Heinrich Nauen

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Heinrich Nauen (born June 1, 1880 in Krefeld , † November 26, 1940 in Kalkar ) was a German painter.

Beehives in the garden , 1906

Heinrich Nauen is considered to be one of the most important representatives of " Rhenish Expressionism ". His rich work includes paintings, watercolors, drawings and prints, as well as monumental wall paintings, mosaics and handicrafts.

Life

Origin and education

Heinrich Nauen came from a family of bakers in Krefeld . His parents were Heinrich Franz Nauen and Adelgunde Louise geb. Moors. Early on he developed the desire to become a painter.

In 1898 he was accepted at the Düsseldorf Art Academy , where he taught as a professor from 1921 to 1937. After temporarily attending a private art school in Munich (1899), he continued his studies at the Stuttgart Art Academy from 1900 to 1902.

The years in Belgium and Berlin

Then Nauen first joined the circle of artists around the sculptor George Minne in the Flemish village of Sint Martens-Latem near Ghent .

In April 1905, after his marriage to the artist Marie von Malachowski , he traveled with her to Paris . During their stay of several months, they studied Impressionist painting there and saw the rise of Fauvism . For Nauen an intensive examination of impressionism and the painting of van Gogh began .

In early 1906 Nauen moved to Berlin . He joined the “ Berlin Secession ” and was elected to the board of the German Association of Artists , made friends with Emil Nolde , and discussed the establishment of a new secession with Max Beckmann . The longed-for artistic breakthrough was denied to him in Berlin.

It was different in the Rhineland . Nauen, who was always closely connected to his homeland on the Lower Rhine, spent a few weeks or months painting in spring and summer on the Lower Rhine or in Visé on the Maas . In Orbroich near Krefeld he had a small studio called "Der Düwel". Friends with Helmuth Macke and Wilhelm Wieger. In 1909 he began work on his large-format painting “The Harvest” here, which was exhibited in Paris in 1910 and brought Nauen a letter of appreciation from Henri Matisse .

Return to the Lower Rhine in Brüggen

In 1911 Nauen left Berlin and finally returned to the Lower Rhine. He moved into a wing of Dilborn Castle near Brüggen , where he had family ties . The Dilborn garden and the wonderful surroundings offered Nauen motifs for colorful pictures.

Lively contacts developed with artists, art historians and collectors in the Rhineland. Nauen's visitors to Dilborn Castle included a. Heinrich Campendonk , Erich Heckel , Franz Marc , Helmuth Macke and August Macke . Nauen's friend and patron was Walter Kaesbach , later director of the Düsseldorf Art Academy from 1924 to 1933, who acquired numerous works from him.

Another long-awaited trip to Paris enabled Nauen to visit important collections and encounter works by Henri Matisse and Cubist works .

In 1912 Heinrich Nauen took part in the legendary Sonderbund exhibition in Cologne , and in 1913 in the exhibition " The Rhenish Expressionists " initiated by August Macke in the Cohen bookshop in Bonn. In 1914 he was represented in the Stuttgart exhibition of the Association of Friends of Art in the countries on the Rhine in Adolf Hölzel's so-called “Expressionist Hall” with an oil painting entitled “Portrait of the painter Macke”.

The leading avant-garde art dealer Alfred Flechtheim arranged his first solo exhibition in his Düsseldorf gallery in 1914. Nauen's monumental cycle of paintings for Drove Castle near Düren was presented there. Nauen had received the order for this from the Aachen art historian Edwin Suermondt in 1912 . For two years the artist was busy creating six large-format canvases, which are considered to be his main expressionist work.

As an introduction to the catalog of the Flechtheim exhibition, there was a letter that Walter Kaesbach wrote to Heinrich Nauen on New Year's Eve 1913:

"Dear friend. Finished the paintings for Drove Castle ? This is a happy new year customer. I think back to the long, long period of growth and strengthening of these six siblings, whom I was able to raise with the baptism, who then had the most rigorous educator in you. How often have designs, small and large, been changed and remodeled; how many individual studies have emerged; I never saw so many hands, drawn, washed, painted, as on my last visit to Dilborn! "

The pictures of the “Drove cycle” are now in the Kaiser Wilhelm Museum in Krefeld.

With the outbreak of World War I , this happy development came to an end for the time being. Nauen was called up as a soldier and, after being poisoned with gas, was finally employed as a "war painter". In 1917 Nauen received the Iron Cross as a former sergeant in a Rhenish artillery regiment.

After the end of the war in 1918, Nauen was one of the founders of the artist group Das Junge Rheinland .

Professorship at the Düsseldorf Art Academy

In 1921 he received a professorship for painting at the Düsseldorf Art Academy, where he taught and worked alongside Heinrich Campendonk , Paul Klee and Otto Dix , among others . His students included Hermann Hundt , Julo Levin , Franz Monjau , Jean Paul Schmitz , Hannes Schultze-Froitzheim and Ernst Walsken .

Under the National Socialists his works were pilloried in the exhibition "Degenerate Art" in 1937 . He was pushed out of the teaching post. He was forced to retire.

Last years in Kalkar

In 1938 he and his wife moved to Kalkar on the lower left Lower Rhine. Illness weakened his creativity in the two years that remained. Heinrich Nauen died of stomach cancer in Kalkar and was buried there. Joseph Beuys made his tomb based on a design by Ewald Mataré .

Selected Works

Heinrich Nauen: Bathing women from the Drove cycle
  • 1908, Digging farmer, oil on canvas, 70 × 60 cm, Ludorff Gallery , Düsseldorf
  • 1909, self-portrait, Kunstmuseen Krefeld , Krefeld
  • 1911, Herbstwald, Kunstmuseum Bonn , Bonn
  • 1912, tulips, Abteiberg Municipal Museum , Mönchengladbach
  • 1912/13, Battle of the Amazons (mural from the cycle for Drove Castle), Kunstmuseen Krefeld, Krefeld
  • 1912/13, Bathing women (mural from the cycle for Drove Castle), Kunstmuseen Krefeld, Krefeld
  • 1912/13, In the garden (mural from the cycle for Drove Castle), Kunstmuseen Krefeld, Krefeld
  • 1912/13, visit (mural from the cycle for Drove Castle), Kunstmuseen Krefeld, Krefeld
  • 1912/13, Lamentation of Christ (mural from the cycle for Drove Castle), Kunstmuseen Krefeld, Krefeld
  • 1912/13, harvest, (mural from the cycle for the Drove Castle), Kunstmuseen Krefeld, Krefeld
  • 1913, garden picture, Municipal Museum Abteiberg, Mönchengladbach
  • 1913, Fruit Still Life in Blue, Abteiberg Municipal Museum, Mönchengladbach
  • 1914, The Good Samaritan, Wallraf-Richartz-Museum & Fondation Corboud , Cologne
  • 1919, portrait of Christian Rohlfs, Karl Ernst Osthaus-Museum , Hagen
  • 1915, Dilborn Park, Clemens-Sels-Museum , Neuss
  • 1923, portrait of Else Sohn-Rethel , confiscated from the Städtische Kunstsammlungen zu Düsseldorf in 1937, lost.
  • 1925, portrait of Alfred Flechtheim , confiscated from the Städtische Kunstsammlungen zu Düsseldorf in 1937.
  • 1925, Sunflowers in a Steinkrug, Museum Kunstpalast , Düsseldorf
  • 1925, mosaics in the gate temples of the GeSoLei planetarium , Tonhalle Düsseldorf
  • 1938, floods on the Lower Rhine, Kalkar Municipal Museum , Kalkar

literature

  • Edwin Suermondt: Heinrich Nauen. Klinkhardt & Biermann, Leipzig 1922.
  • Max Creutz : Heinrich Nauen. 1926.
  • Helmut May: In Memoriam Heinrich Nauen. 1941.
  • Paul Wember: Heinrich Nauen. 1948.
  • Felix Kuetgens : Edwin Suermondt - Heinrich Nauen. Aachener Kunstblätter (AKB), 22.1961, pp. 83–86.
  • Eberhard Marx : Heinrich Nauen. 1966.
  • Gisela Fiedler-Bender: Heinrich Nauen. Memorial exhibition in Krefeld, 1980.
  • Kunstmuseum Bonn (ed.): Heinrich Nauen. Exhibition catalog for the retrospective, 1996.
  • Fritz Malcomess, Klara Drenker-Nagels: Catalog raisonné Heinrich Nauen. 1996.
  • Ludwig Tavernier:  Nauen, Heinrich. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 18, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1997, ISBN 3-428-00199-0 , p. 761 f. ( Digitized version ).
  • Gallery Remmert and Barth: Heinrich Nauen and his students. 2000.

Web links

Commons : Heinrich Nauen  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

swell

  1. ↑ kuenstlerbund.de: Full members of the German Association of Artists since it was founded in 1903 / Nauen, Heinrich ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (accessed November 20, 2015)  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.kuenstlerbund.de
  2. ↑ The Düvel in Hinterorbroich ( Memento of the original from May 19, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , orbroich-aktuell.de  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.orbroich-aktuell.de
  3. ^ Exhibition catalog Art Exhibition Stuttgart 1914 , Kgl. Art building, Schloßplatz, May to October, ed. from the Association of Friends of Art in the States on the Rhine, Stuttgart 1914, p. 48, cat. 420
  4. ↑ Kunstchronik: Wochenschrift für Kunst und Kunstgewerbe, No. 20, February 9, 1917, p. 195
  5. ↑ Portrait of Frau Sohn-Rethel, Heinrich Nauen, around 1923 , on alfredflechtheim.com, accessed on June 7, 2017
  6. ^ The municipal art collection bought Flechtheim's portrait in 1924 for 800.00 marks. The picture was sent from Düsseldorf to Munich in July 1937 for the Degenerate Art exhibition.
personal data
SURNAME Nauen, Heinrich
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German expressionist painter
DATE OF BIRTH June 1, 1880
PLACE OF BIRTH Krefeld
DATE OF DEATH November 26, 1940
Place of death Kalkar