1932 riots in Geneva
The riots of Geneva (also Blutnacht Geneva ) occurred on November 9, 1932 as a result of clashes between extreme right as left and anti-fascists, recruits of the Swiss Army thirteen protesters at an anti-fascist rally in Geneva shot and seriously injured sixty.
The occasion was an event by the Frontist Union nationale led by Georges Oltramare , against which around 8,000 people from the militant left-wing camp led by Léon Nicole demonstrated. When the police were reinforced by the Lausanne recruiting school under the command of Major Ernest Léderrey, the situation escalated and the recruits fired into the crowd at 9:34 p.m. without warning. The total of 600 recruits requested were only in their sixth week of training at that time.
The next day the military guarded numerous public buildings and some socialist party leaders around Léon Nicole were arrested. In addition, the Catholic - Conservative Federal President Giuseppe Motta arrived and found that order had now been restored. In the aftermath of the events, there were solidarity rallies across Switzerland, but the authorities responded with renewed military calls.
On November 9, 1982, a memorial stone for the victims with the inscription Plus jamais ça (never again) was erected at the Plainpalais . In 2018/19 the federal parliament rejected a professional initiative by the canton of Geneva for the rehabilitation of the demonstrators convicted after the riots in Geneva.
The 1932 riots in Geneva was the last of 10 federal interventions since the state was founded in 1848.
literature
- The Bloody Night in Geneva: November 9, 1932. Swiss Social Democratic Party, 1932.
- Claude Torracinta: Genève 1930-1939: Le temps des passions , Genève, Tribunes éditions, 1978, 225 p.
- Jean Batou, Quand l'esprit de Genève s'embrase. Au-delà de la fusillade du 9 novembre 1932 , Lausanne, Éditions d'en bas, 2012.
- Charles Heimberg et al. (Ed.): Mourir en manifestant: Répressions en démocratie le 9 novembre 1932 en perspective. Lausanne 2008.
- Christian Koller : "Order has been restored." - The Geneva massacre 75 years ago , in: Rote Revue 84/4 (2007). Pp. 32-37.
- Christian Koller: The dead and the condemned , in: Die WochenZeitung, June 21, 2018.
- Marco Tackenberg, Dominique Wisler: The massacres of 1932. Protest, discourse and public. In: Swiss Journal for Political Science. Vol. 4, Iss. 2, 1998, pp. 51-78.
- Marco Tackenberg, Dominique Wisler: hatless boys and half-mature girls. Protest and police in Switzerland. Haupt Verlag, Bern / Stuttgart / Vienna 2007, ISBN 978-3-258-07188-6 .
Web links
- Pierre Jeanneret: Geneva riots. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .
- Hans-Urs Wili : Federal Interventions. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .
- Geneva 1932: The Swiss army shoots Swiss demonstrators
- Professional initiative of the Canton of Geneva to rehabilitate the convicted , parlament.ch
Individual evidence
- ↑ Les manifestants condamnés seront-ils réhabilités? In: Le Courrier. Retrieved March 5, 2016 .