license to practice medicine (ÄAppO) . The scientific specialist society for those working in medical psychology is the German Society for Medical Psychology (DGMP), founded in 1979 .

Medical psychological research

Medical psychology is an interdisciplinary subject. Their representatives can be at home in various sub-disciplines of psychology. What they have in common is that they explore the connections between psychological and medical issues. In doing so, they take into account psychosocial aspects of health and illness on the part of patients, relatives and various disease groups as well as on the part of medical staff.

Important topics in medical psychological research include:

With these and other topics, medical psychology affects all areas of medicine. Scientifically active medical psychologists are therefore often also members of other scientific medical or psychological specialist societies. Results of research in the field of medical psychology are presented, for example, at the annual congresses of the DGMP and in national (e.g. the journal for medical psychology ) and international journals.

Medical psychology teaching, advanced and advanced training

For doctors, medical psychological knowledge and skills represent a basic competence that should be applied in all clinical areas. That is why medical psychology was established in Germany with the ÄAppO 1970 as a basic subject in the first section of medical studies and in the first medical examination. The central subjects of this training are recorded in the subject catalog of the institute for medical and pharmaceutical examination questions . Medical psychology usually includes at least one lecture, one seminar and one course. In addition to teaching in the first section of the course, medical-psychological content is also taught in the cross-sectional subjects of the second section (e.g. medicine of aging and the elderly, prevention and health promotion, environmental medicine). Medical-psychological topics are also the subject of further and advanced medical training as well as in the training and further education of other medical and medical-related professions.

Medical psychology in health care

In health care, representatives of medical psychology are z. B. psychodiagnostically and psychotherapeutically active, for example, in the psychosocial care of somatically ill in the context of consulting / liaison services. Medical psychologists also offer psychosocial training and supervision of doctors and nursing staff in many places.

history

The country physicians Albert Mathias Vering (1773–1829) and Friedrich Christian Gottlieb Scheidemantel (1735–1796) also considered the passions as remedies to be among the first physicians who dealt scientifically with topics in medical psychology during the Enlightenment. .

Rudolf Hermann Lotzes (1817–1881) book "Medicinische Psychologie or Physiologie der Seele", published in 1852, is regarded as one of the pioneering works on medical psychology and psychosomatics. The first textbooks appeared at the beginning of the 20th century. In 1924 Paul Schilder wrote a textbook on “Medical Psychology for Doctors and Psychologists” . The best known was the textbook by Ernst Kretschmer , published in 1920 , which was continuously reissued until the 1970s (14th amendment and revised edition 1975). In 1925 medical students, among them Viktor E. Frankl and Maximilian Silbermann , founded the Academic Association for Medical Psychology in Vienna . In 1930, a 672-page “Concise Dictionary of Medical Psychology” by Karl Birnbaum was published , for which the psychiatrist and psychologist Erich Stern contributed, who, like Willy Hellpach (1877–1955), is one of the founding fathers of medical psychology.

The first German chair for medical psychology was created in 1954 by Viktor Emil Freiherr von Gebsattel in Würzburg . The Institute for Anthropology and Hereditary Biology , initially provisionally taken over by von Gebsattel in 1952 , originally a Chair for Hereditary Science and Race Research , was converted into the Chair for Medical Psychology and Psychotherapy in 1965 (after a second Chair for Anthropology and Hereditary Biology was created in 1962 ) .

In 1964, a psychology chair was established at a medical faculty in Düsseldorf for the first time in Germany ( Gustav A. Lienert ). Only in 1970 did the license to practice medicine introduce medical psychology as well as medical sociology and psychosomatic medicine and psychotherapy as compulsory subjects in medical studies. In 1971 a learning target committee was set up for the subject. In 1972 the first chair for medical psychology in the Federal Republic of Germany ( Dieter Beckmann ) was established in Giessen . In 1976 the first congress of medical psychology was held in Ulm. In 1979 the "Society for Medical Psychology" (today DGMP) was founded in Heidelberg. At the same time, in the same year, a "Working Group of University Lecturers for Medical Psychology in the GDR" was founded in the former GDR. Since 1980 the DGMP has been a member of the " Working Group of Scientific Medical Societies (AWMF)".

literature

  • G. Benetka (1995). Psychology in Vienna. Social and theoretical history of the Vienna Psychological Institute 1922-1938. Vienna: WUV University Press. ISBN 978-3-85114-156-6
  • Hendrik Berth , F. Balck, Elmar Brähler (2008). Medical Psychology from A to Z . Göttingen: Hogrefe-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-80171-789-6
  • Karl Birnbaum (1930). Concise dictionary of medical psychology. Leipzig: Georg Thieme Verlag.
  • K. Buser, T. Schneller, K. Wildgrube (2007). Short textbook Medical Psychology. Urban & Fischer Verlag. ISBN 978-3-43743-211-8
  • Hermann Faller, H. Lang (2010). Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology. Berlin: Springer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-64212-583-6
  • W.-D. Gerber, P. Kropp (2007). Textbook Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology. Stuttgart: Scientific publishing company. ISBN 978-3-80472-338-2
  • Gernot Huppmann: Theses on the subject of medical psychology. In: Gernot Huppmann, S. Fischbeck (ed.): Psychology in medicine. Würzburg 1992, pp. 1-5.
  • Gernot Huppmann, S. Fischbeck (2006). On the history of medical psychology , Würzburg: Königshausen & Neumann. ISBN 978-3-82603-318-6 [1]
  • E. Kasten, B. Sabel (2011). 1ÄP - Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology. Stuttgart: Thieme-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-13114-927-5
  • E. Kretschmer (1922). Medical psychology. A guide for study and practice. 2nd Edition. Leipzig: Georg Thieme Verlag.
  • HR Lotze (1852). Medicinal Psychology or Physiology of the Soul . Leipzig: Weidmann / 1966 Amsterdam: Bonset
  • HP Rosemeier (1991). Medical psychology and sociology. 4th edition. Stuttgart: Enke Verlag. ISBN 978-3-43288-154-6
  • P. Schilder (1924). Medical psychology for doctors and psychologists. Berlin: Published by Julius Springer
  • P. Schilder (1929). What real progress has medical psychology made since Lotze? , General Medical Journal for Psychotherapy and Mental Hygiene, 601–612
  • J. Schüler, F. Dietz (2004). Short textbook Medical Psychology. Stuttgart: Thieme-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-13136-421-0
  • Bernhard Strauss , U. Berger, Jv Troschke, E. Brähler (2004). Textbook Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology. Göttingen: Hogrefe Verlag. ISBN 978-3-80171-032-3

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Gernot Huppmann: Medical-psychological in the work of Albert Mathias Vering (1773-1829). In: Journal of Medical Psychology. Volume 7, 1998, pp. 87-96.
  2. ↑ Friedrich Christian Gottlieb Scheidemantel: The passions regarded as remedies. Hildburghausen 1787.
  3. ^ Gernot Huppmann: Friedrich Christian Gottlieb Scheidemantel (1735–1796): Country doctor and formerly medical psychologist. In: Würzburg medical history reports. Volume 18, 1999, pp. 19-32.
  4. ↑ Psychology and Medicine. A historical sketch (PDF; 53 kB) by Hans Hirnsperger and Gernot Sonneck
  5. ↑ See also Erich Stern: Psychology and Medicine. In: Münchner Medizinische Wochenschrift. Volume 72, 1925, p. 94 f.
  6. ↑ Gernot Huppmann, Reinhold Ahr: Erich Stern (1889-1959) and medical psychology: an ergobiographical sketch. In: Medical historical messages. Journal for the history of science and specialist prose research. Volume 34, 2015 (2016), pp. 137–155, here: p. 140, note 221, and p. 152 f.
  7. ↑ Ute Felbor: Racial Biology and Hereditary Science in the Medical Faculty of the University of Würzburg 1937–1945. Königshausen & Neumann, Würzburg 1995 (= Würzburg medical historical research. Supplement 3; also dissertation Würzburg 1995), ISBN 3-88479-932-0 , pp. 197-200.

Web links

Wikibooks: Elementary knowledge of medical psychology and medical sociology  - learning and teaching materials