St. Gangolf (Mainz)

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The episcopal chancellery with the St. Gangolfs collegiate church, lithograph by Dionis Wasserburg

The collegiate monastery St. Gangolf was built in the early Middle Ages after the Normans had overcome the incursions in the northern part of the walled area of ​​the city of Mainz , near the confluence of the Zeybach into the Rhine .

The Mainz cathedral provost Theoderich , later Archbishop of Trier, founder of the monastery, was first documented as provost of Mainz in a certificate from Otto I of May 29, 961 . Otto I. transferred goods in the Nahegau to him , which until then belonged to Messrs Lantbert, Megingoz and Reginzo, including Kirn and Bergen . He used this donation privately to equip the St. Gangolf Abbey . The church and the monastery buildings were built for 12 canons.

The monastery, which is under the patronage of St. Gangolf , was privately owned by the respective bishop of Trier until the High Middle Ages . The cult of St. Gangolf led to the establishment of a Gangolf church in Trier as early as 958 , where Theodoric was previously dean of the cathedral church. Theoderich died on June 5th, 977, according to other sources on June 12th, 977 in Mainz and was buried in St. Gangolf.

In 1570 the monastery became the property of the Archbishop of Mainz Daniel Brendel von Homburg , who had it expanded from 1575 to 1581 by the Mainz cathedral master builder Georg Robin in the Renaissance style into the castle chapel of the Martinsburg fortress, which was built from 1478 to 1481 . It was designed as a three-aisled hall church with a gallery and high tracery windows. The so-called Brendel choir stalls, which were originally built into the church and richly decorated with carvings, have been integrated into the east choir of the Mainz Cathedral .

It is documented that the dean of St. Gangolf had held the office of ordinary conservator of the Teutonic Order privileges for the entire German Empire since 1436 . This could be one reason for the choice of the building site for the Deutschhaus, built in 1730 . The St. Gangolf Church was badly damaged during the siege of Mainz (1793) by bombardment by the coalitionists and, therefore, later, like the episcopal chancellery connected to it, became a victim of French urban planning in the Bleichenviertel .

During renovation work on the Deutschhaus in 2017, diverse archaeological finds from different historical epochs of Mainz were made. The course of the Roman city wall from the middle of the 3rd century in this area could be verified for the first time, a valuable Byzantine gold coin of the emperor Herakleios was found and the remains of the former church of St. Gangolf could be excavated.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Franz Staab : Mainz from the 5th century until the death of Archbishop Willigis (407-1011). , P. 99 in: Franz Dumont (Ed.), Ferdinand Scherf, Friedrich Schütz: Mainz - The history of the city.
  2. ↑ Winfried Dotzauer: History of the Nahe-Hunsrück area from the beginnings to the French Revolution , Franz Steiner Verlag, Stuttgart 2001, p. 99.
  3. ↑ Collegiate monastery St. Gangolf (castle chapel); Source: Karl Johann Brilmayer .
  4. ↑ Carla Del Zotto: Rosvita: la poetessa degli imperatori sassoni , Volume 22 of Donne d'Oriente e d'Occidente Editoriale Jaca Book, 2009, ISBN 881643522-4 , p. 56.
  5. ↑ Petrus Becker: The Benedictine Abbey of St. Eucharius-St. Matthias before Trier in dioceses of the church province of Trier , Volume 8 by Ferdinand Pauly : The Archdiocese of Trier Walter de Gruyter, 1996, ISBN 3-11-015023-9 .
  6. ↑ Robin, Georg . In: Rudolf Vierhaus (Ed.): German Biographical Encyclopedia (DBE) . 2., revised. and extended edition. tape 8 : Poethen – Schlueter . De Gruyter / KG Saur, Berlin / Boston / Munich 2007, ISBN 978-3-11-094025-1 , p. 459 ( books.google.de - limited preview).
  7. ^ Georg Dehio : Handbook of German Art Monuments , Volume 4.
  8. ↑ Engelbert Kirschbaum : German Post-Gothic. A contribution to the history of church architecture from 1550–1800 , Dr. Benno Filser, Augsburg 1929; Dissertation.
  9. ↑ ( Page no longer available , search in web archives: Stabsstelle Dombibliografie - Diocese Mainz ) (PDF; 2.7 MB) ID2681 Bibliographical description in the cathedral and diocesan archive.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / downloads.bistummainz.de
  10. ↑ Sybe Wartena: The South German Choir Stalls from the Renaissance to Classicism (PDF; 6.2 MB), dissertation at the Philosophical Faculty of the Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich 2008, p. 84.
  11. ↑ Brendel's choir stalls pictures.
  12. ↑ Jörg Seiler: The German Order in Frankfurt: Shape and Function of a Spiritual-Knightly Institution in its Imperial Public Environment Volume 61 of Sources and Studies on the History of the German Order, Elwert, 2003, ISBN 3-77081233-6 , p. 84.
  13. ^ Joachim Glatz: Urban planning, architecture and art in the 19th and 20th centuries , p. 1137; in: Franz Dumont (ed.), Ferdinand Scherf, Friedrich Schütz: Mainz - The history of the city.

Coordinates: 50 ° 0 ′ 21.7 ″  N , 8 ° 16 ′ 16.2 ″  E