Gerardus Johannes Mulder

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Gerardus Johannes Mulder

Gerardus Johannes Mulder also: Gerrit Jan Mulder (born December 27, 1802 in Utrecht , † April 18, 1880 in Bennekom ) was a Dutch physician, pharmacologist, chemist and is considered the discoverer of protein .

Life

Gerardus Johannes Mulder was the son of the surgeon Jan Andries Mulder (* around 1777 - † March 8, 1843 in Utrecht) and Petronella van Ommeren (* around 1779 - † September 8, 1828 in Utrecht). After attending the French school in Utrecht, he studied medicine , natural sciences and mathematics at the University of Utrecht from 1819 . On March 16, 1825, under Nicolaas Cornelis de Fremery , he defended his dissertatio medica de opio ejusque principiis, actione inter se comparatis and obtained his doctorate in medicine . After he had received his doctorate in pharmacy on May 3, 1825 , he settled as a doctor in Amsterdam . In 1826 he went to the Batavian Society in Rotterdam as a lecturer in pharmacy and physics, and in 1827 received a teaching post for botany and chemistry at the local medical school . With Didericus Fredericus van der Pant he published a report on the infection of cholera with the title De cholera in Rotterdam (Rotterdam 1832). As a result, he dealt more and more with the disease and published various researches in the field, which brought him international recognition. He was in contact with Michael Faraday , Jöns Jacob Berzelius and Justus von Liebig .

On July 15, 1840, he was appointed professor of chemistry at the University of Utrecht, which he took over on September 14, 1840 with the introductory speech De indole chemiae qualis nostra colitur . Here he was elected Rector of the Alma Mater in 1853/54 . Mulder set up a laboratory at the college that gained an international reputation. From 1843 to 1850 his textbook Proeve eener algemeene physiologische Scheikunde (freely translated into German, attempt at a general physiological chemistry. ) Appeared , which brought him lasting importance in the field of chemistry. Mulder had done a great job in animal chemistry . His investigations into proteins embroiled him in a heated argument with Justus von Liebig, which ended badly for Mulder.

On the question of plant nutrition , too , he took a direction opposite to the prevailing trend and emphasized the importance of humus more than others . Nevertheless, he is considered the discoverer of vegetable and animal protein. He also got involved politically. As a Utrecht city councilor, he was committed to a strong royal authority and was an opponent of Johan Rudolf Thorbecke's liberalism . On October 7, 1868, he was for health reasons from his professorship emeritus and was until 1875 only as Advisor of the Dutch Colonial Office operates, which he had heard in that capacity for 40 years. From 1868 he lived in Bennekom, where he withdrew brokenly from many scientific and private relationships. Mulder had some deficits in his soft skills that often resulted in arguments. He died in the local Villa Old Vossenhol, where he had withdrawn from scientific work and lived in gloomy, almost blind circumstances.

Mulder had received a lot of recognition during his scientific creation phase. With Herman van Hall and Willem Vrolik he edited the Bijdragen tot de natuurkundige Wetenschappen from 1826 to 1832 , from 1832 to 1836 alone and with Willem Wenckebach from 1836 to 1838 the Natuur- en Scheikundig archief, with Friedrich Anton Wilhelm Miquel and Wenckebach the Bulletin of the sciences physiques et naturelles en Neerlande and since 1842 only the Scheikundige onderzoekingen in het laboratory of the Utrechtsche Hogeschool and from 1857 to 1865 the Scheikundige Verhandelingen en onderzoekingen . He was a member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Sciences , 1845 corresponding member of the Prussian Academy of Sciences , 1850 member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences , honorary member of the Physical Society in Frankfurt am Main. In October 1839 he became a Knight of the Order of the Dutch Lion and subsequently the recipient of other high-quality awards.

family

Gerardus Johannes married on May 2, 1827 in Rotterdam with Wilhelmina van Rossem (born September 23, 1802 in Rotterdam; † August 16, 1890 in The Hague), the daughter of Jan van Rossem (born October 9, 1776 in Rotterdam; † February 9, 1842 ibid) and Johanna Hendrika van den Ende (born February 3, 1781 in Delft; † August 7, 1846 in Rotterdam). There are three sons and three daughters from the marriage. From the children we know:

  • Louis Mulder (born March 14, 1828 in Rotterdam, † March 12, 1903 in Utrecht) married. August 26, 1859 in Utrecht with Adriana van Beek (* around 1825 in Utrecht)
  • Karel Mulder (born September 8, 1829 in Rotterdam, † December 10, 1849 in Utrecht)
  • Eduard Mulder (born July 7, 1832 in Rotterdam, † March 8, 1924 in Utrecht) Prof. Dr., m. I. July 2, 1856 in Leiden with Sophia Theodora Terpstra (* around 1828; † September 14, 1864 in Delft); mated II. On August 21, 1872 in Utrecht with Henriette Jacoba Gerritzen (born June 10, 1846 in Zoelen, † June 28, 1926 in Utrecht)
  • Anna Mulder (born March 14, 1834 in Rotterdam) married. April 21, 1881 in Rotterdam Jacob de Bruïne
  • Cornelia Mulder (born July 14, 1836 in Rotterdam; † 1842)

Works (selection)

  • Commentatio de Entozois. Utrecht 1832 ( online )
  • Herinneringen omtrent Jacobus Landt. Rotterdam 1830 ( online )
  • On the value and importance of the natural sciences for medicine. Heidelberg 1844 ([Online])
  • Het streven the substance naar harmony. Een voorlezing. Rotterdam 1844, translated into German in 1845: The striving of matter for harmony. Braunschweig 1844 ( online )
  • De elements. Eene voorlezing. Rotterdam 1844
  • Proeve eener algemeene physiological theory. Rotterdam 1843; German translated: Attempt at a general physiological chemistry. Heidelberg & Braunschweig, 1844–1851; ( Vol. 1 Online )
  • On the value and importance of the natural sciences for medicine. Heidelberg 1844 ( online )
  • Redevoering over de stoffelijke wereld: een middel tot hoogere ontwikkeling, uitgesproken bij de inwijding van het Scheikundig Laboratory of the Hoogeschool te Utrecht on September 22, 1845. Rotterdam 1845 ( online ); translated into German: Talk about the world of matter as a means to higher development. Held at the inauguration of the chemical laboratory of the University of Utrecht. 22nd late 1845 ad Utrecht & Düsseldorf, 1845 ( online )
  • Liebig's question morally and scientifically examined. Frankfurt am Main 1846 ( online )
  • De opvoeding in Nederland, in association tot the Volksgeest. Rotterdam 1847; German translated: Diet in its connection with the Volksgeist Utrecht and Düsseldorf, 1847, ( online )
  • Scheikundige onderzoekingen, started in the laboratory of the Utrechtsche Hoogeschool. Rotterdam 1851 vol. 5 ( online )
  • Chemical investigations. Frankfurt am Main, 1847, ( 1st volume online ), ( 2nd volume online )
  • Studies on protein, behen oil and amorphous quinine. Frankfurt am Main 1847 ( online )
  • Berzelius cooks up. Utrecht 1848 ( online )
  • Verval van Nederland, bezuiniging, onderwijs. Rotterdam 1848
  • De weg der wetenschap, zinen leerlingen op nieuw aanbevolen. Rotterdam 1849 ( online )
  • Wetenschap en volksgeluk, een woord voor Nederland schreven. Rotterdam 1849 ( online )
  • The Chemistry of Vegetable & Animal Physiology. Edinburgh & London 1849 ( online )
  • Wetenschap en Volksgeluk. Een woord voor Nederland shouted. Rotterdam 1849 ( online )
  • De weg der wetenschap, zijnen leerlingen op nieuw aanbevolen. Rotterdam 1849 ( online )
  • Is a nieuw Ministerie Thorbecke mogelijk? Utrecht 1853 ( online )
  • The Chemistry of Wine Leipzig 1856, ( online ), English translated The Chemistry of Wine. London 1863 ( online )
  • The chemistry of beer Leipzig 1858, ( online )
  • The silver tasting method. Leipzig 1859, ( online )
  • The chemistry of the Ackerkrume Berlin 1861–1864, 3 vol .; ( 1st volume online )
  • Studium Generale. Speech at the opening room at the hoogeschool in Utrecht. Rotterdam 1865
  • The sheikundige middelen of the nederlandsche Regering against the spreading of the cholera. Rotterdam 1866 ( online )
  • The chemistry of drying oils, their preparation and their technical application in arts and crafts. Berlin 1867, ( online )
  • De strijd der Utrechtse Hoogeschool tegen de geneeskundige wets-ontwerpen. Haarlem 1865 ( online )
  • De natural method en de promising cholera Rotterdam 1866 ( Online )

literature

  • CB Wels: MULDER, Gerardus Johannis (1802-1880) . In: Biographical Woordenboek van Nederland. 2011
  • Gerardus Johannis Mulder (1802–1880), hoogleraar in de Scheikunde, orangist. In: J. Aalbers: Utrechtse biografieën 3. Levensbeschrijvingen van bekende en onbekende Utrechters. Boom / Broese / SPOU, Utrecht, 1996, pp. 141–142 ( online PDF )
  • Ernst Cohen: Wat Leer en ons de archives omtrent Gerrit Jan Mulder? In: Negotiations of the Koninklijke nederlandsche Akademie van Wetenschappen, Afd. Natural history. Amsterdam 1948, Section 1, Part XIX, No. 2, pp. 1–73, ( Online PDF )
  • Wolfert Abraham Johannes van Geuns: Levensschets van GJ Mulder. Rotterdam 1881, 2nd vol .; 2nd edition Van der Post, Utrecht 1883
  • Mulder, Gerard Johannes . In: Meyers Konversations-Lexikon . Publishing house of the Bibliographisches Institut, Leipzig and Vienna. 4th edition from 1888 to 1890, vol. 11, p. 857
  • Jacob Maarten van Bemmelen : Bijdrage tot de Wetenschappelijke biography van GJ Mulder. Historically critical Beschouwing van zijn work: De Scheikunde der bouwbare Aarde. In: Negotiations of the Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen te Amsterdam. Johannes Müller, Amsterdam, 1901, Section 1, Part VII, No. 7 ( online )
  • HAM Snelders: Gerrit Jan Mulders Bemoeienissen met het Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek in Nederlands Indië. In: Tijdschrift voor de geschiedenis der Geneeskunde, Natuurwetenschappen, Wiskunde en Techniek. 1990, Volume 13, No. 4, pp. 253–264 ( Online PDF )

Web links

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personal data
SURNAME Mulder, Gerardus Johannes
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Mulder, Gerrit Jan; Mulder, Gerardus Johannis
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Dutch physician, pharmacologist, chemist and discoverer of protein
DATE OF BIRTH December 27, 1802
PLACE OF BIRTH Utrecht
DATE OF DEATH April 18, 1880
Place of death Bennekom