Erich Stern

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Erich star (* 30th October 1889 in Berlin ; † 20th January 1959 in Zurich ) was a German psychiatrist , psychologist and educator , in particular through its publications on topics of psychosomatic medicine became known and as a clinical psychologist and the medical psychology deserves has made.

Life

School and education

Erich Stern was born in Berlin in 1889 as the son of the assimilated Jewish businessman Michael Stern and his wife Sophie, b. Neufeld, born. From 1900 to 1905 he attended the Königstädtische Real-Gymnasium in Berlin. After a year-long illness from pulmonary tuberculosis, he continued his education at the Berlin Andreas Gymnasium in 1906 , where he graduated from high school in 1909. In the winter semester of 1909/1910, Erich Stern enrolled in his hometown at the Philosophical Faculty of the Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität to study natural sciences and heard, among other things, mathematical lectures. In the summer semester of 1910 he studied mathematics and physics at the University of Lausanne to continue his scientific education . In the winter semester of 1910/1911, he was enrolled in the subject of electrical engineering at the Technical University of Karlsruhe , which included lectures in mathematics, physics, chemistry and mechanical engineering. From the summer semester of 1911, Stern studied at the German University of Strasbourg , where, in addition to chemistry, physics and mathematics, he also attended lectures on philosophy and psychology. In the winter semester of 1911/1912 he began studying human medicine in Strasbourg. During his medical studies he already published articles in renowned medical journals, including on pulmonary tuberculosis (in the spring of 1914, Stern did an internship in a lung sanatorium). In July 1914, at the beginning of the First World War , Stern joined the army as a volunteer and assistant doctor. As a junior doctor he worked in various hospitals. In 1915, the passing of the medical state examination, the license to practice medicine and carried Promotion Dr. med. in Strasbourg.

First medical activities

In the army service he was promoted to assistant doctor in 1915 and to senior doctor in 1917. After Stern had continued his studies at the Philosophical Faculty at his place of employment in Strasbourg in the winter semester of 1916/1917, he was promoted to Dr. phil. PhD under August Messer (1867–1937), a member of the Würzburg School , in Giessen . During 1917 and 1918, Stern continued his education at the Psychiatric and Nervous Clinic at Strasbourg University, where he worked in the psychopathological laboratory. In addition, he also worked at the University's Psychological Institute and in 1917 published his findings on experimental psychological examinations of brain injuries, which he had gained from working in the military-psychological investigation center. He also dealt with questions of aptitude psychology (for example in his essay Occupational Psychology and Tuberculosis Research from 1918) and continued with the subject of tuberculosis. After Strasbourg became French again after the end of the war, Stern had to leave the city and moved to Hamburg in 1918. There he met Käthe Braun (1893–1984) and married her in 1919. Their only child, Hilde, was born in 1920. From 1919 he was a permanent research assistant under William Stern at the Psychological Institute of the Psychiatric Clinic Hamburg-Friedrichsberg (State Hospital) , where he began to work as a volunteer doctor. At that time, Stern continued to research and publish primarily in the areas of intelligence research, occupational psychology and occupational aptitude and career counseling for brain injured people.

Professor in Germany

In 1920, Stern completed his habilitation with The Determination of Psychological Occupational Aptitude and School - Methodological Investigations (published in 1921), after his application for a habilitation in Hamburg had been rejected in 1919 , with his doctoral supervisor in Experimental Psychology and Experimental Pedagogy in Giessen Private lecturer for educational psychology at the University of Giessen. In the same year he moved with his family to Giessen and his Venia Legendi was expanded to include the entire field of philosophy and education. Starting with his monograph Applied Psychology (1921), especially the chapter Medicine and Psychology , he developed his Medical Psychology (a term that he himself only used once in 1953). In 1924 Stern became associate professor for philosophy and education in Giessen , but a recurrence of his pulmonary tuberculosis and a longer stay in a sanatorium limited his activities until 1925. In 1927 he became a lecturer at the Pedagogical Institute in Mainz , a branch of the University of Darmstadt, headed by Erich Feldmann since 1925 , and from 1929 head of the Institute for Psychology, Youth Studies and Curative Education, which was newly established in Mainz. In Mainz he also ran a small psychiatric practice. In the summer semester of 1927 he had a "catarrhal lung disease" to recover in Locarno. As a well-known representative of medical psychology, he wrote a few articles as a collaborator for the first concise dictionary of this subject published by Birnbaum in 1930 and for the Encyclopedia Manual of Curative Education published in 1934 .

"Third Reich", Switzerland, France and Switzerland

In 1933 , Erich Stern was forced to retire, due to his Jewish origins in accordance with Section 4 of the “ Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service ”. His institute was closed and patients stayed away from his practice. In the same year he emigrated with his family to Switzerland and Stern began working at the Institute for High Mountain Physiology and Tuberculosis Research in Davos . At the end of 1933 the family moved to Paris and Erich Stern worked there initially underpaid and from 1934 to 1940 as an assistant ( Assistant étranger ) at the Clinique de neuro-psychiatrie infantile of the Sorbonne , where he also held consultation hours for children with intelligence and behavioral disorders . During this time, Stern was also involved in a Jewish dispensary with the care of Jewish emigrants, which he reported for the first time in 1937.

In 1938, the Sterns received French citizenship. After German troops had crossed the French border in 1940 and southern France was occupied by the Germans, Erich Stern and his wife moved to Clairvivre in 1941 , a settlement for people with chronic lung disease in southern France. As a formerly naturalized French, the Stern couple, at the instigation of the German National Socialists, were revoked their French citizenship in 1943, which made them stateless Jews. Fearing arrest, Stern allowed himself to be admitted to the Clairvivre sanatorium, which had been spared by German troops. The arrival of the Allies in France ended the danger in 1944. In Clairvire, Stern worked as a sanatorium doctor in 1946. In 1948, Stern returned to Paris and became an attaché at the Center national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS). From 1950 to 1955 he worked at the Sorbonne in Paris at his former place of work, the neuropsychiatric children's clinic of the university, and from 1950 to 1956 he was at the CNRS Chargé de Recherches . In 1957 he and his wife moved to Kilchberg for health reasons , where Thomas Mann died in 1955 and his wife lived until 1980 near Zurich. Erich Stern died in 1959.

Fonts (selection)

  • About the effect of the high mountain climate on the pulse rate. In: Berliner Klinische Wochenschrift. Volume 50, 1913, pp. 720-723.
  • Contributions to the early diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis. In: Berliner Klinische Wochenschrift. Volume 51, 1914, pp. 1419-1421.
  • On the question of the disposition to pulmonary tuberculosis. In: Journal of Tuberculosis. Volume 22, 1914, pp. 556-567.
  • On statistics and the fight against tuberculosis in childhood with special attention to Alsace-Lorraine. Medical dissertation Strasbourg 1915.
  • Contributions to the psychology of valuation with special consideration of the influence of the stage of realization on the phenomenology of the valuation experience and the problem of the ranking of values. Philosophical dissertation Giessen, Strasbourg 1917.
  • Adolescent Psychology. Shepherd, Breslau 1923.
    • Adolescent Psychology. An introduction to the psychology of development from birth to the end of puberty. 4th, completely revised and revised edition. Hippocrates, Stuttgart 1950.
  • Contribution to the psychology of the lung patient. The impression of the diagnosis “pulmonary tuberculosis” on the patient. In: German Medical Weekly. Volume 51, 1925, pp. 1146-1149.
  • The psyche of the lung patient. The influence of pulmonary tuberculosis and sanatorium life on the soul of the sick. Halle on the Saale in 1925.
  • Illness as an object of poetic representation. In: The literature. Volume 28, 1925/1926, pp. 702-707.
  • On the question of psychotherapy in the lung sanatorium. In: General medical journal for psychotherapy and mental hygiene. Volume 2, 1929, pp. 299-314.
  • Mental disorders and difficult to educate children and adolescents. Shepherd, Breslau 1932.
  • Psychology of dying. In: The look around. Volume 37, 1933, pp. 21-24.
  • as editors with Adolf Dannemann , Georg Gnerlich, August Hentze, E. Meltzer , H. Schoberl: Enzyklopädisches Handbuch der Heilpädagogik. 2 volumes, Halle an der Saale 1934.
  • Emigration as a psychological problem. Self-published, Boulogne-sur-Seine 1937; Printed in: Uwe Wolfradt, Elfriede Billmann-Mahecha, Armin Stock (Eds.): German-speaking psychologists 1933–1945. An encyclopedia of persons, supplemented by a text by Erich Stern. Wiesbaden 2015, pp. 503–551.
  • La psychologie de la mort. In: Folia Psychiatrica Neurologica et Neurochirurgia Neerlandica. Volume 52, 1949, pp. 227-246.
  • The problem of the specificity of the type de la personnalité e des conflites des tuberculeux. In: Le poumon. Volume 8, 1952, pp. 107-119.
  • Experimental personality analysis using the Murray test (TAT). Description, application, interpretation and diagnostic significance. Rascher, Zurich 1952.
  • Life conflicts as causes of illness. An introduction to psychosomatic medicine. Rascher, Zurich 1952.
  • On the question of “lay psychotherapy”. In: Journal of Psychotherapy and Medical Psychotherapy. Volume 3, 1953, pp. 146-158.
  • The psyche of the lung patient. Clinical-psychological and socio-psychological investigations into the influence of pulmonary tuberculosis and sanatorium life on the patient's psyche. 2nd Edition. Berlin 1954.
  • as editor and contributing author: The tests in clinical psychology. Zurich 1954.
  • The unmarried. Enke, Stuttgart 1957.
  • Doctor and patient in the present. Munich 1958.
  • Psychotherapy, medicine and psychology. In: Studium Generale. Volume 13, 1960, pp. 109-116.

literature

  • Klaus-Peter Horn : Educational Science in Germany in the 20th Century. To develop the social and professional structure of the discipline from initial institutionalization to expansion . Julius Klinghardt, Bad Heilbrunn 2003, ISBN 3-7815-1271-1 , p. 351 f.
  • Michael Putzke, Elmar Brähler : Erich Stern and the specificity debate. In: Adolf-Ernst Meyer, Ulrich Lamparter (Ed.): Pioneers of Psychosomatics. Contributions to the history of the development of holistic medicine. Asanger, Heidelberg 1994.
  • Michael Putzke, Elmar Brähler: Erich Stern - A pioneer of psychosomatics forgotten in exile. In: Adolf-Ernst Meyer, Ulrich Lamparter (Ed.): Pioneers of Psychosomatics. Asanger, Heidelberg 1994.
  • Michael Putzke: Erich Stern. His life and his psychosomatic thinking. Medical dissertation Leipzig 1997.
  • Gernot Huppmann, Reinhold Ahr: Erich Stern (1889–1959) and medical psychology: an ergobiographical sketch. In: Medical historical messages. Journal for the history of science and specialist prose research. Volume 34, 2015 (2016), pp. 137–155.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ NDB .
  2. ↑ Gernot Huppmann, Reinhold Ahr: Erich Stern (1889-1959) and medical psychology: an ergobiographical sketch. 2015, p. 137 f.
  3. ↑ Michael Putzke: Erich Stern. His life and his psychosomatic thinking. 1997, pp. 19-35.
  4. ↑ Michael Putzke: Erich Stern. His life and his psychosomatic thinking. 1997, pp. 34-36.
  5. ↑ Reinhold Ahr: The medical-psychological work of Erich Stern. Medical dissertation Mainz 1989, pp. 112-116.
  6. ↑ See for example Erich Stern: The importance of occupational psychological research for psychiatry. In: Annual courses for advanced medical training. Volume 10, 1919, pp. 35-37.
  7. ↑ Gernot Huppmann, Reinhold Ahr: Erich Stern (1889-1959) and medical psychology: an ergobiographical sketch. 2015, pp. 138–140.
  8. ↑ Michael Putzke: Erich Stern. His life and his psychosomatic thinking. 1997, p. 51.
  9. ↑ Reinhold Ahr: The medical-psychological work of Erich Stern. 1989, p. 12.
  10. ↑ Erich Stern: On the question of "lay psychotherapy". In: Journal of Psychotherapy and Medical Psychology. Volume 3, 1953, pp. 146-158.
  11. ↑ Reinhold Ahr: The medical-psychological work of Erich Stern. Medical dissertation Mainz 1989, p. 25.
  12. ↑ Erich Stern: doctor , physically ill (psychology) and milieu . In: Karl Birnbaum (Hrsg.): Concise dictionary of medical psychology. Leipzig 1930, pp. 42–44, 295–304 and 323–337.
  13. ↑ Gernot Huppmann, Reinhold Ahr: Erich Stern (1889-1959) and medical psychology: an ergobiographical sketch. 2015 (2016), pp. 140–143 and 152.
  14. ↑ Erich Stern: Empathy , Illness Experience , Organic Illness , Psychotherapy , Dying and Death . In: Adolf Dannemann, Georg Gnerlich, August Hentze, E. Meltzer , H. Schoberl, Erich Stern (eds.): Enzyklopädisches Handbuch der Heilpädagogik. 2 volumes, Halle an der Saale 1934.
  15. ↑ Reinhold Ahr: The medical-psychological work of Erich Stern. Medical dissertation Mainz 1989, p. 15.
  16. ↑ a b c d e f Gernot Huppmann, Reinhold Ahr: Erich Stern (1889–1959) and medical psychology: an ergobiographical sketch. 2015 (2016), pp. 144–146.
  17. ↑ Erich Stern: Emigration as a psychological problem. Self-published, 1937; Printed in: Uwe Wolfradt, Elfriede Billmann-Mahecha, Armin Stock (eds.): German-speaking psychologists 1933–1945. An encyclopedia of persons, supplemented by a text by Erich Stern. Wiesbaden 2015, pp. 503–551.
  18. ↑ See also Erich Stern: Comments on Thomas Mann's “Magic Mountain”. In: Medical Clinic. Volume 21, 1925, pp. 254-257.
personal data
SURNAME Stern, Erich
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German psychiatrist, psychologist and educator
DATE OF BIRTH October 30, 1889
PLACE OF BIRTH Berlin
DATE OF DEATH 20th January 1959
Place of death Zurich