Federal intervention

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A federal intervention is the intervention of a federal government to protect order in a member state . In contrast to federal execution, federal intervention is directed against popular movements or other security threats and not against the government of the member state.

Germany

The federal intervention was a measure envisaged in the German Confederation in order to secure the monarchical - legitimist order and the public calm against movements hostile to the federal government, also by military means. If necessary, this could even be done through the cooperation of the entire federal government. The basis for this was Articles 25, 26 and 28 of the Vienna Final Act of July 8, 1820, as well as parts of the Karlsbad Decrees .

Overview

Intervention in Kurhessen

Federal intervention took place in the dispute over the Electoral Hesse constitution of 1831 between Elector Friedrich Wilhelm I and the Electoral Hesse assembly of estates . The latter wanted to overthrow the hated, conservative minister Ludwig Hassenpflug at all costs and refused to raise taxes, whereupon Friedrich Wilhelm I dissolved the meeting of the estates on June 12, 1850. The government's attempt to overturn the constitution by means of martial law and unilateral sovereign decrees initially failed because the officer corps was sworn in on both the sovereign and the constitution. In order not to break the oath , almost 80% of the officers submitted applications for dismissal between October 9 and 12, 1850. This " general strike " by the officers' corps , a completely unique event in German history, made the Hessian military incapable of action. In order to save the counterrevolution, the elector called the Federal Assembly for help, which decided on October 16, 1850 to intervene in the federal government, in particular to send occupation troops to the Electorate of Hesse, the so-called " penal Bavaria ", in order to restore the "orderly" situation. This campaign ended successfully in the interests of the German Confederation.

Switzerland

Ten federal interventions (with and without the deployment of troops) have taken place in Switzerland since 1848, including those on the occasion of the Tonhalle riot in Zurich in 1871, on the occasion of the riots in Göschenen in 1875 and most recently on the occasion of the riots in Geneva in 1932 .

literature

  • Jürgen Angelow : From Vienna to Königgrätz. The Security Policy of the German Confederation in European Equilibrium (1815-1866). Munich 1996.
  • Rüdiger Ham: Federal intervention and constitutional revision. The German Confederation and the Hessian constitutional question 1850/52 . Darmstadt and Marburg: Self-published by the Hessian Historical Commission Darmstadt and the Historical Commission for Hesse, 2004 (= sources and research on Hessian history 138). ISBN 3-88443-092-0 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Hans-Urs Wili: Federal intervention. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .