Therese of Lisieux

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St. Therese of Lisieux (1894)

Thérèse von Lisieux (born January 2, 1873 in Alençon , France , † September 30, 1897 in Lisieux , France), religious name Thérèse de l'Enfant Jésus et de la Sainte Face (Theresia of the Child Jesus and the Holy Face) , was one French Discalced Carmelite . She is venerated in the Roman Catholic Church as a saint and doctor of the church . Her parents Zélie and Louis Martin were also canonized in 2015, and the process of beatification was opened for her sister Léonie in the same year .

Life

Therese at the age of 15, shortly before she entered the Carmel

Thérèse was born as Marie-Françoise-Thérèse Martin, the youngest of nine children of Zélie and Louis Martin. At the age of fifteen she wanted to join Carmel with the support of her family , but her applications for admission were rejected several times, on the one hand because of her young age and on the other because several of Thérèses' biological sisters were already living in the convent of Lisieux. It was only after Bishop Hugonin of Bayeux had granted a dispensation that she followed her sisters Pauline and Marie to the Carmel of Lisieux. As a religious name she chose Thérèse de l'enfant Jesus (Therese of the Child Jesus ), on January 10, 1889 Therese added the attribute et de la Sainte Face (“and of the Holy Face”). On June 9, 1895, at the Holy Mass for the Feast of Trinity , she dedicated herself "to the merciful love of God".

Thérèse saw her way of life as a way of devotion to God and fellow human beings, who express themselves in the small gestures of everyday life (her so-called “little way” of love). She lived her own life as a religious in a strict enclosure . After her death, her reputation as saints spread because people ascribed her answers to intercessory prayers .

Her life story, which she wrote down on the orders of her prioress , was published under the title L'histoire d'une âme (“History of a Soul”) two years after her death. In 1897 Thérèse died of tuberculosis .

Adoration

Sainte-Thérèse basilica in Lisieux

Thérèse von Liseux was already beatified in 1923 and on May 17, 1925 by Pope Pius XI. canonized . Pope Pius XI she declared on December 14, 1927 next to St. Franz Xaver also the patroness of world missions . The Catholic Church celebrates its Memorial Day on October 1st . On October 19, 1997, Therese von Lisieux was elevated to the position of Doctor of the Church by Pope John Paul II, along with Catherine of Siena and Teresa of Ávila . To distinguish it from Teresa of Ávila, she is sometimes referred to in the Roman Catholic Church as "little Saint Theresa".

The St. Therese Basilica Sainte-Thérèse in Lisieux is the destination of numerous pilgrims every year , in 2014 there were around 635,000. Since the 1990s, a reliquary of little St. Theresa has been on a trip around the world to give people who are unable to travel to Lisieux the opportunity to worship.

On October 19, 2008 her parents Louis and Zélie Martin were welcomed in the Basilica of St. Therese was beatified in Lisieux and canonized by Pope Francis on October 19, 2015 in Rome .

Therese von Lisieux considered mercy to be the quality of God that corresponds to human poverty. Their desire to love even sinners would thus be fulfilled by God.

The German theologian Andreas Wollbold sees in Therese von Liseux a highly gifted, bold woman who was ahead of her time. That is why she has been misunderstood again and again, as if she had developed another doctrine: “It is said of her that instead of the image of the righteous God she put that of the merciful father, instead of performance, blind trust, instead of Sin, repentance and striving for perfection is simply allowing oneself to be loved. If that were so, quietism would have risen again with it , a powerful stream of mysticism without asceticism and effort that was widespread towards the end of the 17th century. ”According to Wollbold, it rather gave spirituality a new center with trust and love.

In his book Patience with God, the Czech theologian Tomáš Halík highlights the emptiness that Thérèse experienced shortly before her death: "I no longer believe in eternal life: it seems to me that nothing follows this mortal life". Halík relates this to Jesus' cry on the cross “why did you leave me?”. Thérèse had lost her faith in the face of death, only her ability to love remained until the end.

Patronage

In Vienna is her consecrated parish and pilgrimage church of St. Theresa of the Child Jesus , in Innsbruck Theresienkirche , in Berlin the Church Saint Therese of the Child Jesus , in Hamburg-Altona St. Theresa Church in Stuttgart-Weilimdorf the Saint Theresia of the Child Jesus , in Friesenberg St. Theresia and in Mannheim-Pfingstberg St. Theresia . In Bruckberg (Lower Bavaria) there is the Catholic day care center St. Theresia of the Child Jesus. In Erlangen there is the Catholic parish church of St. Theresia in the Sieglitzhof district , and in Ahlten there is another church consecrated to the saints. The Church of St. Joseph and St. Theresa of the Child Jesus in Weferlingen is also subject to the patronage of St. Therese. In 1994 the church and parish center of St. Therese were consecrated in Kaiserslautern .

The Albanian missionary Anjezë Gonxha Bojaxhiu was given the religious name Mary Teresa after little Saint Therese for her clothing in 1929 and later became known under the name "Mother Teresa".

The churches of St. Theresia of the Child Jesus (Bornum) , St. Theresia of the Child Jesus (Cremlingen) and St. Theresia of the Child Jesus (Eschede) , all located in the Diocese of Hildesheim , were profaned .

Works

  • Autobiographical writings. 15th edition. Johannes-Verlag Einsiedeln, Freiburg 2003, ISBN 978-3-89411-280-6 .
  • I go into life. Last conversations of the Saints of Lisieux. 5th edition. Johannes Verlag Leutesdorf, Leutesdorf 1998, ISBN 3-7794-0718-3 .
  • Therese von Lisieux (= series of mystics ). Edited by Andreas Wollbold. marix, Wiesbaden 2016, ISBN 978-3-7374-1013-7 .

Cinematic reception

Therese's life has been filmed several times:

  • Story of a soul . Original: Procès au Vatican (1951). With France Descaut, directed by André Haguet.
  • Thérèse (1986). With Catherine Mouchet , directed by Alain Cavalier . The film won several Césars in 1987 , including Best Picture .
  • Thérèse: The Story of Saint Thérèse of Lisieux (2004). With Lindsay Younce, directed by Leonardo Defilippis.

literature

  • Hans Urs von Balthasar : Therese von Lisieux. History of a broadcast. Hegner, Cologne 1950.
  • Hans Urs von Balthasar: Sisters in the Spirit. Therese of Lisieux and Elisabeth of Dijon. 4th edition. Johannes-Verlag, Einsiedeln 1990, ISBN 3-89411-027-9 .
  • Bernard Bonnejean: La poésie thérésienne. Édition du Cerf, Paris 2006, ISBN 2-204-07785-2 (on the lyric work).
  • Sylvain Destrempes: Thérèse de Lisieux and Dietrich Bonhoeffer. Kénose et altérité (= Cogitatio fidei. Volume 224). Edition Médiaspaul u. a., Montréal u. a. 2002, ISBN 2-89420-509-0 .
  • Laurenz Joseph Emonds : Boldness of the Heart. Saint Theresa of Lisieux. Lambert Schneider, Heidelberg 1949.
  • Ida Friederike Görres : Thérèse von Lisieux. A picture of life. Edited and introduced by Hanna-Barbara Gerl-Falkovitz . Herder, Freiburg im Breisgau a. a. 1998, ISBN 3-451-26589-3 (formerly under the titles: Ida Friederike Görres: Das Verborgene Antlitz. Herder, Freiburg im Breisgau 1946 and Das Senfkorn von Lisieux. Herder, Freiburg im Breisgau 1958).
  • Ernst Gutting : Therese von Lisieux. A word of God for today's world. 4th edition. Johannes-Verlag, Leutesdorf 1998, ISBN 3-7794-1306-X .
  • Michael Jakel: Thérèse de Lisieux . In: Walter Kasper (Ed.): Lexicon for Theology and Church . 3. Edition. tape 9 . Herder, Freiburg im Breisgau 2000, Sp. 01490-1492 .
  • Michael Jakel:  Therese von Lisieux. In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). Volume 11, Bautz, Herzberg 1996, ISBN 3-88309-064-6 , Sp. 1090-1094. Online: Article (as of January 16, 2007) ( Memento from June 13, 2007 in the web archive archive.today ), accessed on March 14, 2016.
  • Michael Plattig: Therese von Lisieux. On the topicality of a saint (= contributions to the theology of spirituality ). Echter, Würzburg 1997, ISBN 3-429-01893-5 .
  • Emmanuel Renault : Therese von Lisieux, Carmelite. The rule, the freedom and the love. Published by the Carmel "Maria in der Not", Essen-Stoppenberg. Paqué, Ramstein 2004, ISBN 3-9807872-6-5 .
  • Emmanuel Renault: L'influence de sainte Thérèse d'Avila sur Thérèse de Lisieux (= Edition Carmel vivant ). Editions du Carmel, Toulouse 2009, ISBN 978-2-84713-123-9 .
    • Emmanuel Renault: What Therese von Lisieux owes to John of the Cross. Translated from the French by Elisabeth Haas. Published by Theresienwerk e. V. Echter, Würzburg 2009, ISBN 978-3-429-03029-2 (French original title: Ce que Thérèse de Lisieux doit à Jean de la Croix ).
  • Jean-François Six: Theresa of Lisieux. Your life as it really was. Translated from the French by Elisabeth Darlap. Herder, Freiburg im Breisgau a. a. 1976, 1978 3 , ISBN 3-451-17499-5 .
  • Rudolf Stertenbrink: The great love of the little mustard seed. Meeting with Thérèse von Lisieux, the new Doctor of the Church. Herder, Freiburg im Breisgau a. a. 2000, ISBN 3-451-26186-3 .
  • Andreas Wollbold: Therese von Lisieux. A mystagogical interpretation of her biography (= studies of systematic and spiritual theology. Volume 11). Echter, Würzburg 1994, ISBN 3-429-01601-0 .
  • Andreas Wollbold: Therese von Lisieux. On the small way (= Topos Taschenbücher. Volume 824). Topos plus, Kevelaer 2012, ISBN 978-3-8367-0824-1 .

Web links

Commons : Therese von Lisieux  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ John Paul II: Divini amoris scientia. Apostolic Letter to the Proclamation of St. Theresa of the Child Jesus and the Holy Face as a Doctor of the Church. In: vatican.va. October 19, 1997, accessed March 15, 2016 .
  2. ↑ F. Leterreux: Economie. Un million de pèlerins à Lisieux , on actu.fr from November 1, 2014 (accessed April 23, 2020).
  3. ^ France: Blessed couple. In: Vatican Radio. October 18, 2008, accessed March 19, 2020 .
  4. ↑ Vatican: Parents of Saint Therese of Lisieux canonized. In: Zeit Online . October 18, 2015, archived from the original on October 25, 2015 ; accessed on March 19, 2020 .
  5. ^ Michael Jakel: Thérèse de Lisieux . In: Walter Kasper (Ed.): Lexicon for Theology and Church . 3. Edition. tape 9 . Herder, Freiburg im Breisgau 2000, Sp. 1491 .
  6. ^ Andreas Wollbold: Therese von Lisieux. On the little way. Topos plus, Kevelaer 2012, p. 116.
  7. ↑ Tomáš Halík : Patience with God . 8th edition. Herder, Freiburg 2016, ISBN 978-3-451-30382-1 , pp. 49 .
  8. ↑ Mother Teresa of Calcutta (1910-1997). In: vatican.va. October 19, 2003, accessed March 19, 2020 .
  9. ↑ Sascha Imme: Story of a Soul. In: OFDb.de . September 11, 2010, accessed March 19, 2020 .
  10. ^ Sascha Imme: Thérèse. In: OFDb.de. July 20, 2003, accessed March 19, 2020 .
  11. ↑ Thérèse: The Story of Saint Thérèse of Lisieux (2004) in the Internet Movie Database (English)
personal data
SURNAME Lisieux, Therese von
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Theresa of the Child Jesus and the Holy Face
BRIEF DESCRIPTION French Carmelite, saint, Doctor of the Church
DATE OF BIRTH January 2, 1873
PLACE OF BIRTH Alençon , France
DATE OF DEATH September 30, 1897
Place of death Lisieux , France