St. Peter (Mainz)
With its rich rococo interior, the Catholic Church of St. Peter is one of the most important baroque buildings in Mainz . It was originally the collegiate church of St. Peter Outside the Walls, which has existed since the 10th century, and is consecrated as the patron saint of the Apostle Peter . Today she serves the parish of St. Peter / St. Emmeran as a parish church ( see : → St. Emmeran (Mainz) ).
History of the pen
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The monastery was built in 944 by Archbishop Friedrich (937–954) north of the city wall (roughly where the 117er Ehrenhof is today ⊙ ). Pens were also important administrative units on which the archbishop relied. Their heads, the provosts , each headed an archdeaconate .
The monastery at the gates of the city was completely destroyed in the Thirty Years War in 1631 when the Swedes invaded. Archbishop Johann Philipp von Schönborn refrained from rebuilding. The monastery community had no buildings of its own for over a century. Archbishop Johann Friedrich Karl von Ostein did not decide to rebuild it until 1749 . The monastery was rebuilt elsewhere, where its buildings still stand today, not far from the St. Gangolf Castle Church , which later went under in the Napoleonic era . At this point there was previously a Romanesque church, the so-called Odenmünster or St. Mari unterm Münster . This medieval church has not been used since 1724 and was demolished for the new building, which took place from 1749 to 1756/57 and can be seen in the context of the upgrading of the Bleichenviertel .
With the secularization , the monastery was abolished on July 4, 1802.
church
The current building of the Peterskirche is a baroque hall building (three bays) with a double tower facade by the architect Johann Valentin Thoman , which he built from 1749 to 1756. The church was still being completed by 1762. The church, consecrated in 1757, was a collegiate church for only 45 years due to the secularization of 1802. Under French occupation, the church was a horse stable in 1813, in 1814 it became a garrison church for the Prussian garrison parts , which it remained until 1918. Then it became a parish church.
St. Peter survived the first major air raid on Mainz in August 1942, during which, among other things, the Christophskirche was destroyed. The second heavy attack on Mainz in the autumn of 1944 had significantly worse effects. The south tower was hit by an explosive device and fell onto the central nave, knocking a large hole in the vault. The north tower, the choir and large parts of the central nave were undamaged.
On February 27, 1945, Mainz was almost completely destroyed by incendiary bombs during air raids . Peterskirche lost its tower facade and the nave burned out. By 1952, the church was makeshift so that it could be used by the community. Reconstruction began in 1959, and in 1961 the twin towers were faithfully restored. From 1973 to 1989 the church was practically constantly renovated. Karl Manninger reconstructed the ceiling frescoes with the help of color photographs that Paul Wolff had made in 1943/44.
Much of the church's furnishings have been irretrievably lost in the original, including the organ , the ceiling frescoes by Giuseppe Appiani and the choir stalls . The large baroque altars, the stucco decoration and the most valuable preserved piece of equipment, the large pulpit of Johannes Förster , were not destroyed .
Pastor Franz Adam Landvogt (1889–1953), who is very revered in Mainz, is buried in a side chapel of the church .
organ
An organ was built in 1755–56 by the organ builder Joseph Anton Boos. Around 1860 she had the following disposition :
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In 1930 the organ was rebuilt by Johannes Klais Orgelbau .
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The organ was destroyed in the bombing raid on Mainz on February 27, 1945.
The new organ was installed in St. Peter in 1986. Before that she stood in the Carmelite Church (Augustinuskerk) in Nijmegen (Netherlands). The instrument was built in 1954 by the Dutch company Verschueren Orgelbouw and purchased in 1984. The Heinz Wilbrand company built a new case with a nine-axis prospectus in the style of neoclassicism and added a sub-positive. Since then, the instrument has over 40 registers , which are divided into three manuals and pedal . The Spieltrakturen are mechanically, the Registertrakturen electrically. The huge prospectus was decorated in baroque style for Mainz.
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- Coupling: II / I, III / I, III / II, I / P, II / P, III / P
Bells
All church bells are housed in the south tower and hang in the steel bell cage from 1960/1962. The big Savior's bell again has a wooden yoke. Before the Second World War, it hung alone in the south tower, which was hit by an explosive bomb in 1944. The bell survived the fall almost unscathed. The other three bells, whose names and pitches served as a model for the new one, hung in the north tower and fell victim to the flames on February 27, 1945.
The measuring bell from the old Petersstift, which was certainly tuned higher than the Elisabeth bell , hung until 1945 in the roof turret on the nave, which was not reconstructed after the war.
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No. |
Surname |
Casting year |
Foundry, casting location |
Mass (kg) |
Percussive ( HT - 1 / 16 ) |
| 1 | Saviour | 1757 | Johann Peter Bach , Windecken | 3550 | a 0 +4 |
| 2 | Ave Maria | 1960 | Petit & Gebr. Edelbrock , Gescher | 2420 | c 1 +6 |
| 3 | Peter & Paul | 1962 | Petit & Gebr. Edelbrock, Gescher | 1658 | d 1 +6 |
| 4th | Franz Xaver | 1960 | Petit & Gebr. Edelbrock, Gescher | 1136 | e 1 +6 |
| 5 | Elisabeth ( angelus bell ) | 1961 | Petit & Gebr. Edelbrock, Gescher | 190 | d 2 +8 |
Newer works
More recently a modern altar by the artist Gernot Rumpf has been added. This refers to the fisherman of men Peter with a net. Fish romp around here, and if you look closely, they turn out to be people - even a specimen with a fool's cap is among them. The same artist also created the ambo and the Easter candlestick. On the 50th anniversary of the death of Pastor Franz Adam Landvogt, who was pastor in St. Peter, a bronze sculpture by Karlheinz Oswald was placed in the Landvogt's crypt in October 2003 .
Batzekuche
The Batzekuche is a round, thick cake made of yeast dough that has been distributed in the parish of St. Peter on the ninth day after Corpus Christi, the so-called Sacred Heart Festival , since the beginning of the 19th century . According to the Mainz dictionary, the origin of the name Batzekuche does not go back to the coin Batzen , but to the original meaning of the word Batzen as a thick lump . The term `` coin '' arose from this, as the lump coins were minted thicker than the otherwise common thin-sheet coins.
It was originally intended for the children who take part in the festival procession. This is a tradition that is unique in Germany and is limited exclusively to the parish. The tradition of distributing the Batzekuche goes back to the local Sacred Heart Brotherhood, which moved into the community in 1802. The cake was distributed for the first time around 1818. The children received it for their services as flag and flower bearers for the Sacred Heart Festival. While the tradition was upheld in the 19th and 20th centuries with great participation and great effort, the community has not celebrated the festival as extensively since the Second World War , but it still takes place and the cake is still served.
The Mainz Batzekuche also follows the tradition of donating white bread at church festivals. A well-known example are the annual St. Martin's Parades , which are still celebrated today , in which the participating children receive different baked goods depending on the region. The custom also exists for the participating priesthood. For example, every clergyman from Mainz who took part in the procession along the Emausweg in the Mainz garden field at the time received a measure of wine and a cake.
literature
- Wilhelm Jung : St. Peter in Mainz. Formerly collegiate and parish church . 2nd Edition. Mainz 1991
- Dehio manual : Rhineland-Rfalz / Saarland 1972; Pp. 512-513.
- Wilhelm Klepper: The St. Peters Church in Mainz . Falk, Mainz 1874. Digitized
Web links
- Homepage of the parish of St. Peter - St. Emmeran
- St. Peter on the page "Monasteries and monasteries in Rhineland-Palatinate - on the way to a Rhineland-Palatinate monastery lexicon"
Individual evidence
- ^ Franz Werner : The cathedral of Mainz and its monuments . 1827.
- ^ Christiane Reves: Building blocks for the history of the city of Mainz: Mainz Colloquium 2000 . Franz Steiner Verlag, Volume 55 2002, ISBN 978-3-515-08176-4 , pp. 142 .
- ^ Christian Binz: The organist and organ maker Joseph Anton Boos (1727–1804) , In: Acta Organologica . Volume 34, 2015, pp. 25ff.
- ↑ More information about the organ on the website of the parish. There is also the disposition
- ↑ Bernd Funke: The queen has to go to the cure: the organ of the Peterskirche whistles from the last hole in the Mainzer Allgemeine Zeitung of August 5, 2013.
- ↑ Christoph Feußner / Anja Schreiber: Flehlappe, Käsbrot and Batzekuche - pilgrimages and places of worship in the city of Mainz . Episcopal Ordinariate Mainz, Mainz 2000, ISBN 978-3980549646 .
- ↑ Making faith palatable Allgemeine Zeitung (Mainz) of June 2, 2016
- ^ Karl Schramm : Mainz dictionary . Verlag Hermann Schmidt, Mainz 2003, ISBN 3-87439-651-7 , p. 54.
Coordinates: 50 ° 0 ′ 17 ″ N , 8 ° 16 ′ 12 ″ E