Oskar-Helene-Heim
The Oskar-Helene-Heim was one of the largest private orthopedic institutions for children and young people. It was located on Clayallee , about 300 meters south of the Oskar-Helene-Heim underground station, which opened in 1929, in the Berlin district of Dahlem . The name is reminiscent of the two generous patrons , the industrialist Oskar Pintsch and his wife Helene .
Founded in 1905 as an association on the initiative of Konrad Biesalski and supported by countless small and large donations from Berlin families, the Oskar-Helene-Heim has developed into a center for modern care for people with physical disabilities with extensive facilities and dormitories for the physically handicapped. It was internationally groundbreaking and was to achieve world fame in the decades that followed. At the Oskar-Helene-Heim, techniques of spinal column and neurosurgery that are still practiced today were tested for the first time . Thanks to the work of the doctor Kurt Huldschinsky , who practiced here , the poverty-stricken disease rickets lost its horror when he discovered that it could be cured by irradiating the skin with UV light . After almost 100 years of existence, the Oskar-Helene-Heim closed its doors in 2000. Despite massive protests, the traditional company fell victim to the savings in healthcare. The name Oskar-Helene-Heim continues as a registered association . The emptied institution building served as a film set for ten years. A residential and health location for 130 million euros was built on the Oskar-Helene-Heim site between 2012 and 2014. A ring road on the site was named Oskar-Helene-Park .
history
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From the foundation to the twenties
Konrad Biesalski , head of the orthopedic department and the X-ray station at the municipal " Hospital Am Urban ", recognized the social problems of the physically handicapped who received no orthopedic treatment and therefore remained in their so-called "cripple". With his statistical surveys he hoped to sensitize larger groups to be particularly involved in the healing and education of children and young people. Biesalski ran a private orthopedic clinic called "Krüppel-, Heil- und Erziehungsanstalt für Berlin-Brandenburg" , which, with an attached school and workshop, prepared the young patients for a self-determined life. Previously viewed as an object of church relief for the poor, he saw the possibilities of rehabilitation for the physically handicapped. Thanks to his personal commitment, Helene Pintsch , the socially committed wife of the industrialist Oskar Pintsch , got enthusiastic about his plans. The aim was to create a common home for the roughly 3,500 Berlin and 6,500 Brandenburg children.
On November 27, 1905, Helene Pintsch and Konrad Biesalski founded the "Krüppelkinder-Heil- und Welfare-Verein für Berlin-Brandenburg" in the house of the Pintsch couple . The generous financial support of half a million gold marks by Oskar Pintsch through the "Oskar Pintsch Foundation for the Promotion of Cripple Welfare" enabled the construction of the sanatorium to begin. Until 1908 women were actually forbidden from running the business of an association. However, since they did not want to do without Helene Pintsch's money, the Ministry of Spiritual, Educational and Medical Matters gave her permission to act as the chairwoman of the association. The inauguration of the “Oskar-Helene-Heim for the healing and education of frail children” was celebrated on May 27, 1914 in the presence of the German Empress Auguste Viktoria . In the following decades, under the medical direction of Biesalski and the responsible educational director, Hans Würtz, it would achieve world fame and become the forerunner of a rehabilitation clinic as it is today. At first, however, Biesalski propagated since the beginning of the First World War a “mobilization of cripple welfare” by converting the homes for physically handicapped children into orthopedic hospitals. He dictated a letter to the cabinet secretary of the Empress Auguste Viktoria, which he had distributed via Wolff's Telegraphic Bureau , the best-known semi-official news agency at the time. In the bogus telegram, the Empress allegedly instructed all “cripple homes” to “take over the orthopedic follow-up treatment of the wounded” and “to return the seriously injured to professional employment”. In the first months of the war, a military hospital was set up on the site of the Oskar-Helene-Heim and in 1918 a special department for the disabled .
The orthopedic technician Fischer developed an artificial hand (" Fischer hand "), a prosthesis that should enable countless war invalids to lead an independent life and a new job. In 1922 the extensive site was expanded considerably. With 300 beds, the Oskar-Helene-Heim was one of the largest private orthopedic institutions for children and young people.
During the National Socialism
After Helene Pintsch, the long-time chairwoman of the association, died in 1923 and Konrad Biesalski died in 1930, Hans Würtz was forced to leave the Oskar-Helene-Heim in 1933. In 1932 he dared to list Joseph Goebbels in his book “Zerbrecht die Krücken” in the list of famous cripples . On charges of unfaithfulness and wasting donations from the Oskar-Helene-Heim, he was sentenced to one year imprisonment with probation and he left Germany, warned of new attacks. The board of the home resigned and the later Reich Health Leader Leonardo Conti declared himself chairman of the association. In 1937 the sponsoring association made the Oskar-Helene-Heim available to the Prussian state for research and teaching. As the “Orthopedic University Clinic of the Charité and training center for the physically handicapped”, it lost its function as a home for physically handicapped children. Under the direction of the SS doctor-general Lothar Kreuz , the children were gradually released and the institution soon served exclusively military purposes. In 1939 a reserve hospital was set up, to which a special ward for "no-hands" was attached. This was followed by the opening of a forest house with fifty beds for adults and thirty for children in 1941. In 1943 the clinic was evacuated in good time because fifty percent of the “OHH” was destroyed by fire bombs in 1945.
post war period
Comprehensive reconstruction began immediately after the end of the war. The association received an emergency board and was administered by the American occupation forces. In 1946 it was handed over to the trusteeship of the City of Berlin's magistrate. After the re- constitution under the name “Verein Oskar-Helene-Heim Berlin-Zehlendorf eV (Association for Help for the Physically Disabled, founded by Konrad Biesalski (1905))”, clinical, school and workshop operations were gradually resumed. In 1954 the "OHH" became the "Orthopedic University Clinic of the Free University of Berlin" . Numerous extensions followed in the 1950s, including a special ward for the severely disabled in 1955, a pavilion for play and occupational therapy in 1957, the construction of the hydrotherapy facility and the completion of the new building for the children's ward in 1960.
In 1966 it was decided to found the "Oskar-Helene-Heim Foundation". The assets were transferred from the association to the foundation in the following year, and the association will continue to operate as a funding organization.
In 1976 the Center for Replantation of Severed Limbs for Berlin was set up in the Oskar-Helene-Heim , in 1980 the foundation stone was laid for the new operating theater building, which was gradually put into operation in 1983/1984 with the various areas. In 1989 the construction of the Sports Medicine Center for the care and advice of amateur and disabled athletes, including high-performance athletes, began (opened in 1995). In 1990 the Institute for Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy and Diving Medicine (IHTM) went into operation and in 1991 a department for Psychosomatic Orthopedics was opened.
In 2000 the “Orthopedic University Clinic Oskar-Helene-Heim” merged with the communal hospital Zehlendorf (Behring Hospital and Lung Clinic Heckeshorn ) to form the “Central Clinic Emil von Behring” . The clinic location was relocated from Clayallee to the premises of the Behring Hospital in Walterhöferstrasse in Zehlendorf. At the previous location in Clayallee, an outpatient health facility was built as a new building. Facilities with a focus on orthopedics are being created in four houses. This was preceded by massive protests by hospital staff and unsuccessful negotiations with the Berlin Senate to keep the Oskar-Helene-Heim as an independent orthopedic clinic. In 2004 the foundation hospital was spun off into a GmbH in the interests of securing the long-term economic security of an efficient hospital operation. By way of a strategic partnership that will HELIOS Kliniken GmbH involved in this GmbH - the Foundation is co-partner. Since then, the clinic has been called “HELIOS Clinic Emil von Behring” . The foundation has ceased business activities and focuses on promoting science and research in the field of medicine.
Association chairperson
- 1905–1923: Helene Pintsch
- 1923–1933: Privy Councilor Conze
- 1933-1945: Leonardo Conti
- 1945–1947: Attorney Degenhardt and Pastor Hagen, (emergency board)
- 1947–1953: Konsistorialrat Gefaeller
- 1953-1960: Ebel
- 1960–1966: Senate Director Schröder
- 1966–1988: Harro Würtz, son of the former education director Hans Würtz
- 1988–1994: Günter Friedebold
- 1994–1999: Peter Biesalski, son of the club's founder Konrad Biesalski
- from 1999: Angela S. Röschmann
literature
- A. Jüttemann: 100 years of Oskar-Helene-Heim - an obituary . Journal of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery 152 (2014), pp. 572-576.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c One million gold marks for cripples , Berliner Zeitung of November 26, 2005, accessed on January 5, 2013
- ↑ New plans for the former orthopedic clinic , Berliner Morgenpost from January 5, 2012, accessed on January 5, 2013
- ↑ a b Foundation Oskar-Helene-Heim , accessed on January 5, 2013
- ↑ Philipp Osten: First World War 1914–1918: “No benefit, but work for crippled warriors” . Dtsch Arztebl 2014; 111 (42): A 1790-4, pdf 537 kB [1]
- ↑ http://www.tagesspiegel.de/berlin/bezirke/zehlendorf/der-report-vom-bau-boom-an-der-clayallee-willkommen-in-neu-zehlendorf/10095908.html
- ^ A b Association Oskar-Helene-Heim Berlin-Zehlendorf eV , accessed on January 5, 2013
Coordinates: 52 ° 26 ′ 51.5 ″ N , 13 ° 16 ′ 3 ″ E