Alfredo Ildefonso Schuster

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Alfredo Ildefonso Cardinal Schuster
Cardinal Schuster coat of arms

Alfredo Ildefonso Cardinal Schuster OSB , also Ildefons Schuster OSB (born January 18, 1880 in Rome , Italy , as Alfred Alois Schuster ; † August 30,  1954 in Venegono Inferiore , Province of Varese ), was a Benedictine monk , Archbishop of Milan and is a Blessed of the Catholic Church.

Life

Alfredo Ildefonso Schuster, whose ancestors came from Bavaria and South Tyrol came, came in 1898 in the Roman Benedictine Abbey of St. Paul Outside the Walls and laid in 1900 the religious profession from. His father Johann, who was born to Pustertal parents in Deggendorf in Lower Bavaria, was a tailor and headed the military tailoring of the Vatican, his mother Anna Maria, née Tutzer, came from Ritten near Bozen . Alfredo Ildefonso Schuster studied in Rome Catholic theology and received on 19 March 1904, the sacrament of Holy Orders . In the monastery of St. Paul Outside the Walls he was novice master from 1908 to 1916 and prior from 1916 until he was elected abbot of Abbatia nullius St. Paul in 1918. From 1914 to 1929 he was also General Procurator of the Benedictine Congregation of Monte Cassino and from 1919 to 1922 President of the Pontifical Oriental Institute. In 1920 he revitalized the Farfa monastery with a new community.

On June 26, 1929, Pope Pius XI appointed him . Archbishop of Milan and accepted him before his episcopal ordination , on July 15, 1929, as a cardinal priest with the titular church Santi Silvestro e Martino ai Monti in the cardinals college.

The Pope personally donated his episcopal ordination on July 21 of the same year. Co- consecrators were the papal almsman Carlo Cremonesi and the papal sacristan and vicar general for the Vatican City , Bishop Agostino Zampini OESA .

Alfredo Ildefonso Schuster believed that fascism could be Christianized and supported Mussolini's war of conquest against the Empire of Ethiopia . On the other hand, he was a sponsor of the Amici Israel priestly work as early as 1928 and later also a member of this community with the aim of reconciliation between Jews and Christians. He turned against anti-Semitism at an early age and lost his illusions in relation to fascism at the latest when the fascist racial laws were passed , which followed the Nuremberg Laws in 1938. He condemned this with the words: "An international danger no less than Bolshevism is so-called racism". In April 1945 he unsuccessfully offered himself as a mediator between Mussolini and the German command on the one hand and the partisans and allies on the other in order to prevent a civil war. After the war, from 1952 to 1953, he was the first chairman of the newly established Italian Bishops' Conference.

Alfredo Ildefonso Schuster was buried in the Cathedral of Milan . The diocesan process for his beatification was initiated in 1957 by his successor Cardinal Giovanni Battista Montini, who later became Pope Paul VI. , opened. Pope John Paul II beatified Schuster on May 12, 1996.

He was a Grand Cross Knight of the Order of the Knights of the Holy Sepulcher in Jerusalem .

Science and Pastoral Care

Ildefons Schuster was an important liturgist and as such a consultor to various Vatican dicasteries . Even as archbishop he continued the life of a monk . He made particular contributions to pastoral work in the city (“city apostle”) and in the reconstruction of his diocese of Milan after the Second World War .

Works

  • Liber sacramentorum. Historical and liturgical studies on the Roman missal. 10 volumes. Translated by Richard Bauersfeld. Pustet, Regensburg 1929–1932.
  • Sant'Ambrogio e le più antiche basiliche milanesi. Note di archeologia cristiana. Vita e pensiero, Milan 1940.
  • Il libro della preghiera antica. 4 volumes. Ancora, Milan 1943–1944.

literature

  • Il Cardinale Ildefonso cobbler. Cenni biografici. Abbazia di Viboldone, Viboldone 1954.
  • Giovanni Judica Cordiglia: Il mio cardinale. Istituto di propaganda libraria, Milan 1955.
  • Benedikt Baur : Cardinal Ildefons Schuster. A picture of life (= die and become. Vol. 5, ZDB -ID 2669482-7 ). St. Gabriel-Verlag, Mödling near Vienna 1961.
  • Ines Belski Lagazzi: Il Cardinale Schuster (= Biography di contemporanei. Vol. 41). Paoline, Modena 1965.
  • Tommaso Leccisotti : Il Cardinale Schuster. 2 volumes. sn, Milan 1969.
  • Giorgio Basadonna: Cardinal Shoemaker. Un monaco vescovo nella dinamica Milano (= Testimoni di Ieri e di Oggi. Vol. 18). Paoline, Milan 1996, ISBN 88-315-1190-4 .
  • Hubert Wolf : Pope & the devil. The Archives of the Vatican and the Third Reich. 2nd, revised edition. Ch.Beck, Munich 2009, ISBN 978-3-406-57742-0 , pp. 105 ff., 110 f., 120, 124, 126, 130 f., 140, 261.

Web links

Commons : Alfredo Ildefonso Schuster  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Alfredo Ildefonso Schuster. Retrieved September 9, 2019 .
  2. ↑ Thomas Brechenmacher: The Vatican and the Jews: History of an unholy relationship from the 16th century to the present . CH Beck, 2005, ISBN 978-3-406-52903-0 , pp. 155 .
  3. ↑ Short curriculum vitae of Cardinal Schuster. Retrieved September 9, 2019 .
  4. ↑ Blessed Alfred Ildefons Cardinal Schuster. August 30, 2018, accessed on September 9, 2019 (German).
predecessor Office successor
Giovanni del Papa Abbot of Saint Paul Outside the Walls
1918–1929 		Ildebrando Vannucci
Eugenio Cardinal Tosi Archbishop of Milan
1929–1954 		Giovanni Battista Cardinal Montini
--- Chairman of the Italian Bishops' Conference
1952–1953 		Adeodato Giovanni Cardinal Piazza OCD
personal data
SURNAME Schuster, Alfredo Ildefonso
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Schuster, Alfred Ildefons
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Italian clergyman, Archbishop of Milan and Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church
DATE OF BIRTH January 18, 1880
PLACE OF BIRTH Rome , Italy
DATE OF DEATH August 30, 1954
Place of death Venegono Inferiore , Varese Province