St. Jakob (Saarbrücken)

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Catholic parish church St. Jakob, Saarbrücken
Arnold Güldenpfennig (1830–1908), architect of the Jakobskirche

St. Jakob is the Roman Catholic parish church in Alt-Saarbrücken , the center of the Saarland capital Saarbrücken in the southern area of ​​the diocese of Trier . The church patron is the apostle James the Elder . With regard to its patronage, the church follows the historical tradition of the medieval Saarbrücken castle chapel. In the list of monuments of the Saarland, the church is a single monument listed.

history

middle Ages

Saarbrücker Nikolauskapelle

The inhabitants of the original city of Saarbrücken, today's district of Alt-Saarbrücken, belonged to the parish of the collegiate church of St. Arnual . They had their own chapel as early as the 13th century . This chapel was built under the government of Countess Lauretta (1233–1271). The Metz bishop Philipp von Flörchingen (1261–1264) had given permission to build the chapel on August 23, 1261:

“Philip, by God's grace, Metz Bishop, the dean and chapter of the Church of St. Arnuald, beloved in Christ. Greetings in the Lord. Since your parishioners from Saarbrücken to the mother church of Saint Arnuald cannot comfortably come because of the local distance, we let you know that it is permitted to build a chapel church in your parish in Saarbrücken and to hold church services there for your parishioners, but without any disadvantage for the aforementioned mother church. We also allow you to hold church services for your parishioners there in a house suitably furnished for this purpose until the aforementioned chapel church is built. Given in the year of the Lord 1261 on the Vigil Day of the Apostle Bartholomew. "

Tithe and patron saint of the chapel community was the St. Arnual Canon Monastery. This chapel was dedicated to St. Nicholas of Myra . After the old chapel had become dilapidated, builder Hans von Zabern built today's Gothic castle church in its place .

Saarbrücken castle chapel

Church tower from the southwest

In addition, there was probably a castle chapel (capella castri Sarapontensis) for the count's court and the castle men in Saarbrücken even before the year 999, which was presumably consecrated to St. George . Count Johann I (1307–1342) had a Margaret Chapel built in place of the old castle chapel after his return from Italy in honor of the patron saint of his mother Margaret, which was inaugurated on May 2, 1315 by Chorbishop Daniel von Metz. Count Johann's successor, Johann II., Had an altar in the castle chapel in honor of St. Establish James the Elder . Johann II had previously vowed a pilgrimage to Santiago de Compostela , which he had not started. Pope Innocent VI had allowed the Count of Saarbrücken from Avignon to convert the promised vow into an altar foundation in honor of St. James. The altar foundation stipulated that in honor of St. James had a priest to read mass three days a week.

After the chapel was demolished in 1466, the patronage was transferred to a new chapel which was built two years later and was consecrated by the Vicar General Simon de Rubo in Metz . Gradually, the original name of the Margaret Chapel in Saarbrücken Castle was replaced by the St. James patronage. The patronage of the medieval castle chapel was then transferred to this church when today's St. James' Church was built.

Conflict with the canons of St. Arnual

Since the pastoral activities of the St. Arnual canons left a lot to be desired in the opinion of the Saarbrücken Count Johann I, he tried to detach church life from the influence of the St. Arnual Monastery in the towns of St. Johann and Saarbrücken. As early as 1309, John I was sent to Avignon as head of a royal embassy to Pope Clement V on behalf of King Henry VII . On a second trip to the Pope in Avignon in 1325, to which John I was commissioned by John of Bohemia , the King of Bohemia and Count of Luxembourg, the Saarbrücken Count Pope John XXII. his concern:

“Although both cities are very populous - there are 40 aristocratic courts there - and although the ecclesiastical income is sufficient to entertain a priest, the inhabitants have to receive the sacraments from the church in St. Arnual, which is half an hour away. So it happens that often children without baptism and other believing residents without receiving the sacraments have died to the danger of their own salvation and an offense to many others. "

Pope John XXII. thereupon gave the Saarbrücken Count Johann I a written instruction for the bishop of Metz to stop the pastor of St. Arnual by threatening church punishment, to create a baptismal font in Saarbrücken and St. Johann and to appoint a priest there to dispose of the sacraments. Nevertheless, Saarbrücken and St. Johann remained dependent on St. Arnual. It was not until 1549 that the monastery chapter gave its permission for a priest appointed by it to reside in Saarbrücken.

Modern times

Portal of the side chapel in the east transept

reformation

In 1549 Saarbrücken became an independent parish. 1575 was by Count Philip III. of Nassau-Saarbrücken , the Reformation introduced, and up to the early 19th century there were in Saarbruecken no Catholic parish more.

Resurrection of the Catholic community

On May 9, 1803, a cantonal parish was established in Saarbrücken, which was then part of France ( Département de la Sarre ), but it did not have its own church, but had to use the church in St. Johann .

Construction of the church building

As early as 1866, the daughter of the former Maires of Saarbrücken Charles Rupied and granddaughter of the Lorraine treasurer Charles François Julien Rupied, widow Maubon from Bar-le-Duc , had given the parish of St. Johann three parcels of land in Saarbrücken to be converted into a Catholic church erect. The property in Saarbrücken was given to the parish with the condition that the building of a church should begin within the next four years. The Saarlouis master builder Carl Friedrich Müller, who at almost the same time also built the St. Eligius Church in the neighboring town of Burbach , had drafted the plans for the construction of the first Catholic church in Saarbrücken since the Reformation. At the beginning of 1870 the plans were approved. The foundation stone was laid on April 6, 1870, but disagreements prevented further construction and the property was sold. This happened not least because the property was too small for the church and rectory.

In 1874 a larger building site was purchased, but the Kulturkampf with its Old Catholics Act prevented the start of the building project. The earthworks and foundation masonry did not begin until July 1884. This work was completed in the autumn of 1884. The foundation stone was laid by the Trier bishop Michael Felix Korum ( sub invocatione Sancti Jacobi majoris apostoli et martyris , English: under the invocation of St. James the Elder, the apostle and martyr ) on June 21, 1885.

View along the western nave facade

The certificate in the foundation stone reads in German translation:

“In the year of salvation 1885 - on June 21st - on the 4th Sunday after Pentecost - at 4 o'clock in the afternoon - at the time when Pope Leo XIII. with a strong hand and unbroken courage held the keys of St. Peter, the prince of the apostles - the most revered gentleman, Mr. Michael Felix Korum, the h. Theology Doctor, the Episcopal See of h. Eucharius adorned - Wilhelm I, the glorious victor, Emperor of Germany and King of Prussia - the praiseworthy gentleman, Baron Hugo von Richthofen, district administrator of the Saarbrücken district, - Mr. Friedrich Feldmann , was mayor of Saarbrücken - at which time after the dark clouds In a bitter struggle between government and church the hope for enlightenment and peace was justified - when the reverend Mr. Philipp Hubert Schneider was dean and pastor of Saarbrücken and the office of chaplains there the most revered Mr. Nicolaus Kirscht - Dr. Franz Becker - Paul Hilterscheid - and Michael Alt managed - after many previous difficulties - after the parish church of St. Johann could no longer hold the incoming Catholic people for a long time - after various gifts had been donated, namely from the widow Maubon of blessed memory and by Mr. Karl Thirion Kaufmann zu Saarbrücken -: the construction of this temple for the parish Saarbrücken is started, under the building councilor Mr. Ferdinand Neufang as construction manager - under Mr. Ludwig Barth - Friedrich Sehmer - and Ludwig Friedrich Schmidt as master builder - and under the master Theobald Brandt as overseer - and the foundation stone for it by invoking the h. Jacobus the Elder, Apostle and Martyr, placed by the Most Revered Lord, Mr. Michael Felix Korum, Doctor of the h. Theology and Bishop of Trier. "

In the years 1885–1887, the building of the church could finally be realized according to plans of the architect and cathedral builder Arnold Güldenpfennig from Paderborn . Güldenpfennig is also the architect of the Catholic St. Marien Cathedral in Hamburg . The Saarbrücken building officer Neufang was responsible for the local construction management, the construction work was in charge of the builders Ludwig Barth and Friedrich Sehmer (Saarbrücken). On July 9, 1887, the completed church was consecrated by the then Bishop of Trier Michael Felix Korum to the protection of St. James the Elder, and on March 1, 1888 the first pastor was introduced. The construction costs amounted to 200,000 marks.

View inside the church
Interior

The church was originally a three-aisled, neo-Gothic stepped hall with a west tower, a little overhanging transept, a recessed choir with a choir bay and a three-sided end. Pointed arcades on slender round pillars divided the naves of the three-bay nave. The crossing was emphasized by pillars made of four half-columns with polygonal transom plates. The yokes were cross-vaulted.

Exterior

The buttresses, which are stepped twice, show the interior division of the church into yokes. Large pointed arch windows with tracery panels open over a cornice that connects the church and the tower.

The mighty tower is visibly divided into three main floors by cornices. The lower tower floor continues the height of the main nave. Three large tracery windows open to the interior. The tower corners are surrounded by buttresses, which are converted into round corner turrets on the second floor. Between the curves of the corner turrets are pointed arches with tracery. The ogival arcades rise above it.

The tall, octagonal spire is surrounded by the four conical roofs of the corner turrets. Small intermediate gables that accommodate the tower clocks set accents.

Extension

In the years 1906–1907 the church was expanded according to plans by the architect Moritz Gombert (Saarbrücken) by adding a transept and a new choir , so that the floor plan was now a cross. The original end of the choir was torn down and replaced by a stylish second, wide transept with a new choir room. The three-corner system is approximately the same depth and closes on three sides. Side choirs open to the choir and transept.

Parcels

In 1929 the parish of Christ the King was separated from St. Jacob for the Catholics in St. Arnual . In 1938 the Expositur St. Mauritius was built, the church building of which was profaned in 2004 and given to the country .

Destruction in World War II and reconstruction

After destruction in the Second World War , there was initially only a partial reconstruction in 1948–1949. Under the direction of the architect Rudolf Krüger (Saarbrücken) only the choir and transept were restored before the complete reconstruction by architect Emil Tiator (Saarbrücken) took place in 1954. However, the church was not rebuilt true to the original, but changed, so today's grid ceiling no longer corresponds to the pre-war state with a neo-Gothic vaulting system. Likewise, for financial reasons, the gable walls were no longer built on the front sides of the older transept, and the restoration of the originally rich tracery panels in the nave and transept windows was abandoned.

In 1994 the chancel was rebuilt. The student project group Thomas Becker and Ralf Tiedtke headed by Klaus Dieter Köhler ( HTW Saarbrücken ) was responsible for this.

Furnishing

inner space

The church is equipped with an altar that can be rotated around a fixed point of view, making it suitable for various sacred uses. In addition, it is also possible to lift the altar out completely and thus open up the sanctuary for cultural uses.

Further items of equipment are the sculpture of St. Barbara in the left side chapel, the sculpture group Mother Anna selbdritt in the right side chapel, the Madonna with Child Jesus in the Lady Chapel, the wood-carved sculpture group St. Anthony and the tabernacle with the Lord's Supper scene .

organ

View of the organ gallery (Späth organ)

The organ of the church was built in 1950 as opus 553 by the organ building company Gebr. Späth Orgelbau Ennetach-Mengen . At that time the instrument had 17 registers , distributed over two manuals and a pedal . The location of the organ is the gallery in the east transept. After the main nave was rebuilt and a partition wall was torn down in 1962, the church building was fully usable again. Therefore, it was decided to adapt the organ to the now larger room by adding a third manual ( Rückpositiv ) and 15 further stops, including the prospect principle 16 ′ made of zinc. A new, free-standing gaming table was also purchased.

The electro-pneumatic action and the cone chests were retained, only the new Rückpositiv received a sliding chest . Due to this mixed system, the unfavorable set-up and the poor quality of the material, the organ has shown itself to be prone to failure over the years, which has resulted in constant repairs and disposition interventions . In one of the many renovations, the Rückpositiv was moved from the third to the first manual, as well as the main work to the second and the swell to the third, and the organ currently has 33 registers, distributed over three manuals and pedal. Apart from wind loss and heavy soiling inside, major functional failures have been kept within limits and the instrument is now in a reasonably good condition.

I Rückpositiv C – g 3
1. Coupling flute 8th'
2. Gemshorn 4 ′
3. Principal 2 ′
4th Cymbel III
5. Krummhorn 8th'
tremolo
II Hauptwerk C – g 3
6th Gedacktpommer 16 ′
7th Principal 8th'
8th. Hollow flute 8th'
9. octave 4 ′
10. Reed flute 4 ′
11. Nasard 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
12. octave 2 ′
13. Cornett III-IV
14th Mixture IV-VI
15th Trumpet 8th'
III Swell C – g 3
16. Lovely covered 8th'
17th Quintad 8th'
18th Salicional 8th'
19th Principal 4 ′
20th Pointed flute 4 ′
21st Fifth 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
22nd Night horn 2 ′
23. third 1 3 ⁄ 5  ′
24. Sif flute 1'
25th Scharff III
26th Trumpet shelf 8th'
tremolo
Pedal C – f 1
27. Principal bass 16 ′
28. Sub bass 16 ′
Subtle bass (transmission from No. 6) 16 ′
29 Octave bass 8th'
Covered bass (octave excerpt from No. 28) 8th'
30th Choral bass 4 ′
Bass flute (octave excerpt from No. 28) 4 ′
Soprano (octave excerpt from No. 28) 2 ′
31. Rauschbass IV
32. trombone 16 ′
33. Clarine 4 ′
  • Coupling : III / I, I / II, III / II, I / P, II / P, III / P
  • Playing aids : hand register, three free combinations, tutti, reeds off, automatic piano pedal, crescendo, crescendo off, reed individual storage

Bells

The tower of the Jakobskirche has a bronze bell with four bells in a prefatory motif . These bells were cast by the Mabilon bell foundry from Saarburg in 1955 . The bell cage and yokes are made of steel. The full bells are heard for the ringing of Sunday every Saturday evening at 6:00 p.m. and for church services on Sundays and weekdays.

No. volume Casting year Foundry, casting location Weight
(kg) 		Diameter
(cm)
1 dis 1 1955 Mabilon, Saarburg 1350 132
2 f sharp 1 780 111
3 g sharp 1 580 98
4th as 1 400 88

literature

  • L. Sudbrack and A. Jakob (eds.): The Catholic Saarland, home and church. Volume I, Saarbrücken 1954, p. 15.
  • Hans-Berthold Busse: Saarbrücken, St. Jakob parish church. In: Archive for Middle Rhine Church History, Church Monument Preservation in the Diocese of Trier. Volume 44, 1992, p. 453.
  • 75 years of the parish church of St. Jakob. Saarbrücken 1963.
  • 100 years of the parish church of St. Jakob Saarbrücken 1887–1987. Saarbrücken 1987.
  • Kristine Marschall: Sacred buildings of classicism and historicism in Saarland . Institute for Regional Studies in Saarland, Saarbrücken 2002, ISBN 3-923877-40-4 .
  • Johann Peter Muth: Parish historical pictures of the Catholic parishes of St. Johann and Saarbrücken for the 150th anniversary of the inauguration of the current parish church of St. Johann. St. Johann an der Saar 1908, pp. 91–95.
  • Rudolf Saam: Contribution to the building history of neo-Gothic churches on the Saar. On the life and work of the builder Carl Friedrich Müller. In: Saarbrücker Hefte. Issue 48, pp. 17-51, Saarbrücken 1978.
swell
  • Construction plans from 1908 in the archive of the Lower Building Supervisory Authority Saarbrücken, Saarbrücken house file at Keplerstrasse 13.

Web links

Commons : St. Jakob  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ List of monuments of the Saarland, partial list of monuments state capital Saarbrücken (PDF; 653 kB), accessed on August 17, 2012.
  2. ^ Johann Peter Muth: Parish historical pictures of the Catholic parishes of St. Johann and Saarbrücken for the 150th anniversary of the consecration of the current parish church of St. Johann. St. Johann an der Saar 1908, pp. 12-13 with reference to the Chartularium Saraepontanum, p. 337, no. 64.
  3. ^ Johann Peter Muth: Parish historical pictures of the Catholic parishes of St. Johann and Saarbrücken for the 150th anniversary of the consecration of the current parish church of St. Johann. St. Johann an der Saar 1908, pp. 15-16.
  4. ↑ a b c d History of the parish church of St. Jakob. Info page of the website Orgeln in Saarbrücken ( Memento from October 14, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
  5. ↑ Kristine Marschall: Sacred buildings of classicism and historicism in Saarland. Institute for Regional Studies in Saarland, Saarbrücken 2002, pp. 316–317.
  6. ^ Johann Peter Muth: Parish historical pictures of the Catholic parishes of St. Johann and Saarbrücken for the 150th anniversary of the consecration of the current parish church of St. Johann. St. Johann an der Saar 1908, pp. 92–94.
  7. ↑ a b c d e f Information on the parish church of St. Jakob at: www.kunstlexikonsaar.de, accessed on August 17, 2012.
  8. ↑ Kristine Marschall: Sacred buildings of classicism and historicism in Saarland. Institute for Regional Studies in Saarland, Saarbrücken 2002, pp. 316–317.
  9. ↑ Kristine Marschall: Sacred buildings of classicism and historicism in Saarland. Institute for Regional Studies in Saarland, Saarbrücken 2002, pp. 316–317.
  10. ↑ a b St. Jakob ( Memento from October 14, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Information page of the Orgeln in Saarbrücken website , accessed on August 17, 2012.
  11. ↑ St. Jakob on: www.organindex.de, accessed on August 17, 2012.

Coordinates: 49 ° 14 ′ 3.2 ″  N , 6 ° 59 ′ 7.6 ″  E