Tilla Durieux

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Tilla Durieux in 1905, photographed by Jacob Hilsdorf

Tilla Durieux , actually Ottilie Godeffroy , (born August 18, 1880 in Vienna , † February 21, 1971 in West Berlin ) was an Austrian actress and radio play speaker .

Life

Tilla Durieux was the daughter of the chemistry professor Richard Godeffroy and his wife, the Hungarian pianist Adelheid Ottilie Augustine Godeffroy, nee. Hrdlicka. She completed her acting training in Vienna. Since her parents refused the daughter's career choice, she later adopted Durieux as her stage name , derived from du Rieux , the maiden name of her paternal grandmother.

She made her debut in Olomouc in 1902 , then moved to Breslau and was engaged at the Deutsches Theater in Berlin from 1903 to 1911 . Here she played Lady Milford in Kabale und Liebe (1903), Kunigunde in Das Käthchen von Heilbronn (1905), Rhodope in Friedrich Hebbel's Gyges and his Ring (1907), the title character in Hebbel's Judith (1909) and Jokaste in King Oedipus (1910) ), but was also involved as a spokesperson for example in the new club of Kurt Hiller .

In 1907, Durieux, together with the cultural politician, SPD member and later music teacher Leo Kestenberg , began to drive to the suburbs of Berlin (such as Park Hasenheide in Neukölln) on many of their rehearsal-free Sundays and to work there at workers' matinees and gatherings to read by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe , Friedrich Schiller , Richard Dehmel , Georg Herwegh or Adelbert von Chamisso , to play classical music or to perform melodramas. These performances were only interrupted by the beginning of the First World War.

Tilla Durieux as Circe (Portrait of Franz von Stuck , 1912)
The actress after the performance of lobster in 1967 in Munich
Honorary grave of Tilla Durieux in the Heerstraße cemetery in Berlin-Westend

From 1911 to 1914 she appeared at the Berlin Lessing Theater , from 1915 at the Royal Theater and from 1919 at the State Theater . Important roles here included Countess Werdenfels in Frank Wedekind's The Marquis von Keith (1920) and the title role in his drama Franziska (1924/25, also in Vienna). In Berlin she invited the brothers Karl and Robert Walser as well as Frank Wedekind and his wife to her apartment for a Christmas party together with her future husband, the German publisher , art dealer and gallery owner Paul Cassirer .

In May 1919 she supported and hid (allegedly in her closet) the writer Ernst Toller , who was wanted as one of the leading protagonists of the Munich Soviet Republic for high treason. Durieux, who at the time was receiving medical treatment in Ferdinand Sauerbruch's Munich clinic , whom she and Paul Cassirer had already met at cultural events, initially provided Toller with financial means on his escape and promised further help.

In 1927 she helped finance the Piscator stage and also appeared under the direction of Erwin Piscator . In Berlin in the Roaring Twenties , she came into contact with famous Berlin personalities such as the society photographer Frieda Riess . In 1933 she left Germany with her Jewish husband Ludwig Katzenellenbogen after the National Socialists came to power ; she fled to Ascona , where she was in contact with Victoria Wolff . Then she played the Theater in der Josefstadt in Vienna and 1935 in Prague , where she appeared in Macbeth represented the Lady Macbeth. In 1938 she emigrated with her husband to Zagreb in Croatia , where a distant relative lived. While Tilla Durieux tried in Belgrade a visa for both to emigrate to the United States to get, she was frustrated by the German bombing and attack on Belgrade in April 1941 and thus separated from her husband, who in 1941 by the Gestapo in Thessaloniki arrested and the KZ Sachsenhausen was abducted. In 1944, Tilla Durieux said she took part in the " Red Aid " for the partisans under Josip Broz Tito .

In 1952 she returned to Germany and made guest appearances at theaters in Berlin, Hamburg and Münster . Later roles were the porter in Traumspiel (1955 in Berlin and 1963 in Hamburg), mother in Max Frisch's The Chinese Wall (1955 in Berlin and 1963 in Hamburg) and Peitho in Gerhart Hauptmann's Atriden (1962, directed by Erwin Piscator). In 1967 she gave the German premiere of Marguerite Duras ' play Whole Days in the Trees at the Munster Städtische Bühnen , with which she then went on tour.

Durieux died in 1971 of sepsis after surgical treatment of a femoral neck fracture in the Oskar-Helene-Hospital and - after the cremation in the crematorium Wilmersdorf  - was buried next to her second husband Paul Cassirer in the state-owned forest cemetery Heerstraße in the district of Charlottenburg (today's district of Berlin-Westend ) . The tombstone, which was donated by an admirer much later, also bears the title of professor , which Tilla Durieux briefly held at the Mozarteum in Salzburg . She herself had never attached any importance to this name addition. The date of death is indicated on the headstone as January 21, 1971, but she died on February 21, 1971, the 100th birthday of Paul Cassirer.

By resolution of the Berlin Senate , the final resting place of Tilla Durieux in the Heerstraße cemetery (grave location: 5-C-4) has been dedicated to the State of Berlin since 1971 as an honorary grave . The dedication was extended in 1997 by the now usual period of twenty years. The decision on a further extension is pending (as of November 2019).

Marriages

Tilla Durieux was married to the painter Eugen Spiro from 1903–1905 . From 1905 she was in a relationship with the art dealer Paul Cassirer and married from 1910. Cassirer died in 1926 as a result of a suicide attempt that he had committed during a divorce hearing requested by Tilla Durieux. According to Durieux, the trial had been preceded by numerous defamations against her by Cassirer. In 1930 she was the third person to marry the entrepreneur Ludwig Katzenellenbogen (1877–1944), with whom she fled Germany in 1933. In 1941 Katzenellenbogen was arrested in Thessaloniki , deported to the Sachsenhausen concentration camp and died there in 1944.

Tilla Durieux jewelry

On the occasion of her 65th stage anniversary , she donated the Tilla-Durieux jewelry in 1967 , which is awarded every ten years to an outstanding representative of German or Austrian acting. This is a necklace of 32 in platinum combined zircons . The Art Deco work was probably a gift from Paul Cassirer to his wife.

The decisive factor in the search for a prize winner is the vote of the current wearer of the jewelry, the patronage is the Academy of Arts in Berlin. So far the following actresses have been honored:

Filmography

Radio plays

Discography

  • 1970: "Do you still know ..." Tilla Durieux in conversation with Herbert Ihering and Rolf Ludwig. VEB Deutsche Schallplatten, Berlin 1967 (Litera 8 60 118)
  • 1965: Tilla Durieux - Scenes and Dialogues Deutsche Grammophon (Literary Archive 43074)

Honors

In 1987, a Berlin memorial plaque was attached to her home at Bleibtreustraße 15 in Berlin-Charlottenburg .

Tilla-Durieux-Park was dedicated to her in 2003 near Potsdamer Platz in Berlin .

Fonts

  • A door slams shut. Novel . Horen, Berlin-Grunewald 1928
  • A door is open. Memories . Herbig, Berlin-Grunewald 1954 (created 1944)
  • My first ninety years. Memories . Herbig, Munich 1971

literature

  • Melanie Ruff, Tilla Durieux .
  • Spomenka Štimec : Tilla . Novel. Edistudio, Pisa 2002, ISBN 88-7036-071-7 (in Esperanto ).
  • Joachim Werner Preuss (Ed.): Tilla Durieux. Portrait of the actress. Interpretation and documentation . Berlin 1965
  • Wilhelm Biermann: Tilla Durieux , poems. Berlin 1925
  • Kay Less : 'In life, more is taken from you than given ...'. Lexicon of filmmakers who emigrated from Germany and Austria between 1933 and 1945. A general overview. ACABUS-Verlag, Hamburg 2011, ISBN 978-3-86282-049-8 , p. 144 f.

Illustrations

Tilla Durieux (Portrait of Pierre-Auguste Renoir , 1914)
Tilla Durieux (Portrait of Emil Orlik , 1922)

Tilla Durieux is considered the most portrayed woman of her time.

Oil painting

Busts

  • 1912: Ernst Barlach , four busts
  • 1917: Herman Haller, terracotta bust, Kunsthaus Zürich
  • 1937: Mary Duras, bronze bust, National Gallery, Prague
  • 1967: Götz Loepelmann , plaster bust
  • o. J. Hugo Lederer , bronze bust

Lithographs

Web links

Commons : Tilla Durieux  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Tilla Durieux: My first ninety years . Rowohlt Taschenbuch, Reinbek 1976, p. 10 ff.
  2. ↑ Tilla Durieux: My first ninety years . Rowohlt Taschenbuch, Reinbek 1976, pp. 79f.
  3. ↑ Robert Walser - Portrait and Memories , from 12:37 pm (published in 2012 on the YouTube channel Text und Bühne , accessed on September 14, 2016)
  4. ^ Ferdinand Sauerbruch, Hans Rudolf Berndorff : That was my life. Kindler & Schiermeyer, Bad Wörishofen 1951; cited: Licensed edition for Bertelsmann Lesering, Gütersloh 1956, pp. 235 and 252.
  5. ↑ Michaela Karl: On the Flucht - The Hunt for Ernst Toller (online at www.literaturportal-bayern.de, accessed on September 14, 2014)
  6. ↑ Tilla Durieux on ticinarte.ch.
  7. ↑ Tilla Durieux: My first ninety years. Herbig, Munich 1971, pp. 349-365
  8. ↑ Tilla Durieux: My first ninety years . Rowohlt Taschenbuch, Reinbek 1976, p. 256 ff.
  9. ↑ balkanpeace.org
  10. ↑ The grave of Tilla Durieux on knerger.de.
  11. ↑ Bernd Oertwig : Famous dead live forever. Berlin fates. Verlag für Berlin-Brandenburg, Berlin 2019, ISBN 978-3-947215-58-4 , pp. 240 .
  12. ↑ Senate Department for the Environment, Transport and Climate Protection: Honorary Graves of the State of Berlin (Status: November 2018) (PDF, 413 kB), p. 17. Accessed on November 24, 2019. ' Submission - for information - about the recognition and further preservation of Graves of well-known and deserving personalities as honor graves of Berlin . Berlin House of Representatives, printed matter 13/2017 of September 12, 1997, Section B, p. 3. Accessed on November 24, 2019.
  13. ^ Tilla Durieux: Meine first ninety years , Herbig, Munich 1971, pp. 67, 87
  14. ↑ Ibid., Pp. 87-90
  15. ↑ Paul Cassirer was the client (and financier) of the portraits of Tilla Durieux, which were created during their marriage.
  16. ^ Tilla Durieux: Meine first ninety years , Herbig, Munich 1971, pp. 312-314
  17. ↑ simplicissimus.info
  18. ↑ A shot in the heart . In: The world
  19. ^ Academy of the Arts: The actress Judith Hofmann receives the Tilla-Durieux jewelry. Press release from September 29, 2010.
  20. ↑ Berliner Zeitung of October 11, 1970, p: 4.
  21. ^ Tilla-Durieux-Park . In: Kaupert's street guide through Berlin
  22. ^ Diploma thesis , University of Vienna. Faculty of History and Cultural Studies, Supervisor: Johanna Gehmacher, (2007)
  23. ↑ Verena Perlhefter: "Others keep racing horses ..." Tilla Durieux - actress and most portrayed woman of her time . Belvedere, Vol. 12. Vienna 2006, pp. 32–45, 95–101.
  24. ↑ Flechtheim, his heirs and the question of restitution FAZ of April 9, 2013.
  25. ↑ Recommendation of the Advisory Commission (PDF; 93 kB) Lost Art Coordination Office of April 9, 2013.
  26. ↑ Belvedere, Vienna , inv. No. 2070 ( Memento from March 25, 2016 in the Internet Archive )
  27. ↑ Playing and Dreaming, Tilla Durieux. With 5 etchings a. 1 lithograph by Emil Orlik , Verlag der Galerie Flechtheim, 1922.
personal data
SURNAME Durieux, Tilla
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Godeffroy, Ottilie (real name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Austrian actress and radio play speaker
DATE OF BIRTH August 18, 1880
PLACE OF BIRTH Vienna
DATE OF DEATH February 21, 1971
Place of death West Berlin