GeSoLei

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Record day on the GeSoLei (1926)

The Great Exhibition Düsseldorf 1926 for Health Care, Social Care and Physical Exercise (GeSoLei) from May 8 to October 15, 1926 in Düsseldorf - according to other sources Great Exhibition for Health, Social Care and Physical Exercise in Düsseldorf - was with 7.5 million visitors and 400,000 m² the largest trade fair in the Weimar Republic . Their political and social goal was to educate them to become capable people .

position

View of the Rhine terrace, which was designed for gastronomy from the start. At the GeSoLei it was open to exhibition visitors with several restaurants and cafés (1926)
Exhibition street on the GeSoLei (1926)

The exhibition took place on the old exhibition grounds in Düsseldorf-Pempelfort and Düsseldorf-Golzheim , where the large industrial, commercial and art exhibition founded the exhibition in Düsseldorf as early as 1902 . The IGEDO later took place here. Nearby are the Rheinpark (which had to be re-dammed in 1925 for the GeSoLei against flooding), the new exhibition center and the airport . A site plan provided an overview of the variety of topics.

Orientation and themes

The exhibition was mainly characterized by new optimism and the growing economic power of the Rhineland, triggered by the general consolidation of Germany in the mid-1920s (politics by Gustav Stresemann , introduction of the Rentenmark , adoption of the Dawes Plan ). The overall initiative for the field of health and social hygiene came from the pediatrician Arthur Schloßmann , with significant support from the Düsseldorf industrialist and patron as well as the President of the Chamber of Commerce and Industry, the Kgl. Prussia. Commerce Councilor Carl Rudolf Poensgen . The medical historian Wilhelm Haberling organized the exhibition Two Thousand Years of Health Care on the Rhine, connected with the Hall of Honor for Rhenish naturalists and doctors, and received the GeSoLei Gold Medal for this. From 1925 to 1927 the doctor Marta Fraenkel worked as scientific director at GeSoLei. Overall, the fair was divided into the following areas:

60 percent of the exhibition grounds were presented as an amusement park. For the first time in Germany bumper cars were presented at the fair .

architecture

Tonhalle Düsseldorf , view from the courtyard (2006)
Rhine terrace (2011)
Administration building of the Henkel-Werke , Düsseldorf-Holthausen (2011)
Fire tower with pavilion (1926)

The lead architect for the overall urban design was Wilhelm Kreis (1873–1955). A total of twenty different architects were consulted for the construction of the individual buildings. Not only the outstanding permanent buildings by Wilhelm Kreis, but also the large number of model houses and apartments, which were neatly and efficiently furnished according to the most modern standards at the time, provided stimulating impulses for residential construction in Düsseldorf. After the exhibition was over, the permanent buildings erected by Kreis were to include an art museum attached to the Kunstpalast, an economic museum, a large assembly hall and a restaurant. All other buildings were only intended for a period of one year. A large number of pavilions and buildings were also created by leading architects of the Weimar Republic , including Max Taut and Peter Behrens :

art

With the “Gesolei” in the newly built Ehrenhof and the adjoining Rheinpark, the city of Düsseldorf renewed its reputation as a city of art and exhibitions. Wilhelm Kreis, the builder of the Wilhelm-Marx-Haus , created the architecture of the Ehrenhof, its layout and buildings. The mosaics and glass windows were by Heinrich Nauen and Thorn-Prikker , the sculptures by Bernhard Sopher , Ernst Gottschalk , Carl Moritz Schreiner and Arno Breker . The rotunda of the planetarium, also known as the Rheinhalle, contained eleven works by the then young Düsseldorf painters Jankel Adler , Fritz Burmann , Josef Bell (1891–1935), Carl Cürten , Arthur Erdle , Bernhard Gobiet , Werner Heuser , Arthur Kaufmann , Heinz May , Walter Ophey and Adolf Uzarski .

publication

The GeSoLei developed a lively publication activity as part of its "social hygiene" activities. From the summer of 1925 to the summer of 1926, a daily newspaper and a magazine with the name "Gesolei" appeared with numerous articles, mainly on socio-political issues. The film director and experimental filmmaker Walter Ruttmann created the three-minute animated film Der Aufstieg , in which the renewal of the German Michel was propagated , in 1925/1926 together with Lotte Lendesdorff and Julius Pinschewer .

criticism

More than the exhibition itself, its short title, GeSoLei , which was extremely modern at the time, came under criticism from contemporaries. In April 1925, the writer Ludwig Finckh received an inquiry from the State Committee for Hygienic Public Education with a request for a contribution, but was only able to answer irritated: “Now I have to confess to you, deeply ashamed, that my education has completely failed. And I have no choice but to ask yourself: what does Gesolei mean? I would probably like to join in if I knew what it means ”. The Kölnische Volkszeitung described the abbreviation as "a totally unfortunate word". The Munich-Augsburger Abendzeitung called the abbreviation "thoughtless and tasteless", the Viennese cremation magazine Phoenix wrote, "Gesolei - a word very close to donkey - which tops off language stupidity". In the medical reports of November 7, 1925, a doctor demanded: "To the pillory with such a stupid name [...]". Oskar Streicher finally described the abbreviation in the magazine of the German Language Association in 1926 as "monster".

Others

The Düsseldorf painter Fritz Reusing created a painting of the exhibition board of the GeSoLei in 1925 , which also shows Wilhelm Kreis.

A hit was also composed for the exhibition and distributed on records that were advertised with postcards. The great Gesolei hit had the title: The Gesolei kiss and the refrain : So go lend me your mouth .

Inspired by the ideas of the exhibition, Elsdorf citizens named their new settlement (from 1924), located between Elsdorf and Etzweiler , Gesolei settlement in 1926 . It was expanded again in the 1950s, but before it was later excavated, it was relocated together with Etzweiler to Elsdorf- Neu-Etzweiler on the edge of the Rhenish lignite mining area .

The Rheinbahn set up a special line especially for this event . Line G ran from the main train station to the event in Golzheim.

literature

  • Hans Körner, Gabriele Genge, Angela Stercken (Eds.): Art, Sport and Body.
    1. 1926-2002. An exhibition about the exhibition GeSoLei. VDG, Weimar 2002, ISBN 3-7757-1252-6 .
    2. 1926-2004. Methods and Perspectives. VDG, Weimar 2004, ISBN 3-89739-443-X .
    3. 1926-2004. Pictures of an exhibition. VDG, Weimar 2004, ISBN 3-89739-444-8 .
  • Jürgen Wiener (Hrsg.): The GeSoLei and the Düsseldorf architecture of the 20s. JP Bachem, Cologne 2001, ISBN 3-7616-1445-4 .
  • Ellen Kreutz: trade fair, architecture, urban development. Exhibition architecture in Düsseldorf 1880–2004. Econ, Munich and Düsseldorf 1998, ISBN 3-430-15671-8 .
  • Peter Hüttenberger : Düsseldorf. Vol. 3. Schwann, Düsseldorf 1989, ISBN 3491342236 , p. 373f.
  • Sigrid Stöckel : The big exhibition about GE health care, social welfare and LEI exercises - GESOLEI - 1926 in Düsseldorf. In: Ideology of Objects, Objects of Ideology. Wenderoth, Kassel 1991, ISBN 3870130261 , p. 34f.
  • Richard Klapheck , Wilhelm Kreis , Robert Meyer (eds.): Document of German Art - Düsseldorf 1926. Enclosure, buildings and interior design of the Gesolei. L. Schwann, Düsseldorf 1927.
  • Otto Teich-Balgheim: Gesolei in words and pictures. Adler, Düsseldorf 1926.
  • Arthur Schlossmann: Origin and goals of the Great Exhibition Düsseldorf 1926. In: Gesolei-Zeitschrift 1926, 1 (July), p. 3.
  • Gesolei. Magazine d. Big exhibition in Düsseldorf ... for health care, social care and physical exercise. Girardet, Düsseldorf 1.1925 / 1926, 1-10.
  • Gesolei. Official daily newspaper of the Great Exhibition in Düsseldorf ... for health care, social care and physical exercise. Düsseldorf 1926, 1 (May 8) - 162 (October 17).

Web links

Commons : GeSoLei  - collection of images, videos and audio files

References

  1. ↑ Site plan .
  2. ^ Eckstein estate
  3. ↑ Friederike Schüler: In the service of the community - figurative wall painting in the Weimar Republic , Tetum, Marburg, 2017, ISBN 978-3-8288-3768-3 , p. 396
  4. ↑ Article Der Aufstieg in the portal animations-filme.de , accessed on March 9, 2013
  5. ^ Filmography by Julius Pinschewer in the portal imdb.com , accessed on March 9, 2013
  6. ^ Jeanpaul Goergen (Ed.): Walter Ruttmann. A documentation . Berlin 1989, ISBN 3-927876-00-3 , p. 112. Quoted from: Nicole Huber: From “Berlin” to “Germania”. Cinema and the Implementation of National Politics in Regional Planning (1926–1939) . In: Clemens Zimmermann: Centrality and spatial structure of German cities in the 20th century . Franz Steiner Verlag, Stuttgart 2006, ISBN 978-3-515-08898-5 , p. 161
  7. ↑ Kölnische Volkszeitung from May 18, 1925
  8. ↑ Munich-Augsburger Abendzeitung No. 229 of August 21, 1925
  9. ↑ Phoenix No. 2, February 1925
  10. ^ Oskar Streicher: Gesolei. In: "Mother tongue, magazine of the German language association", 41st year, issue 7/8, Frankfurt am Main 1926, column 203.
  11. ↑ Score sheet  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. at http://www.zeitzeichen.paritaet.org@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.zeitzeichen.paritaet.org  
  12. ↑ Peter Zenker: Gesoleisiedlung Elsdorf ( Memento from June 17, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) (accessed January 20, 2009)