Marguerite Duras

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Marguerite Duras (1993)

Marguerite Duras [ maʀgə'ʀit dy'ʀas ] (born April 4, 1914 in Gia Định near Saigon , Vietnam (then French Indochina ) as Marguerite Donnadieu ; † March 3, 1996 in Paris ) was a French writer, screenwriter and film director.

Life

Marguerite Donnadieu, daughter of a teacher couple, took the stage name Marguerite Duras after her father's family residence in the Lot-et-Garonne department . She grew up in poor conditions in Vietnam. The mother raised her and her two siblings alone and struggled with the consequences of a bad investment in rice fields in what is now Cambodia. Duras processed this experience in the novel Un barrage contre le Pacifique (1988, German Hot Coast ), first published in French in 1950 .

In 1931 Duras went to France to study mathematics, then law and political science in Paris. She worked with Philippe Roques for a re-strengthening of the French colonial empire, but then joined a Resistance group of booksellers from 1940 , which gave her access to rationed paper and also met the future French President François Mitterrand . Her husband Robert Antelme , who was also active in the Resistance, was arrested by the Gestapo and deported to the Dachau concentration camp . In 1985 Duras published the diary entries made during this time under the title La Douleur . In 1944 Duras joined the French Communist Party . She later protested the treatment of writers in the Soviet Union , which in 1950 led to her expulsion from the party. During her participation in the Resistance, Duras met Dionys Mascolo , who in 1947 became her second husband and father of her son, Jean (Outa, born 1947).

Just as her mother Marie Donnadieu was overwhelmed with the upbringing of her children Pierre, Paul and Marguerite, Marguerite Duras also had great difficulties in bringing up her son Jean, which led to the fact that her surroundings urged her to send Jean to boarding school.

Duras spent the last sixteen years of her life with the writer Yann Andréa (actually Yann Lemée), who was almost 40 years her junior . She dedicated the book Yann Andréa Steiner (1992) to him. Andréa himself dedicated several autobiographical works to his life with Duras, including MD (1983) and Cet amour-là from 1999 (2000, German This Love ), which was filmed in 2001 by Josée Dayan with Jeanne Moreau .

Act

Her first novel Les impudents (1943) was more or less overlooked by the public. However, her second work, Un barrage contre le Pacifique (1950), was a success and almost earned her the Prix ​​Goncourt . She finally achieved international fame in 1959 with the screenplay for the film Hiroshima, mon amour , which for the first time addressed the humiliation and ostracism of French women, which were still taboo until the 1990s and who were accused of so-called " horizontal collaboration ", primarily Love relationships with German occupation soldiers.

Her novels were always autobiographical , for example L'amant (1984, German The Lover ), for which she received the Prix ​​Goncourt in 1984 , or L'amant de la Chine du Nord (1991, German The Lover from Northern China) . In both works she described her turbulent childhood and her early love experiences in Indochina in the first half of the 20th century.

The author also worked for the theater and in 1965 wrote z. B. the drama La musica . In the 70s and early 80s of the 20th century she also appeared as a film director , not only bringing her own texts ( India Song , 1975; Les enfants , 1984) to the screen, but also independent works for the cinema produced (Le Camion , 1977). Duras' literary publications that appeared during this period were always related to her cinematic work - L'amant is the first “purely” literary publication after this phase.

Her language is characterized by a great simplicity in vocabulary and sentence structure , which is also characterized by numerous ellipses , allusions , unspoken things that are in the background, as well as fragmentary sentences. Your oeuvre cannot be assigned to any of the great literary movements of the 20th century.

In contrast to the tendency to regard Duras as a superficial writer because of the frequent repetition of motifs and topoi in her numerous books, Duras expresses herself in a short interview with Leslie Kaplan from 1988 about her own writing, but also gives her opinion on the alienated life again in modern times:

“Madness itself is forever open to the course of madness. ... Nothing is open to itself. ... I believe that the open creates a religious space in relation to itself. I'm part of the horror that makes it up, but I don't feel it. That could be a definition of the working class . The factory is a kind of airship, with the same air material inside and outside, but with a tiny difference. That difference is the infinity of the human being who makes cables nine hours a day without even realizing it. Like the poem, this thought comes from the ground of times, from a kind of fundamental repetition, that of life, from a kind of oceanic eternity that would be that of death, negated and grasped by time. "

This infinity of man was ultimately her theme.

Works

Novels

  • 1943: Les Impudents
  • 1944: La Vie tranquille
  • 1950: Un barrage contre le Pacifique
    • Hot Coast , German by Georg Goyert , Biederstein-Verlag Munich 1952.
  • 1952: Le Marin de Gibraltar
    • The Sailor of Gibraltar , German by Walter Tritsch, Holle-Verlag, Baden-Baden 1956
    • New translation: The Sailor of Gibraltar , German by Maria Dessauer; Suhrkamp, ​​Frankfurt am Main 1989, ISBN 3-518-40165-3 .
  • 1953: Les Petits Chevaux de Tarquinia
    • The little horses from Tarquinia , German by Walter Maria Guggenheimer; Suhrkamp, ​​Frankfurt am Main 1960
  • 1954: Des journées entières dans les arbres
    • Whole days in the trees , German by Elisabeth Schneider; Suhrkamp, ​​Frankfurt am Main 1964.
  • 1955: Le Square
    • Im Park , German by Andrea Spingler; Suhrkamp, ​​Frankfurt am Main 1987, ISBN 3-518-02677-1 .
  • 1958: Moderato cantabile
    • Moderato Cantabile , German by Leonharda Gescher and Walter Maria Guggenheimer; Suhrkamp, ​​Frankfurt am Main 1959.
  • 1960: Dix heures et demie du soir en été
  • 1962: L'Après-midi de Monsieur Andesmas
    • The afternoon of Mr. Andesmas , German by Walter Boehlich , Suhrkamp, ​​Frankfurt am Main 1963.
  • 1964: Le Ravissement de Lol V. Stein
    • The ecstasy of Lol V. Stein , German by Katharina Zimmer; Suhrkamp, ​​Frankfurt am Main 1966.
  • 1966: Le Vice-Consul
    • The Vice-Consul , German from Walter Maria Guggenheimer; Suhrkamp, ​​Frankfurt am Main 1967.
  • 1967: L'Amante Anglaise
    • The English Beloved , German by Regula Wyss; Stroemfeld / Roter Stern, Basel / Frankfurt am Main 1984, ISBN 3-87877-214-9 .
  • 1969: Détruire, dit-elle
    • Destroy, she says , in German by Walter Boehlich; Luchterhand, Berlin / Neuwied 1970.
  • 1970: Abahn Sabana David
    • Abahn Sabana David , German by Maria Dessauer; Suhrkamp, ​​Frankfurt am Main 1986, ISBN 3-518-02593-7 .
  • 1971: Ah! Ernesto
  • 1972: L'amour . 1970
  • 1980: Véra Baxter ou les plages de l'Atlantique
    • Véra Baxter or The Atlantic Beaches , German by Andrea Spingler; Suhrkamp, ​​Frankfurt am Main 1987, ISBN 3-518-11389-5 .
  • 1980: L'Homme assis dans le couloir ( short story)
    • The man in the hall , German by Elmar Tophoven; Brinkmann and Bose, Berlin 1982, ISBN 3-922660-07-X .
  • 1982: L'homme atlantique
    • Atlantik-Mann , German by Regula Wyss, Stroemfeld / Roter Stern, Basel / Frankfurt am Main 1985.
  • 1985: La Maladie de la mort (short story)
  • 1984: L'amant
  • 1985: La douleur
  • 1980: Les Yeux bleus, cheveux noirs
    • Blue eyes black hair , German by Maria Dessauer; Suhrkamp, ​​Frankfurt am Main 1987, ISBN 3-518-04437-0 .
  • 1986: La Pute de la côte normande
  • 1987: Emily L
    • Emily L. , German by Maria Dessauer; Suhrkamp, ​​Frankfurt am Main 1988, ISBN 3-518-40135-1 .
  • 1990: La Pluie d'été
    • Summer rain , German by Andrea Spingler; Suhrkamp, ​​Frankfurt am Main 1991, ISBN 3-518-40372-9 .
  • 1991: L'Amant de la Chine du Nord
    • The Lover from Northern China , German by Andrea Spingler; Suhrkamp, ​​Frankfurt am Main 1993, ISBN 3-518-38884-3 .
  • 1992: Yann Andréa Steiner
    • Yann Andréa Steiner , German from Andrea Spingler; Suhrkamp, ​​Frankfurt 2000, ISBN 3-518-39672-2 .
  • 1993: Écrire
    • Writing , German by Andrea Spingler; Suhrkamp, ​​Frankfurt am Main 1994, ISBN 3-518-40611-6 .

Stage plays

  • 1959: Les Viaducs de la Seine-et-Oise
  • 1963: Miracle en Alabama (after William Gibson , adapted by Marguerite Duras and Gérard Jarlot)
  • 1965: Théâtre I: Les Eaux et Forêts. Le Square. La Musica.
  • 1968: L'Amante Anglaise
  • 1968: Théâtre II: Suzanna Andler. The journées entières dans les arbres. Yes, peut-être. Le Shaga. Un homme est venu me voir.
  • 1977: India Song
    • India Song , German by Sigrid von Massenbach; Brinkmann and Bose, Berlin 1984, ISBN 3-922660-16-9 .
  • 1977: L'Éden Cinéma
    • Eden Cinema , German by Ruth Henry; Suhrkamp, ​​Frankfurt am Main 1978.
  • 1981: Agatha
    • Agatha , German from Regula Wyss; Stroemfeld / Roter Stern, Basel / Frankfurt am Main 1982, ISBN 3-87877-173-8 .
  • 1982: Savannah Bay
  • 1984: Théâtre III: La Bête dans la jungle (after Henry James , adapted by James Lord and Marguerite Duras). Les Papiers d'Aspern (after Henry James, adapted by Marguerite Duras and Robert Antelme ). La Danse de mort (after August Strindberg, adapted by Marguerite Duras).
  • 1985: La musica deuxième
    • La musica two , German by Simon Werle; Suhrkamp, ​​Frankfurt am Main 1989, ISBN 3-518-11408-5 .
  • 1991: Le Théâtre de l'amante anglaise
  • 1999: Théâtre IV: Vera Baxter. L'Éden Cinéma. Le Théâtre de l'amante anglaise. Home. La Mouette.
  • 2010: The Pain - German stage adaptation - Premiere: April 11, 2010, Kammertheater Stuttgart, staged and played by Corinna Harfouch

Anthologies

  • 1980: L'Été 80
  • 1981: Outside - Papiers d'un jour
  • 1987: La Vie matérielle - Marguerite Duras parle à Jérôme Beaujour
    • The daily life , German by Ilma Rakusa; Suhrkamp, ​​Frankfurt am Main 1988, ISBN 3-518-11508-1 .
  • 1987: Les Yeux verts
    • The green eyes: Texts on the cinema , German by Sigrid Vogt; Hanser, Munich / Vienna 1987, ISBN 3-446-14965-1 .
  • 1993: Le Monde extérieur - Outside 2
  • 1995: C'est tout
    • That's all , German by Andrea Spingler; Suhrkamp, ​​Frankfurt am Main 1996, ISBN 3-518-40792-9 .
  • 1996: La Mer écrite, textes d'après des photographies d'Hélène Bamberger
  • 1999: La Cuisine de Marguerite
  • 2006: Cahiers de la guerre et autres textes
    • War-time notebooks: Autobiographical notes and early stories, German by Anne Weber; Suhrkamp, ​​Frankfurt am Main 2007, ISBN 3-518-41924-2 .
  • 2010: La Beauté des nuits du monde, textes choisis et présentés by Laure Adler
  • 2014: Deauville la mort .

Filmography

Literary template

Screenplay (and, unless otherwise stated, also director)

  • 1959: Hiroshima, mon amour (Hiroshima mon amour) - directed by Alain Resnais
  • 1960: Even after a year and a day (Une aussi longue absence) - Director: Henri Colpi
  • 1965: The Moment of Peace (Les rideaux blancs) - First episode director: Georges Franju (first episode screenplay)
  • 1966: Mademoiselle - Directed by Tony Richardson (script based on a script by Jean Genet )
  • 1966: Half past ten on a summer night (10:30 PM Summer) - Director: Jules Dassin - based on the novel Dix heures et demie du soir en été
  • 1966: La Musica
  • 1966: Chimney No. 4 (La voleuse) - Director: Jean Chapot
  • 1969: Destroy, she says (Détruire, dit-elle)
  • 1971: Jaune le soleil
  • 1972: Nathalie Granger - also music - with Jeanne Moreau , Gérard Depardieu
  • 1975: India Song
  • 1976: Your name from Venice in the deserted Calcutta (Son nom de Venise dans Calcutta desert)
  • 1976: Whole days in the trees (Des journées entières dans les arbres) - based on the novel of the same name
  • 1977: Baxter, Vera Baxter
  • 1977: The truck (Le camion) - also actress
  • 1979: Le navire night
  • 1979: Césarée
  • 1979: Les mains negatives
  • 1979: Aurélia Steiner (Melbourne)
  • 1979: Aurélia Steiner (Vancouver)
  • 1981: Agatha ou les lectures illimittées
  • 1982: Dialogue de Rome
  • 1981: L'homme atlantique
  • 1984: Les Enfants - The Children (Les enfants)

Prizes and awards

See also

literature

Movies

  • Les lieux de Marguerite Duras . Documentary, France, written and directed by Michelle Porte
  • The Century of Marguerite Duras. (OT: Le siècle de Duras. ) Documentary, France, 2014, 52:40 min., Script and direction: Pierre Assouline , production: arte France, Cinétévé, Les Films du Carré, RTBF , INA , first broadcast: April 6, 2014 at arte, table of contents by arte.
  • This love (OT: Cet amour-là) . Film-biography, France, 2001, 95 min., Book: Yann Andréa, director: Josée Dayan , production: Le Studio Canal +, Les Films Alain Sarde, Studio Images 7, arte , summary by arte, u. a. with Jeanne Moreau as Marguerite Duras, review in artechock .
  • Marguerite Duras - writing. (OT: Marguerite Duras - Ecrire. ) Conversation, France, 1993, 43:50 min., Script and direction: Benoît Jacquot , production: INA , table of contents with audio passages by arte.

Web links

Commons : Marguerite Duras  - Collection of Images, Videos and Audio Files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Björn Hayer: The Ice Saints of Lovers | NZZ . March 29, 2014, ISSN  0376-6829 ( nzz.ch [accessed November 22, 2019]).
  2. ↑ Björn Hayer: The Ice Saints of Lovers | NZZ . March 29, 2014, ISSN  0376-6829 ( nzz.ch [accessed November 22, 2019]).
  3. ↑ The last companion of Marguerite Duras | NZZ . July 20, 2014, ISSN  0376-6829 ( nzz.ch [accessed November 22, 2019]).
  4. ↑ WRITER: your lover . In: Spiegel Online . tape 47 , November 19, 1984 ( spiegel.de [accessed November 22, 2019]).
  5. ↑ Using the estate
personal data
SURNAME Duras, Marguerite
BRIEF DESCRIPTION French writer, screenwriter and film director
DATE OF BIRTH April 4, 1914
PLACE OF BIRTH Gia Dinh, Vietnam
DATE OF DEATH March 3, 1996
Place of death Paris