Harald Schering

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Harald Ernst Malmsten Schering (born November 25, 1880 in Göttingen , † April 10, 1959 in Hanover ) was a German physicist and professor of high voltage engineering .

Life

Schering was the first son of the Göttingen professor Ernst Christian Julius Schering (1833-1897) and his wife Maria Heliodora (née Malmsten). His father became famous as the editor of the works of Carl Friedrich Gauß and director of the Göttingen observatory. Harald Schering grew up in Göttingen , studied physics there , became an assistant at the geophysical institute and received his doctorate in 1904 on the Elster - Geitel scattering apparatus, a device for measuring the conductivity of air.

In 1905 he was employed as a " scientific assistant " in the heavy current laboratory of the Physikalisch-Technische Reichsanstalt in Berlin-Charlottenburg (today PTB ), and from 1910 as a permanent employee. His area of ​​responsibility included electrical energy measurement technology, which gained great importance due to increasing electrification . In 1914, together with Ernst Alberti, he developed a measuring method for testing current transformers . He was seriously wounded as a reserve officer in World War I and returned to the PTR in 1916. There he was appointed head of the heavy current laboratory (later the alternating current laboratory) in 1918 as the successor to Karl Willy Wagner , and in 1919 he was appointed professor and member of the PTR. During this time, the idea for the loss factor measuring bridge , which would later bear his name, was born. In 1924 he published a book on insulating materials in electrical engineering.

In 1926 he received a call to the Technical University of Hanover (today Leibniz University of Hanover ) as the successor to Wilhelm Friedrich Kohlrausch . There he worked from April 1, 1927 as a professor for the basics of electrical engineering and high voltage technology . In addition to these subjects, he taught theoretical electrical engineering and introduced the high-voltage measurement technology course . For his appointment, he had been promised the construction of a high-voltage hall, the foundation stone of which was laid on November 13, 1937, but it was only possible to move into it in 1947. Therefore, the experiments and laboratories had to be carried out in a wooden barrack, the confined space of which severely restricted the research work.

He retired in 1949 , but represented his field of teaching until 1954. His successor was Gerhard Pfestorf (1900–1969), like Schering, a former employee of the PTR. One of the numerous honors that Schering received for his life's work is the Great Cross of Merit , which he was awarded in 1957. The high-voltage engineering department at Leibniz Universität Hannover still bears his name today , as does the building for the high-voltage department of the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) .

Services

He developed various electrical measuring devices and measuring methods , in particular the Schering bridge named after him , a bridge circuit for determining the loss factor and dielectric constant of electrical insulating materials , as well as the necessary components (low-loss capacitors , galvanometers ).

Works

  • The Elster-Geitel apparatus of dispersion and an attempt at quantitative absolute measurement of dispersion . Metzger & Wittig, Leipzig 1904; Excerpts in: Annals of Physics. 325/6/1906, pp. 174–195, doi: 10.1002 / andp.19063250611 , online via Gallica (Bibliothèque nationale de France)
  • Seismic registrations in Göttingen in 1904. In: Nachrichten von der Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen, Mathematisch-Physikalische Klasse. 1905, Volume 2, Issue 2, pp. 181-217. online at the Göttingen digitization center
  • A sensitive vibratory galvanometer for low frequencies . Arch. F. Elt. 6/1/1912, pp. 254-258, doi: 10.1007 / BF01657493
  • Registration of the specific conductivity of the atmospheric air. In: News from the Society of Science in Göttingen, Mathematical-Physical Class. 1908, Volume 2, Issue 1, OCLC 946376307 , pp. 102-120.
  • A sensitive vibratory galvanometer for low frequencies. In: Arch. F. Elt. 6/1/1912, pp. 254-258, doi: 10.1007 / BF01657493
  • The measurement of the phase angle of large wirewound resistors by comparison with resistances made from mannitol-boric acid solution. In: Arch. F. Elt. 10/1/1913, pp. 423-432, doi: 10.1007 / BF01657352
  • A simple way to test current transformers. In: Arch. F. Elt. 7/2/1914, pp. 263-275, doi: 10.1007 / BF01655998
  • Go to the diagram of the current transformer. In: Arch. F. Elt. 2/7/1918, pp. 47-56, doi: 10.1007 / BF01578769
  • Report on the work of Bussmann on the consideration of the phase shift in consumption measurements in three-phase networks. In: Electrotechnical Journal. 1919, p. 304.
  • Loss measurement at high voltage. In: Z. Instrum.-Kde. - / 40/1920, pp. 124, - / 41/1921, pp. 139-140, - / 44/1924, pp. 98-99.
  • The heating of a cable due to dielectric losses. In: Arch. F. Elt. 2/11/1922, pp. 68-76, doi: 10.1007 / BF01656438
  • A sensitivity regulator for null instruments. In: Arch. F. Elt. 6-12 / 12/1923 , pp. 493-497, doi: 10.1007 / BF01656760
  • The angle error in induction meters . Arch. F. Elt. 6-12 / 12/1923 , pp. 511-526, doi: 10.1007 / BF01656762
  • The insulating materials of electrical engineering . Springer, Berlin 1924, doi: 10.1007 / 978-3-642-99077-9
  • Comments on the article by Mr. G. Benischke: A simple bridge for measuring the capacitance and the loss resistance. In: Arch. F. Elt. 4/17/1926, pp. 426-428, doi: 10.1007 / BF01662007
  • Emil Warburg and technology. In: Naturwiss. 11/14/1926, pp. 208-211, doi: 10.1007 / BF01510296
  • The sensitivity of an AC bridge. In: ETZ. 36/52/1931, pp. 1133-1134 and 38/52/1931, pp. 1191.
  • For measuring the voltage distribution on insulator surfaces. In: ETZ. 4/56/1935, pp. 75–80 (?)
  • The inductance of two straight parallel conductors with the same rectangular cross-sections. In: ETZ-A. 10 / - / 1954, pp. 335-338.

literature

  • R. Haussner, K. Schering: Collected mathematical works Volume 1.2. by Ernst Schering . Mayer & Müller, Berlin 1902. Available as facsimile: University of Michigan Historical Math Collection
  • A. Semm: Loss measurements at high voltage. In: Arch. F. Elt. 1/9/1920, pp. 30-34, doi: 10.1007 / BF01578835
  • Paul Trommsdorff: The faculty of the Technical University of Hanover 1831-1931. Hanover 1931, p. 87.
  • NN: 100 years of the Technical University of Hanover: Festschrift for the centenary on June 15, 1931 . Göhmann, Hannover 1931, DNB 361457340 .
  • GKM Pfestorf: Professor Dr. phil. Harald Schering on his 75th birthday. In: ETZ-A. 23/76/1955, p. 817.
  • M. Beyer: Harald Schering. In: R. Seidel, H. Gerken: University of Hanover 1831–1981: Festschrift for the 150th anniversary of the University of Hanover . Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 1981, ISBN 3-17-007320-6 .
  • A. Braun, K. Schon: Harald Schering, his work and today's tasks of the PTB in the fields of transducers and high voltage. In: PTB-Mitteilungen. 4/107/1997, pp. 227-236.
  • Wolfgang Mathis:  Schering, Harald Ernst Malmsten. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 22, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 2005, ISBN 3-428-11203-2 , p. 696 ( digitized version ).

Remarks

  1. ↑ Siblings: Ingrid (firstborn) and Walther
  2. ^ P. Trommsdorff: Catalogus Professorum. of the Technical University of Hanover, Hanover 1956.
  3. ↑ ETZ. 1927 // 6, p. 189.
  4. ↑ O-Ton Schering: For the selection of the research work it was decisive that it could be carried out with the high voltages available here, which are low for today's technology. In the long run, the renunciation contained therein hits the institute director hard, as his attempts to develop loss-free comparison capacitors for electrical loss measurement, which were successful up to 350 kV, while there is an urgent need for those up to 500 or 600 kV today, have suddenly stopped. ... Space and resources are particularly inadequate in the high voltage institute. This requires an enormous amount of idle work and nerve consumption to overcome the constant inhibition gene. It is imperative that the promise of the new building is kept soon. (Extract from the commemorative publication "100 Years of the Technical University of Hanover")

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personal data
SURNAME Schering, Harald
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Schering, Harald Ernst Malmsten
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German physicist, inventor of the Schering Bridge
DATE OF BIRTH November 25, 1880
PLACE OF BIRTH Goettingen
DATE OF DEATH April 10, 1959
Place of death Hanover