Maximilian Heinrich Rüder

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Maximilian Heinrich Rüder (1808–1880)

Maximilian Heinrich Rüder (born October 1, 1808 in Eutin , † December 19, 1880 in Oldenburg ) was a German lawyer and politician .

life and career

Studies and first activities

Rüder studied law at the University of Jena from 1827 to 1831 , where he was active in the Jena fraternity from 1827 and in the Germania Jena fraternity from 1830 . As a liaison spokesman, he belonged to the radical group within this fraternity that wanted to achieve unification of Germany with revolutionary means. In 1832 he left Jena and prepared for the state examination in Eutin . In 1833 he began his legal career there as a file procurator at the Lower Court of the Principality of Lübeck . Due to his membership in the Jena fraternity, Rüder was affected by the wave of persecution triggered by the Frankfurt Wachensturm and was arrested on October 20, 1834 on report from the Mainz Central Investigative Commission and charged with high treason. In the subsequent two-year pre-trial detention, Rüder was able to compile and publish a manual on the knowledge of the Particular legislation of the Principality of Lübeck based on the material collection of his brother-in-law, the government councilor Theodor Erdmann (1795-1893) . On February 14, 1837, he was sentenced to a one-year prison sentence for membership in the fraternity and the distant attempt at high treason , which was declared served by pre-trial detention. However, he also lost his license. His professional career was interrupted until he was admitted to the second state examination in 1840 "on mercy".

Activity in Oldenburg

After passing the state examination, he opened a practice as a senior court attorney in Oldenburg. On November 29, 1842 he married Johanne Elisabeth Vigelius (November 19, 1820 - December 31, 1907); the couple had three sons and two daughters.

In Oldenburg, Rüder was actively involved in the public life of the royal seat . In addition to his membership in the Liedertafel and Singverein, he was actively involved in the then blossoming temperance movement and was the publisher and editor of the magazine "Der Branntwein -Feind" from 1840 to 1843 Organ of the northwest German temperance associations.

In addition, in 1839 he was one of the founders of the Literarisch-Geselligen Verein , from which the liberal opposition in Oldenburg developed in the following years . As part of this association, Rüder became increasingly politically active. Together with Carl Franz Nikolaus Bucholtz , Dietrich Christian von Buttel and Adolf Stahr , he founded the Neue Blätter für Stadt und Land in 1843 , the first liberal newspaper that wanted the population to participate in public life and advocated the introduction of a constitution. Rüder did the main work in the editorial department of the newspaper, which he headed as sole editor from 1844 to 1851 after the other founding members left the company quickly. His diverse activities formed the basis for a steep political career. In 1846 he was elected to the city council, to which he belonged for twelve years without interruption.

The German Revolution of 1848 and the Frankfurt National Assembly

After the outbreak of the revolution of 1848 , Rüder played a leading role in the Oldenburg movement. Since his radical student days, however, his views had changed to a moderate liberalism , which wanted to redirect the March movement to a calm and level-headed approach in order to realize the demands of pre- March liberalism.

The focus of his political activity was initially in Frankfurt . Since Oldenburg did not have a representative office, a committee for the elections to the pre-parliament was formed on Rüder's initiative , from which he and the lawyer Hillerd Meinen Lüder Cropp were elected as Oldenburg representatives. In the pre-parliament he belonged to the moderate group. Rüder voted against the direct right to vote and spoke out decisively against the pre-parliamentary declaration of permanence demanded by the radical democratic representatives . On April 3, 1848 he was elected a member of the Fifties Committee, which prepared the elections for the Frankfurt National Assembly, in which he was again able to win one of the Oldenburg mandates. In the National Assembly, to which Rüder belonged from May 18, 1848 to May 30, 1849, he joined the Right Center , as did his friend Dietrich Christian von Buttel , in which he played a leading role as a board member. In terms of constitutional politics, he advocated a constitutional monarchy and , in terms of national politics , for a small German-Prussian solution . On April 3, 1849, Rüder was a member of the Imperial Deputation that offered the Prussian King Friedrich Wilhelm IV the Imperial Crown - a sign of the special respect that Rüder enjoyed within Parliament.

After the Left had prevailed in Frankfurt with the Reich constitution campaign , Rüder and Buttel resigned from the National Assembly on May 26, 1849. In June 1849 he joined the Gothaer Nachparlament on, 150 MPs of the former in the erbkaiserlichen group of St. Paul's Church Parliament for small German solution known. In January 1850 he was elected to the short-lived Erfurt Union Parliament together with Carl Zedelius and Wilhelm Selkmann , where he belonged to the right-wing liberal faction of the constitutional party . This party was considered the political left of this parliament because of the lack of left-wing liberal and democratic members of parliament. In March and April 1850, Rüder also served as Vice President of Parliament.

Further political activities in Oldenburg

His political activity, which showed increasingly conservative and reactionary features, was then limited to the Oldenburg City Council (to which he was a member from 1846 to 1858) and the Oldenburg State Parliament (to which he was a member from 1851 to 1858). In the city council he turned against a draft of a community code drawn up by his former comrade Carl Bucholtz and advocated the strengthening of the monarchical executive . In the 2nd Oldenburg Parliament of 1849 he defended the alliance between Oldenburg and Prussia and sharply criticized the rejection of the Three Kings' alliance by the 1st Oldenburg Parliament shortly before.

Furthermore, Rüder took part in the creation of the constitutional amendment to the "Revised State Basic Law for the Grand Duchy of Oldenburg" of November 22, 1852, which weakened the role of the Landtag and contributed to the drafting of a new court constitution for the Grand Duchy. When the Prussian war port of Wilhelmshaven was founded , Rüder supported the efforts of the Oldenburg government, after he had already campaigned in the National Assembly with the other Oldenburg deputies for the construction of a war port for an all-German fleet on the Jade . Rüder also covertly supported the port construction by buying up the required land privately on behalf of his brother-in-law Theodor Erdmann , who led the entire negotiations, thereby preventing land speculation.

In 1857 he withdrew from politics and took over the newly created office of Oldenburg Public Prosecutor , which he held until 1879.

Final rating

Despite the undoubtedly individual and regionally specific traits, Rüder's political career is an early and typical example of the development of the German educated and property-owned bourgeoisie. The student radical became a moderate liberal who later turned into a moderate conservative.

Further engagements

In addition to his political activities, Rüder was also active in business during these years, so he was one of the initiators and board members of the Weser-Hunte-Dampfschiffahrts-Gesellschaft founded in 1845 . In 1856 he was Chairman Director of Reederei Visurgis AG , 1857 board member of the Oldenburg insurance company and participated in various railway projects and banking start-up initiatives .

Awards

Works

  • Manual for the knowledge of the particular legislation of the Principality of Lübeck . Published by Struve. Eutin. 1837.
  • Memories from the German movement from 1848 to 1850 . Edited by Paul Wentzcke . Stalling Publishing House. Oldenburg. 1912.

source

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Helge Dvorak: Biographical Lexicon of the German Burschenschaft. Volume I: Politicians. Sub-Volume 5: R – S. Winter, Heidelberg 2002, ISBN 3-8253-1256-9 , pp. 133-135.
personal data
SURNAME Rüder, Maximilian Heinrich
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German lawyer and politician
DATE OF BIRTH October 1, 1808
PLACE OF BIRTH Eutin
DATE OF DEATH December 19, 1880
Place of death Oldenburg