Léon Nicole

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Léon Nicole (1933)

Léon Nicole (born April 10, 1887 in Montcherand , † June 28, 1965 in Geneva ) was a Swiss politician .

Life

Nicole came from a farming family. From 1903 to 1905 he completed the administration school in St. Gallen . He then worked as an official in the post and telegraph administration until 1919.

As a co-initiator of the state strike of 1918, Nicole was acquitted of the military justice . He then was the founder and then editor of the newspaper La Voix du Travail (from 1922 Le Travail ). As a representative of the Social Democratic Party and later of the Labor Party , Nicole was a long-time member of the Geneva cantonal parliament from 1919 and at the same time also of the Swiss National Council . From 1922 until the incorporation in 1931 he was also active in the municipal politics of Le Petit-Saconnex .

After the riots in Geneva in 1932 , Nicole was sentenced to six months' imprisonment by the federal assistants . He then belonged to the Geneva cantonal government from 1933 to 1936, where he headed the Justice and Police Department. The government, which he also presided over in 1934 and 1936, was the first cantonal executive in Switzerland to be dominated by social democrats.

Gravestone on the Cimetière des Rois

In 1939 Nicole took a positive stance on the Hitler-Stalin Pact and was therefore excluded from the SP, along with the majority of the Geneva and Vaudois cantonal parties. The Fédération socialiste suisse (FSS) , founded by Nicole's supporters and led by him, was banned by the Federal Council in 1941. In addition, the National Council shortly after expelled Nicole from the National Council together with the three other FSS members. During the Second World War Nicole was a correspondent for the Soviet news agency TASS in Switzerland and moved in a clandestine political environment, which earned him and his son Pierre a three-week prison sentence in 1943. In particular, he recruited scouts for Sándor Radó's network of agents . In 1944 he was elected president of the newly formed Labor Party (PdA) and was entrusted with the management of the newspaper La Voix ouvrière . In 1947 he was re-elected to the National Council. In 1952 Nicole , who was loyal to the Stalin, was expelled from the PdA due to differences of opinion. In 1954 he founded the Parti progressiste , which in 1955 moved into the city of Geneva city council.

A small street on the right side of the lake in Geneva was named after Nicole.

People of the "Red Chapel"

literature

  • Mauro Cerutti: Nicole, Léon. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .
  • Mauro Cerutti: Nicole, Pierre. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .
  • Erich Holliger : The Nicole trial: The Geneva shooting of November 9, 1932 as reflected in the trial against the Geneva workers' leader. A reconstruction based on court files and newspaper reports. Basel: Z-Verlag, 1973.
  • René-Albert Houriet, André Muret, Léon Nicole: L'affaire des faux affidavits: “le plus grand scandale financier” que la Suisse ait connu depuis longtemps. Geneva: Parti Suisse du travail, 1950.
  • Léon Nicole: My trip to the Soviet Union. Zurich: Stauffacher, 1939.
  • André Rauber: Léon Nicole: le franc-tireur de la gauche suisse (1887–1965). Geneva 2007.
  • Michel Rey: Genève 1930–1933. La Révolution de Léon Nicole. Dissertation University of Friborg. Bern: Lang, 1978.
  • Isabelle Vichniac: MORT DE M. LÉON NICOLE ancien président du Conseil d'Etat et fondateur du parti communiste genevois. Le Monde, June 30, 1965.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Reto Patrick Müller: Inner Security Switzerland - Legal and Actual Developments in the Confederation since 1848. ( Memento of the original from April 16, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Thesis, Egg 2009, p. 313. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / ius.unibas.ch
  2. ↑ Viktor Kuznetsov: НКВД против гестапо ( NKVD against the Gestapo , Russian)
personal data
SURNAME Nicole, Léon
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Swiss politician
DATE OF BIRTH April 10, 1887
PLACE OF BIRTH Montcherand
DATE OF DEATH June 28, 1965
Place of death Geneva