Reinhold Moritzewitsch Glière

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Reinhold Glière

Reinhold Moritzewitsch Glière (to 1900 Glier , then Glière ; Russian Рейнгольд Морицевич Глиэр , Rejngold Moritzewitsch Glier ., Scientific transliteration Rejngol'd Moricevič Glier ) (* December 30, 1874 jul. / 11. January  1875 greg. In Kiev , Russian Empire ; † June 23, 1956 in Moscow , Soviet Union ) was a Russian-Soviet composer .

Life

Glière was born in Kiev . He was the second son of the wind instrument maker Ernst Moritz Glier from Untersachsenberg in the Vogtland , Kingdom of Saxony , who first went to Warsaw as a journeyman in 1854 , then worked in Kiev as a foreman in the factory of his future father-in-law Vincenz Kortschak from the 1860s and in 1869 whose daughter married Josephine Thekla. Reinhold Ernest Glier is in Glière's birth certificate . He grew up with two brothers and a sister. Around 1900 he changed the Latin spelling of his family name to "Glière", which resulted in the persistent rumor that he was of Belgian or French descent. This false information was first distributed by Leonid Sabaneev in 1927. In 1904 Reinhold Glière married his wife Maria (née Renkwist), with whom he had five children, two sons and three daughters.

From 1891 he received violin lessons from Otakar Ševčík at the Kiev Music School before beginning his studies at the Moscow Conservatory in 1894 - with Anton Arenski and Sergei Taneyev , among others . In 1901, a year after the extremely successful completion of his studies, Glière received an apprenticeship at the Gnessin Institute in Moscow , which he held until 1913. However, there was an interruption in the years 1905 to 1908, when he studied conducting with Oskar Fried in Berlin . In 1913 he moved to the Kiev Conservatory, where he was appointed director in 1914. From 1920 to 1941 Glière taught composition at the Moscow Conservatory. Many of his students, including Nikolai Myaskovsky and Sergei Prokofiev , developed into well-known composers. In the Soviet Union , Glière was often active in public. In the 1920s, for example, he was involved in the People's Commissariat for Education, and from 1938 to 1948 he chaired the organizing committee of the Soviet Composers' Union. He also traveled through Soviet republics such as Uzbekistan and Azerbaijan in order to collect the folklore there and thus support the musical culture of these areas.

Glière was a highly respected personality in the Soviet Union and received a number of orders and awards, for example three times the Order of Lenin and once the Order of the Red Banner of Labor . He was a People's Artist of the USSR and its Soviet Republics of Russia, Azerbaijan and Uzbekistan . He also received the Stalin Prize three times (1946, 1948, 1950) and was promoted to a doctorate in cultural studies in 1941.

style

Glière's style was initially largely indebted to the national Russian movement. Its melody was based on folkloric expressions, the harmony presented itself as distinctly "Russian". Inspired by his studies with Oskar Fried (see above), since his stay in Berlin he has included impressionistic timbres in his work, which even temporarily pushed the national element into the background. During these years he also perfected his skills as an orchestrator, which gave his works more color and refinement. During this phase Glière wrote his “most modern” works. Soon, however, he tried to synthesize a Russian tone and impressionistic influences. After the October Revolution , Glière reverted to his earlier style and gave the national idiom unconditional priority. Especially his o. E. Research in (musically) more remote areas of the USSR influenced his work. Glière also oriented himself towards socialist realism ; His ballet The Red Poppy , for example, was considered a prime example of a stage work that combines a propagandistic orientation with a popular, catchy idiom. All in all, Glière must be viewed as a composer who is extremely connected to tradition. Even his last works - unaffected by all the musical upheavals of the past decades - still speak the barely changed language of Russian national romanticism.

Works

  • Orchestral works
    • Symphony No. 1 in E flat major, Op. 8 (1900)
    • Symphony No. 2 in C minor, Op. 25 (1907)
    • Symphony No. 3 in B minor op. 42 " Ilja Muromets " (1911)
    • "The Sirens", symphonic poem op. 33 (1908)
    • "The Zaporozhian Cossacks ", sound image (ballet) op. 64 (1921)
    • "Friendship of Nations", Overture for the 5th Anniversary of the Soviet Constitution, Op. 79 (1941)
    • Concert waltz in D flat major op.90 (1950)
  • Works for wind orchestra
    • "Fantasy for the Festival of the Comintern " (1924, also in an arrangement for the Domra orchestra )
    • "Heroic March for the Buryat-Mongolian ASSR" in C major op. 71 (1936, also for orchestra)
    • "Festive Overture for the 20th Anniversary of the October Revolution" in G major op. 72 (1937)
    • Feldmarsch in B flat major op. 76 (1941, later renamed "Siegesmarsch")
    • "Twenty-five Years of the Red Army", Overture for Wind Orchestra in E flat minor, Op. 84 (1943)
    • "Sieges-Overture", Overture for wind orchestra in B flat minor, op. 86a (1944)
  • Concerts
    • Harp Concerto in E flat major, Op. 74 (1938)
    • Concerto for one voice (coloratura soprano concerto) in F minor op.82 (1943)
    • Violoncello Concerto in D minor op.87 (1946)
    • Horn Concerto in B flat major op.91 (1950)
    • Violin Concerto in G minor, Op. 100 (1956, completed by Borys Lyatoschynskyj )
  • Vocal works
    • "Schach-Senem", opera op. 69 (1923-25)
    • "Gjulsara", opera op. 96 (1936, rev. 1949)
    • three more operas
    • "Glory of the Soviet Army", cantata for vocal soloists, choir, reciter, symphony and wind orchestra, op. 93 (1953)
    • Songs
    • Choirs
  • Ballets
    • "Cleopatra (Egyptian Nights)" 1926
    • " The red poppy " op. 70 (1927, rev. 1949 and 1955)
    • " The Bronze Rider " op. 89 (1948/49)
    • "Taras Bulba" op. 92 (1952)
  • Chamber music
    • String Quartet No. 1 in A major, Op. 2 (1899)
    • String Quartet No. 2 in G minor, Op. 20 (1905)
    • String Quartet No. 3 in D minor, Op. 67 (1927)
    • String Quartet No. 4 in F minor op.83 (1943)
    • String Sextet No. 1 in C minor, Op. 1 (1898)
    • String Sextet No. 2 in B minor, Op. 7 (1904)
    • String Sextet No. 3 in C major op.11 (1904)
    • String octet in D major op.5 (1902)
    • Duos for different instruments
    • Piano pieces

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Jörg Schnadt: The Glier family in Kiev and Moscow. Retrieved April 5, 2017 .
  2. ↑ SK Gulinskaya: Reinhold Glier Morizevich Moscow "Musika", 1986
  3. ^ Stanley D. Krebs: Soviet Composers and the Development of Soviet Music , London, 1970
  4. ^ Reinhold Moritzewitsch Glière: Biography. Retrieved April 4, 2018 (Russian).

literature

Web links

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personal data
SURNAME Glière, Reinhold Moritzewitsch
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Глиэр, Рейнгольд Морицевич (Russian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Russian composer
DATE OF BIRTH January 11, 1875
PLACE OF BIRTH Kiev , Russian Empire
DATE OF DEATH June 23, 1956
Place of death Moscow , Soviet Union