Institut national de l'audiovisuel

The Institut national de l'audiovisuel (INA) is a French public company ( établissement public à caractère industriel et commercial , EPIC). The INA was the first digitized archive in Europe. Its mission is to collect, preserve and make publicly accessible all French radio and television productions, somewhat comparable to the mission of the Bibliothèque nationale de France (BnF) to archive written and printed documents of all kinds. Some of the INA's collections are accessible to the public free of charge on its website; the rest are subject to copyright restrictions .

history

Article 3 of the law of 7 August 1974 entrusted the Institut national de l'audiovisuel with the archiving, research and training for the production of audiovisual media. Its legal mandate has since been adapted and expanded several times.

assignment

Archive for audiovisual media and digital archive database

The INA collects, preserves, digitizes, restores and mediates the French radio and television archives from more than 70 years of radio programs and 60 years of television. With three million hours of recorded radio and television broadcasts and more than one million scanned documents, its collections are among the most important audiovisual holdings in the world. Features, television films, documentaries, news, sports and entertainment programs, conversations, radio plays, concerts are available to the public as a source for new productions, for repeat programs, for research and training and, last but not least, online.

The INA can acquire or take over private collections, store them and, if necessary, also take over their commercial exploitation, but its main tasks as defined by law remain:

• the professional archiving of French public radio and television since 1945 (laws from 1974, 1982, 1986 and 2000) with 1,400,000 documented hours (as of the end of 2006; 700,000 hours of which are each accounted for by radio and television broadcasts)

• the legally required deposit of deposit copies ( dépôt légal ) of all French radio and television programs. The archives of the «dépôt légal» may not be distributed, but can be used for research purposes.

To this end, INA continuously collects around 300,000 program hours annually and preserves and digitizes programs that would otherwise be threatened with disappearing. Because of the growing demand for image material in good quality and the deteriorating physical condition at the same time, around 500 hours of film, video and sound material have to be painstakingly restored every year using internally developed software.

By 2015 , the INA is to have digitized all of its archive holdings, which are threatened with ultimate disintegration, as part of a Plan de sauvegarde et de numérisation (PSN) from 1999. With a total inventory of around three million hours, around 835,000 hours are said to have been at risk, of which 600,000 hours of programming had been saved from "irrevocable destruction" by 2009.

The INA guarantees access for:

• Professional users : In order to facilitate the professional marketing of the archives nationally and internationally, the INA has started to develop its holdings thematically in addition to digitization. More than 300 corpus thématiques are available: politics, events, society, culture, performances, sport, personalities, etc. Since February 2004, the INA has been offering inamediapro.com, an audiovisual archive database available online. In 2005 this database received the Focal Award from the Federation of Commercial Audiovisual Libraries for the world's best image database.

• Scientific users : An online search is available on the Ina'Sup university institute website . Pôle européen des sciences et métiers de l'image et du son possible in all INA collections.

• Institutions and the general public : The INA makes its archives accessible for educational and cultural purposes and for this purpose enters into partnerships and collaborations. Access is made even easier by thematic portals or special online offers.

Research and development in image and sound processing

From the beginning, the INA has been intensively involved in research into synthetic image generation, especially for the French animation industry. The institute launched the annual Imagina trade fair in Monaco in 1982 and organized a meeting for digital imaging until 2000.

The main part of the research capacity is for the collection, restoration, backup and storage of audiovisual recordings. The INA is working on the development of systems for the classification and evaluation of multimedia content, techniques of image marking and navigation tools for searching in image archives. To this end, INA works with public and private companies (e.g. CEA , France Télécom , Thomson , Thales Group ), universities, and French and international research institutions. From February 2004 the institute coordinated the European research project Prestospace for the provision of technical solutions and integrated systems for a complete digital backup of all types of audiovisual collections. The INA is or was also involved in the IT competence center Île-de-France Cap Digital , the Internet portal Europeana and the short-lived Franco-German search engine project Quaero .

The INA's Groupe de recherches musicales (GRM) researches, creates and preserves acoustic recordings and electronic music .

Production and publication of audiovisual and multimedia programs

The INA produces and publishes audiovisual and multimedia programs for national and international media. In the first 30 years of its existence, the institute has produced more than 2,000 works (approx. 1,800 hours of programming), 1,500 of which were broadcast on television and 200 as films at international festivals. Many in-house productions (or co-productions) deal with historical personalities ( Dante ), politicians ( Moi, Fidel Castro ), scientists ( Claude Lévi-Strauss ) or artists ( Marc Chagall ), historical events ( La saga des immigrés , Une histoire de langue française ) or social issues ( Grandir au collège ).

Since April 27, 2006, the general public has had access to more than 100,000 radio and television programs via download or DVD . The offer is growing by 5,000 hours a year and is also made subject-centered, e.g. B.

• since October 2006 with the Apprendre projects with videos for school lessons on subjects such as music, cinema, history, culture and with Jalons pour l'histoire du temps présent , online media libraries in the field of pedagogy and lesson planning , which are jointly organized with the Ministère de l ' Éducation nationale were developed.

• since 2007 with the project Les présidentielles (The presidential elections) on French politics since 1946 (elections, candidates, topics and debates), with the Chroniques d'un festival project to mark 60 years of the Cannes International Film Festival and with the Place aux chansons project on French Chanson

• since 2008 with the project Charles de Gaulle - paroles publiques , with the project May 68, la révolution en images on the 40th anniversary of May 68 and with the project Europe des cultures on European culture.

• since 2009 with the Repères Méditerranéens project on the history of the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region and with the elles @ centrepompidou project on the artists in the collections of the Center Pompidou

The INA is the publisher or co-editor of audio or video collections that document important radio or television events. The radio collection Ina mémoire vive offers important performances of classical music as well as speeches, lectures, lectures by or conversations with personalities such as André Malraux , Pierre Mendès France , Georges Pompidou and Michel Foucault . There are collections of important programs from the television sector: B. under the co-editing of Gallimard Les grands entretiens de Bernard Pivot, recordings of conversations between the French "literary pope " Pivot and Marguerite Yourcenar , Julien Green , Marguerite Duras , Françoise Dolto and Albert Cohen . A collection humoristique is dedicated to programs such as the Shadoks or Bonne nuit les petits (the French counterpart to Our Sandman ).

Training center for audiovisual and information technology

The INA is one of the most important European training centers for professional image and sound processing. Since October 2007, the institute has offered a university degree in “Marketing and Distribution in the European Audiovisual Economy” ( Marketing et distribution dans l'industrie audiovisuelle européenne ) or a Master’s degree at Ina'Sup , the university for audiovisual and digital technology “Multimedia creation and production” ( Création et production multimédiale ). Since 2010 it has also been possible to complete vocational training as a “ multimedia documentary ”.

International cooperation

As a pioneer in the field of digitization, INA advises companies and institutions in other countries on the maintenance of their audiovisual archives. Solidarity actions are helping Afghanistan and Cambodia to reconstruct their audiovisual heritage.

The institute is a member of the Fédération Internationale des Archives de Télévision / International Federation of Television Archives ( FIAT / IFTA ), an international organization that brought together almost 180 television archives from 70 countries and launched an international appeal in 2004 for the preservation of the audiovisual world heritage.

The INA archives

Most of INA's holdings are kept in the center in Les Essarts-le-Roi , Yvelines department . Altogether more than 2.5 million archive hours of audiovisual material from more than 60 years are recorded, divided into 6 large collections:

Film collection ( le fonds cinéma )

• the weekly newsreel Actualités Françaises was shown in French cinemas between 1940 and 1969 and shows, among other things, the Third Reich and the Vichy regime's view of military operations, everyday life in occupied France and the invasion .

• the reports of the magazine Ici la France about the Forces françaises libres ( FFL ) as well as film recordings of the Allies in London , in Africa , in the Middle East , in Corsica and in North Africa between 1940 and 1944.

• the collection of the Coopérative générale du cinéma français with 18 films produced between 1944 and 1963 (12 documentaries and 6 feature films, including La Bataille du rail ( Rail Battle ) by René Clément from 1946).

National television archive ( le fonds national de télévision )

• National news («Actualités» collection): news programs, political programs, information magazines, reports, sports magazines, from the first days of the Office de Radiodiffusion Télévision Française to the present day. E.g .: the first French television news from the journalist Pierre Sabbagh on June 26, 1949.

• the "Production" collection: nationwide broadcasts of everything from the first days of the Office de Radiodiffusion Télévision Française to the present day: TV films, series, feature books, documentaries, entertainment programs, games, cartoons, cultural or social magazines, sporting events, theatrical performances, concerts as well as INA's own productions or co-productions from 1975 onwards. For example: the first coverage of the Tour de France , the first discussion programs ( Problème de gouvernement , Liberté de l'esprit ), the speeches by General de Gaulle , as well as political magazines ( À armes égales ) or reports ( Cinq colonnes à la une ). Innovative programs from 1970–1980 such as the rock music program Chorus and well-known series from 1980–1990 such as the literary program Apostrophes , the entertainment program Champs-Élysées or the sports programs Stade 2 and Téléfoot are also preserved.

National Broadcasting Archive ( le fonds radio )

The first radio recordings date back to 1933 (speeches and speeches by public figures such as Léon Blum , Paul Reynaud , Édouard Daladier ). 4,000 sound recordings from the time of the Second World War are stored from broadcasting stations in Paris ( zone occupée , German occupied area ), Vichy ( zone libre ) or from abroad ( Resistance broadcasters ). Shipments from the post-war period were also kept, e.g. B. Conversations with artists such as ( André Breton , Paul Claudel , Giono ), concerts by the Orchester national du Théâtre des Champs-Élysées , entertainment and cultural programs ( Rendez-vous à cinq heures , Dimanche dans un fauteuil , Radioscopie , Les grandes enquêtes ) .

Since 1975, the collection has been expanded daily to include programs from Radio France , France Culture , France Inter and France Musique .

Advertising archive ( Le fonds publicité )

Since 2009, the INA has made 200,000 commercials available online on its website . This website is based on models such as Dailymotion and YouTube with the definition of certain categories, space for comments, and classifications such as “the most frequently viewed spots”. The collection includes all French television spots since the first commercial broadcast on October 1, 1968. It should document the development of advertising techniques, customs, consumer habits, the position of women, clothing fashion, etc.

Image archive ( le fonds photo )

The archive contains around 1.5 million photographs since the 1950s, documenting the beginnings of French television at a time when there were only live broadcasts and no recordings or archives: reports on the shooting , the work of the technicians, directors and Artists, portraits of personalities and reports on everyday life in France between 1961 and 1974. In November 2010, the INA made this collection available to the public on a website.

Regional Archives ( les fonds régionaux )

Six regional branches preserve the broadcasts of the public regional radio and television programs. Each branch utilizes an average of 50,000 hours of archive (radio and television), with the oldest dating back to the 1950s.

• Ina Nord : established in 1982 in Lille , covers the regions of Nord-Pas-de-Calais , Picardie , Basse et Haute-Normandie (10 departments): mining, heavy and textile industry, Eurotunnel , personalities from the region such as Pierre Mauroy , Jacques Brel , Annie Cordy ...

• Ina Méditerranée : established in 1982 in Marseille , the regions recorded Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur and Corsica (8 departments): le cinéma, the International Film Festival of Cannes , the Festival of Avignon , l' Olympique de Marseille (OM), Portraits by Edmonde Charles-Roux , Gaston Defferre ...

• Ina Pyrénées : established in Toulouse in 1984 , covers the regions of Midi-Pyrénées , Languedoc-Roussillon and Aquitaine (18 departments): aeronautics and space, the Canal du Midi , rugby , bullfighting ...

• Ina Center Est : established in 1993 in Lyon , covers the regions of Rhône-Alpes , Auvergne , Burgundy and Franche-Comté (20 departments): the Rhone , Olympique Lyon (OL), gastronomy, mountains ...

• Ina Grand Est : established in Strasbourg in 1994 , covers the regions of Alsace , Lorraine and Champagne-Ardenne (10 departments): shipments in Alsatian , Europe ...

• Ina Atlantique : established in 1997 in Rennes , covers the regions of Brittany , Pays de la Loire , Poitou-Charentes and Limousin (16 departments): ocean, ports, fishing, islands, lighthouses ...

Collection of deposit copies (le fonds du dépôt légal)

• Terrestrial TV : TF1 , France 2 , France 3 , Canal + , M6 , Arte , France 5 . From January 1, 1995 to January 1, 2002, French premieres as well as a selection of television magazines , games and sports programs were archived. For each of these years, the complete program was also recorded on 7 days for each station. Since January 1, 2002, all programs have been completely recorded.

• Cable and satellite television : 12 channels have been recorded since January 1st, 2002: Canal J , Canal Jimmy , Euronews , Eurosport , LCI , MCM , Paris Première , Planète , RTL9 , Série Club , TMC , TV5 Monde . 22 additional channels have been recorded since September 1, 2003: 13ème rue , AB Moteurs , Animaux , La Chaîne météo , Chasse et Pêche , demain.TV , Encyclopédia , Equidia , Escales , Festival , Fun TV , Histoire , La chaîne parlementaire and Public Sénat , Mangas , Mezzo , RFM TV , Seasons , Sport + , Télétoon , Téva , Toute l'Histoire .

• Digital television (TNT) : since March 2005 the unencrypted channels of Direct 8 , NT1 , NRJ 12 , France 4 , W9 and TMC have been recorded; I-Télé , Europe 2 TV , Gulli and BFM TV have also been archivedsince October 2005.

• Music Video Archive : Collection of 3,500 music videos first broadcast in France after January 1, 1995.

• Television commercials : commercials first broadcast in France after January 1, 1995; approx. 10,000 documents annually.

• Archives of the service d'observation des programs : the 67,500 documents summarized record of the national terrestrial programs from 1986 to 2001 for TF1 , France 2 and France 3 ; from 1992 to 2001 also for Canal + , Arte and M6.

• Radio archive : since January 1st 1995 the 5 programs of Radio France ( France Inter , France Musique , France Culture , France Info and France Bleu ) have been completely recorded. As of January 1, 2001, the collecting activity was extended to Radio France Internationale (RFI), private broadcasters and national themed broadcasters. There are 11 channels: Europe 1 , RTL (France) , RMC , Virgin Radio , Fun Radio , RTL II , NRJ , Chérie FM , Nostalgie , RFM , Skyrock .

• Print media : a collection of individual works, magazines, reports, doctoral and other scientific papers, program lists, press dossiers and reports.

Others

• Ina's oldest document dates from 1891: a voice recording by Gustave Eiffel .

• The following countries have comparable radio and television archives: USA , Denmark , Finland , Norway , Hungary , Iceland , Sweden and the United Kingdom .

• Loss of archives: on the show Jeux d'archives ( France Culture , March 31, 2007) the Tunisian writer and director William Karel reported that certain audiovisual recordings and notes relating to General de Gaulle or the Algerian war were not at the INA more can be found

Web links

• INA: Institute's video site
• INA: Homepage of the institute
• INA: Institute's web shop
• INA: Inamediapro.com The institute's archives
• INA: Photo.ina.fr Photo collection of the institute
• INA: Ina Sup European University Institute for Image and Sound Sciences and Professions
• INA: Groupe de Recherche Musicale of the institute
• INA: Ina Global Revue of the creative and media industries
• INA: Médiamorphoses , magazine published 3 times a year by INA between January 2001 and October 2008 with numerous comments and analyzes by French scientists and media representatives on current developments in the information society

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Interview of April 28, 2006 by the French Internet magazine LeJournalduNet with Emmanuel Hoog, the former director general of the INA (2001–2010), (last checked on August 27, 2011)
2. ↑ Direction de l'information légale et administrative (DILA; Information Department of the French Prime Minister): Chronologie de la politique de l'audiovisuel (last checked on August 25, 2011)
3. ^ Jérôme Bouteiller: "La culture est trop précieuse pour être abandonnée à un moteur de recherche." Interview with Emmanuel Hoog with the French business magazine L'Expansion , on September 23, 2009 and Nathalie Silbert / Jean-Christophe Feraud: "Il ne faut pas avoir peur de Google, mais du monopole" , Les Échos , September 25, 2009 (most recently checked on August 27, 2011)
4. ↑ Service professionnel d'accès aux archives de l'Institut national de l'audiovisuel (last checked on August 25, 2011)
5. ↑ Federation of Commercial Audiovisual Libraries International: The Focal International Awards 2005 (last checked on August 25, 2011)
6. ↑ Ina'Sup: Catalog des fonds audiovisuels ( Memento of the original from August 29, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (last checked on August 25, 2011) 
7. ↑ Imagina. The European 3D Simulation and Virtual Technology Event ( Memento of the original from October 20, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (last checked on August 25, 2011) 
8. ↑ PrestoSpace ( Memento of the original from February 18, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (last checked on August 27, 2011) 
9. ↑ now a purely French economic development project, s. Business agency of the Paris region: Cap digital  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
10. ↑ INA: Apprendre ( Memento of the original dated August 31, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (last checked on August 25, 2011) 
11. ↑ INA: Jalons pour l'histoire du temps présent (last checked on August 25, 2011)
12. ↑ INA: Chronicle of the Festival de Cannes ( Memento of the original from May 14, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (last checked on August 25, 2011) 
13. ↑ INA: 50 years of hits on French television ( memento of the original from June 25, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (last checked on August 25, 2011) 
14. ↑ INA: Public speeches by General de Gaulle ( Memento of the original from January 18, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (last checked on August 25, 2011) 
15. ↑ INA: Pictures of the events of May 1968 in France and the rest of the world ( Memento of the original from March 24, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (last checked on August 25, 2011) 
16. ↑ INA: 50 artistic creation and cultural life in the 27 countries of the European Union (last checked on August 25, 2011)
17. ^ INA: 50 years of art, culture, economy, politics, landscape in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region (last checked on August 25, 2011)
18. ↑ INA: Artists in the collections of the Center Pompidou  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (last checked on August 25, 2011)  
19. ↑ FIAT / IFTA 2004 FÉDÉRATION INTERNATIONALE DES ARCHIVES DE TÉLÉVISION / INTERNATIONAL FEDERATION OF TELEVISION ARCHIVES (FIAT / IFTA): International Appeal for the Preservation of the World Audiovisual Heritage. - December 13, 2004
20. ↑ L'Humanité of June 25, 2009: "La démocratisation du savoir"
21. ↑ Matthieu Dailly: "L'Ina.fr s'étoffe en mode" Dailymotion "" , June 26, 2009 on the online magazine Clubic.com (last checked on August 27, 2011)
22. ↑ INA photoservice.com ( Memento of the original dated August 24, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (last checked on August 27, 2011) 
23. ↑ France Culture: Jeux d'archives: William Carel (last checked on August 27, 2011)