Ascona

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Ascona
Ascona coat of arms
State : SwitzerlandSwitzerland Switzerland
Canton : Canton of TicinoCanton of Ticino Ticino (TI)
District : Locarno districtw
Circle : Circle Isole
BFS no. : 5091i1 f3 f4
Postal code : 6612
UN / LOCODE : CH ASC
Coordinates : 702740  /  112450 coordinates: 46 ° 9 '21 "  N , 8 ° 46' 7"  O ; CH1903:  702740  /  112450
Height : 199  m above sea level M.
Height range : 193–1259 m above sea level M.
Area : 4.95  km²
Residents: 5497 (December 31, 2019)
Population density : 1111 inhabitants per km²
Proportion of foreigners :
(residents without
Swiss citizenship ) 		27.8% (December 31, 2019)
Website: www.ascona.ch
Ascona seen from Lake Maggiore

Ascona from Lago Maggiore seen from
Location of the municipality
Lago di Mognólia Lago di Tomè Lago Barone Lago Laghetto Bagina di Val Malvaglia Lago di Vogorno Lago Delio Lago d'Orglio Lago Maggiore Italien Italien Kanton Graubünden Bezirk Bellinzona Bezirk Blenio Bezirk Leventina Bezirk Lugano Bezirk Riviera Bezirk Vallemaggia Gambarogno TI Ascona Brissago TI Losone Ronco sopra Ascona Locarno Locarno Muralto Orselina Centovalli TI Terre di Pedemonte Brione sopra Minusio Cugnasco-Gerra Cugnasco-Gerra Gordola Mergoscia Minusio Tenero-Contra Gresso Onsernone Lavertezzo VerzascaMap of Ascona
About this picture
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Ascona , in the alpine Lombard local dialect Scona [ ʃkona ], is a municipality in the Swiss canton of Ticino ( District Locarno , county Isole ). The earlier German names, based on Lombard, Aschgunen or Aschgonen are no longer used today.

View of the roofs of Ascona
Ascona village center seen from the lake
Historical aerial photo from 100 m by Walter Mittelholzer from 1929
Town hall in Ascona, seen from the lake side

geography

The former fishing village and later health resort is located on the north shore of Lake Maggiore . Neighboring communities are Locarno , Losone , Ronco sopra Ascona , Brissago and Centovalli . Ascona is the lowest-lying village in Switzerland, as the village center is located directly on the lake. In the west, the community extends beyond the wooded mountain and viewpoint Corona dei Pinci , which is at 1293 m above sea level. M. lies.

Other districts are San Materno, San Michele, Monte Verità and Moscia. The municipality also includes Saleggi, the south-western, flat part of the Maggia delta.

history

Excavations in 1969 in and around the Church of San Michele uncovered Neolithic flint and ceramic shards. Pottery from the Middle and Late Bronze Age has been found in the necropolis of San Materno . On the nearby hill Baladrum was around 1000 BC. A fortified hilltop settlement, of which remains of dry stone walls are still present.

Ascona appears in written sources for the first time in 1186, 1189 or 1191 (uncertain dating), when the Bishop of Como , Anselmo della Torre, lands in Ascona and Locarno including the castle of San Michele - castrum quod dicitur Sconae - the Pietro de Duni and other nobles were given to fiefdoms , which they then expanded. In 1224 the village was mentioned as burgus de Scona . Around 1250, the Milanese Griglioni and Carcani families, as war refugees, moved their headquarters to Ascona and built castles right on the lake shore, where the lake promenade is today. Around the same time, the Orelli family took possession of part of the castle, which they restructured and expanded. Around 1400, the Duni family moved their residence from San Michele Castle down to the village, causing the castle to fall into disrepair. In the 17th century the dilapidated castle chapel was replaced by the church of San Michele .

Ascona and Ronco formed a single community until the 16th century. When the municipalities were separated at that time, Ascona has retained a strange-looking 100 m wide strip of beech forest that is around 1200 m above sea level. M. moves about 4 km to the west. The reason for this territorial claim at that time was the use of beech wood for charcoal burning . Traces of two charcoal piles can still be seen today, and the field name Carbonera also reminds of the former importance of this forest.

Ascona once belonged to Milan (see the main article → History of Milan ) and from 1403 and 1512 as Ennetbergische Vogtei to the Old Confederation . In the Helvetic Republic proclaimed in 1798 , Ascona belonged to the canton of Lugano , and since 1803 it has been a municipality of the newly founded canton of Ticino (see the main article → History of the canton of Ticino ).

The hill above Ascona, the Monte Verità , was of great cultural importance in the first half of the 20th century - especially between 1900 and 1920. There dropouts, life reformers and revolutionaries gathered and proclaimed free love, vegetarianism, anarchy and communitarian ideas in a unique mixture.

During the time of National Socialism, German refugees found refuge in Ascona. For example, the publicist Helene Stöcker , the sexologist Magnus Hirschfeld , the writers Ernst Toller and Max Barth and the journalist Dora Fabian lived there at the same time .

In the post-war period, the Dutchman Leo Kok made Libreria della Rondine Ascona a meeting place for artists and writers living in Ticino with his second-hand bookshop .

Today Ascona lives from tourism and accommodates around 20,000 to 25,000 holidaymakers in the summer season. In addition, the share of second homes was 52% in 2014, which according to Swiss law does not allow any new second homes.

population

Population development
year 1591 1801 1850 1900 1902 1910 1920 1950 1980 2000 2010 2019
Residents 1000 approx. 772 902 942 920 1153 1118 2923 4722 4984 5481 5497

In 2000, 66% of the population spoke Italian.

traffic

Local public transport is provided by the Ferrovie autolinee regionali ticinesi (FART) buses :

  • Bus no. 1 goes from Ascona to Locarno to Locarno train station and via Minusio to Tenero and back
  • Bus No. 316 connects Locarno with Ascona, Moscia, Porto Ronco and Brissago

At the end of the 1980s, a 1.1 kilometer long road tunnel was built under Monte Verità. Before that, the cars crossed downtown Ascones, which resulted in long traffic jams, especially during the holiday season. Today the cars drive through the tunnel past Ascona, the old riverside road serves as a pedestrian zone and local traffic.

The Ascona ship landing stage at Lungolago (Seeplatz) is operated from April to around mid-October by Navigazione Laghi (shipping on the entire Langensee, Italian company) and, since 2019, also by Società Navigazione del Lago di Lugano (local shipping on the Swiss part of the lake, Swiss Society) approached and served. The ships head east towards Locarno or southwest towards Porto Ronco, Isole Brissago, Brissago, Cannobio and Verbania.

Ascona ship landing stage

The Aerodromo Ascona sports airport, opened by Emanuele Bianda in 1947, was abandoned in 1997; the closest is now the Aeroporto cantonale di Locarno east of Locarno

Ascona is on the main road 13 , which begins at the German border at Trasadingen and leads to Brissago on the border between Switzerland and Italy.

Tourist Attractions

Wash basin on the lake promenade in Ascona

Ascona has a picturesque lake promenade that dates back to the 13th century, but only achieved its current shape as a result of landfills in the 20th century. Wash basins on the lake promenade, which were used for washing clothes well into the 20th century, have been preserved and signposted. The village image is classified in the inventory of protected sites in Switzerland (ISOS) as a site of national importance in Switzerland.

Santa Maria della Misericordia
Inner courtyard of the Collegio Papio

The most important sacred buildings are the parish church of Santi Pietro e Paolo and the church of Santa Maria della Misericordia .

  • Santi Pietro e Paolo is a three-aisled basilica with a polygonal choir. It is mentioned for the first time in 1264, was expanded in the 16th century and rebuilt in the 18th and 19th centuries. It contains three excellent paintings by Giovanni Serodine .
  • Santa Maria della Misericordia is a large, simple, single-nave building with a square choir and was built between 1399 and 1442; the towering tower dates from 1488. The church contains one of the most extensive fresco cycles of late Gothic in Switzerland.

The most important secular buildings in the town center are the town hall, the Casa Serodine and the Collegio Papio .

  • The town hall on the promenade was built in 1564 for Bartolomeo Papio, the founder of the college of the same name, and left to the community in 1580. The original façade with an arcade has been preserved facing the lake.
  • The Casa Serodine has a stucco ornate facade from the early 17th century , which is one of the most important in Switzerland. There are loggias in the inner courtyard.
  • The Collegio Papio was founded by Bartolomeo Papio on the personal use of Cardinal Karl Borromeo in 1584 and annexed to the church of Santa Maria della Misericordia between 1585 and 1620. It has one of the most beautiful Renaissance cloisters in Switzerland.

Of the four former castles, only the Castello dei Griglioni on the lake promenade still exists today . Considerable parts of the wall have been preserved from him and built into younger buildings (today a hotel). The Carcani tower, which was once also located on the lake promenade , was destroyed in the late Middle Ages, and the Castello di San Michele , elevated above the village, was partially demolished in the 17th century to make room for the church of San Michele; most of the remaining ruins were demolished in 1912. Of the original structure of the Castello di San Materno , located on the northern edge of the municipality and largely rebuilt in the 19th and early 20th centuries , only the remains of the Romanesque castle chapel have survived.

Casa dei Russi on Monte Verità

To the west of the town center is Monte Verità . Have survived from the time of former vegetarian and Naturistenkolonie the Casa Selma, the Casa Aida and Casa dei Russi - all Spartan-called "light-air huts" of 1901/1902 - and the Casa Anatta (1904 by Henri Oedenkoven ). The Albergo Monte Verità , built by Emil Fahrenkamp for Eduard von der Heydt in 1926/1928 by Emil Fahrenkamp for Eduard von der Heydt , is considered to be the most important witness of modern architecture in Ticino . Other important buildings of classical modernism in Ascona are the Teatro San Materno . (1927/1928 by Carl Weidemeyer for Charlotte Bara ), the Villa Chiara or Oppenheim (1934/1935 by Carl Weidmann) and the Villa Tuia (1960/1961 by Richard Neutra ).

Culture

Events

Sports

Ascona mini golf

The 18-hole golf course in Ascona is a member of a golf club founded in 1928. The course, built by British architects, is located in parkland near the lakeshore and has hosted international tournaments several times.

Minigolf Ascona was opened in 1954. The course is located in a park not far from the piazza and is the world's oldest standardized mini golf course .

During the European Football Championship in 2008 , the German national football team set up their team quarters in Ascona and traveled from Ascona to the respective venues. The team also made a guest appearance in Ascona for the 2016 European Football Championship and completed the preparations there.

Ascona has its own football club, the Ascona Football Club.

Personalities

Trivia

The Opel Ascona is named after the town of Ascona : Ascona A (1970–1975), Ascona B (1975–1981), Ascona C (1981–1988).

images

  • Church of Santi Pietro e Paolo in Ascona

  • Maggia Delta with Ascona in Lake Maggiore

  • View of Ascona from Lake Maggiore

  • Panorama of the waterfront

  • Ascona (front) and Locarno (back) on the Maggia Delta

  • Ascona promenade at night

literature

history

Art history

  • Yvonne Bölt and Maurizio Checchi: Ascona - Art and History. Edizioni Serodine, Ascona 1993.
  • Virgilio Gilardoni : I monumenti d'arte e di storia del Canton Ticino, volume II: L'alto Verbano I. Il circolo delle Isole (Ascona, Ronco, Losone e Brissago) (=  The art monuments of Switzerland. Volume 68). Edited by the Society for Swiss Art History SKG. Bern 1979, ISBN 3-7643-1117-7 .
  • Art guide through Switzerland. Completely re-edit Output. Edited by the Society for Swiss Art History. Volume 2. GSK, Bern 2005, ISBN 3-906131-96-3 , pp. 610-618.
  • Johann Rudolf Rahn : Ascona. In: I monumenti artistici del medio evo nel Cantone Ticino. Tipo-Litografia di Carlo Salvioni, Bellinzona 1894, pp. 5-14.
  • Marianne Werefkin: Impressions from Ascona. Galleria via Sacchetti, Ascona 1988.
  • Michela Zucconi-Poncini: Ascona (= Swiss Art Guide, Volume 744/745, Series 74). Edited by the Society for Swiss Art History (GSK). Bern 2003, ISBN 3-85782-744-0 .

Web links

Further content in the
sister projects of Wikipedia:

Commons-logo.svg Commons - Media content (category)
Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg Wikivoyage - Travel Guide

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ FSO Generalized Boundaries 2020 . For later parish mergers, heights are summarized based on January 1, 2020. Accessed May 17, 2021
  2. ↑ Generalized limits 2020 . In the case of later community mergers, areas will be combined based on January 1, 2020. Accessed May 17, 2021
  3. ↑ Regional portraits 2021: key figures for all municipalities . In the case of later municipal mergers, population figures are summarized based on 2019. Accessed May 17, 2021
  4. ↑ Regional portraits 2021: key figures for all municipalities . For later community mergers, the percentage of foreigners summarized based on the 2019 status. Accessed May 17, 2021
  5. ↑ a b Lexicon of Swiss municipality names . Edited by Center de Dialectologie at the University of Neuchâtel under the direction of Andres Kristol. Frauenfeld / Lausanne 2005, p. 102.
  6. ^ A b Rosanna Janke, Rodolfo Huber: Ascona. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland . August 25, 2009 .
  7. ^ Stefan Lehmann: Ascona Collina San Michele. 5000 years of history. Dadò, Locarno 2011. ISBN 978-88-8281-320-8 , pp. 24-110.
  8. ↑ See SwissTopo .
  9. ↑ Helene Stöcker: Memoirs. Edited by Reinhold Lütgemeier-Davin and Kerstin Wolff. Böhlau, Cologne 2015, p. 270.
  10. ↑ Community list with share of second homes. Building and dwelling statistics, special analysis GWS, BFS 2012, valid on January 1st, 2014. CATEF March 17th, 2015.
  11. ^ Ascona. In: Geographical Lexicon of Switzerland, first volume: Aa - Emmengruppe. Attinger Brothers, Neuchâtel 1902, p. 97 .
  12. ↑ Celestino Trezzini: Ascona. In: Historical-Biographical Lexicon of Switzerland. Attinger Brothers, Neuchâtel 1921, p. 455 .
  13. ↑ Rosanna Janke, Rodolfo Huber: Ascona. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland . August 25, 2009 , accessed February 5, 2020 .
  14. ↑ FART bus routes
  15. ↑ Navigazione Laghi on navigazionelaghi.it (accessed on March 15, 2017).
  16. ↑ Aerodromo di Ascona on ticinarte.ch (accessed on March 15, 2017).
  17. ↑ Niklaus Starck : Aerodromo Ascona - curious history - illustrious guests. Porzio, Breitenbach / Ascona 2012
  18. ↑ List of sites of national importance , directory on the website of the Federal Office of Culture (BAK), accessed on January 10, 2018.
  19. ^ Art guide through Switzerland. Edited by the Society for Swiss Art History. Volume 2. Bern 2005, pp. 610, 612.
  20. ↑ Parish Church of Santi Pietro e Paolo
  21. ^ Art guide through Switzerland. Edited by the Society for Swiss Art History. Volume 2. Bern 2005, p. 613 f.
  22. ^ Daniela Pace, Michela Zucconi-Poncini: The Church of S. Maria della Misericordia and the Collegio Papio in Ascona (=  Swiss Art Guide. No. 907, Series 91). Edited by the Society for Swiss Art History. Bern 2012, ISBN 978-3-03797-052-2 .
  23. ^ Church of Santa Maria della Misericordia and Collegio Papio
  24. ^ Renzo Dionigi: Church of Santa Maria della Misericordia, frescoes . Retrieved October 31, 2013.
  25. ↑ Ascona on the ETHorama platform
  26. ^ Art guide through Switzerland. Edited by the Society for Swiss Art History. Volume 2. Bern 2005, p. 612.
  27. ^ Art guide through Switzerland. Edited by the Society for Swiss Art History. Volume 2. Bern 2005, p. 612.
  28. ↑ Collegio Paio on ethorama.library.ethz.ch/de/node
  29. ^ Art guide through Switzerland. Edited by the Society for Swiss Art History. Volume 2. Bern 2005, p. 613 f.
  30. ^ Daniela Pace, Michela Zucconi-Poncini: The Church of S. Maria della Misericordia and the Collegio Papio in Ascona (=  Swiss Art Guide. No. 907, Series 91). Edited by the Society for Swiss Art History. Bern 2012, ISBN 978-3-03797-052-2 .
  31. ↑ a b Art guide through Switzerland. Edited by the Society for Swiss Art History. Volume 2. Bern 2005, p. 615.
  32. ^ Art guide through Switzerland. Edited by the Society for Swiss Art History. Volume 2. Bern 2005, p. 616.
  33. ^ Art guide through Switzerland. Edited by the Society for Swiss Art History. Volume 2. Bern 2005, p. 617 f.
  34. ↑ Ascona on the ETHorama platform
  35. ^ Art guide through Switzerland. Edited by the Society for Swiss Art History. Volume 2. Bern 2005, pp. 616, 618.
  36. ↑ Abgraphics Fine Art Print
  37. ^ Archivio Julius Bissier
  38. ↑ Collezione AcquestArte on ti.ch/decs/dcsu/osservatorio/risorse/
  39. ^ Fondazione Eranos
  40. ^ Museo comunale d'arte moderna Ascona - Fondazione Marianne Werefkin
  41. ^ Fondazione Rolf Gérard
  42. ^ I Musei di Ascona. Retrieved August 9, 2017 .
  43. ^ Museo comunale d'arte moderna Ascona
  44. ↑ Museo Epper at museums.ch/org/de/
  45. ^ La guerra del Golf on Eco di Locarno, May 11, 1991.
  46. ↑ Jubilee: 60 years of Minigolf Ascona - the world's first standardized course on minigolfascona.ch/documents (accessed on March 15, 2017).
  47. ↑ German Football Association : DFB team is preparing for the European Championship in Ascona
  48. ^ Football Club Ascona