Domra

This article is about the Russian plucked instrument domra . It is easy to confuse it with the Central Asian plucked instrument dombra or with the domra on the Ganges , a caste of the untouchables .

Domra
Russian Домра
Domra after Andreyev
classification	Chordophone , plucked instrument
range

Four-string domra played by Alexej Stachowitsch

The domra is a lute instrument played in Russian music . There are plucked instruments with four strings whose tuning and length are similar to the European lute or the mandolin . The domra of the 17th century is considered a possible predecessor of the balalaika .

history

The musical instrument once very popular at the Russian court originated from the dombra introduced by the Tatars in the 13th century . The instrument was temporarily banned in Russia. Wassili Wassiljewitsch Andrejew ( Russian Василий Васильевич Андреев ) reconstructed the domra around 1896 on the basis of old drawings and fragments of instruments. There is no exact description of the original instrument. The four-string domra became known from 1905 through the instrument makers G. Lyubimow and F. Burow. The four-string domra became known to German songwriters , scouts and youth through Alexej Stachowitsch , who used this instrument at numerous events (singing competitions and the like; mostly in an ensemble with balalaikas and Russian songs).

Styles and playing styles of the domra

In addition to the balalaika and bayan , the domra is an important instrument in orchestras for Russian folk instruments; university studies are possible in Russia. The domra is used in both classic and (Russian) folk style of play in South and North American styles. The range of musical styles (classical, folk music, blues, jazz, flamenco, tango, etc.) is broad and is explained by the relationship between the four-string domra and a number of instruments of European origin and the resulting possibility of composing these instruments on the domra interpret (see media). The domra was also used in operas, for example in The Legend of the Invisible City of Kitesh by Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov . In addition to playing tremolo with the plectrum, other playing styles such as flat picking , staccato , pizzicato , glissando , flageoletto and of course chord playing can be used (depending on how well you master the instrument) .

Instrument construction and tablature of the domra

Similar to the balalaika, the domra is built in different sizes from the piccolodomra to the (contr) bass domra. The most common, however, is soprandomra. In addition to the three-string domra, which is tuned in fourths, there is the four-string variant, which is tuned in fifths. Both are struck with a pick , the four-string version allows the adaptation of violin and mandolin literature.

Tablatures of the three-string domren according to Andrejew (compare voices and pitch range of the balalaika )

• Piccolodomra Basic tuning of the strings: h1 e2 a2 Tablature see
• Primdomra Basic tuning of the strings: e1 a1 d2 Tablature see
• Soprandomra Basic tuning of the strings: h e1 a1 Tablature see
• Altdomra Basic tuning of the strings: ea d1 tablature see
• Tenordomra Basic tuning of the strings: H ea tablature see
• Bass domra Basic tuning of the strings: EA d Tablature see
• Double bass domra (minor) Basic tuning of the strings: 1E 1A D For tablature see
• Double bass domra (major) Basic tuning of the strings: 1A DG tablature see

• Tuning of the four-string domra according to Lyubimov: g d1 a1 e2 (compare mandolin , lute , violin , banjo )

The sizes of the four-string domes are analogous to those of the three-string instruments.

Domrists and trainers of the present

The domrist (domra player) Tamara Wolskaja ( Russian Тамара Вольская ) is also a professor at the Russian music academy "State M. P. Mussorgsky Conservatory of the Urals" in Yekaterinburg . Most of the classical Domrists had contact with Tamara Wolskaja during their training. Other well-known Domrists in Germany:

• Tatiana Ossipowa was trained at the Domra by Tamara Wolskaja, among others. She gives concerts and teaches at the Sulzbach- / Fischbachtal music school.

• Mikhail Savchenko and Aljona Savchenko give international concerts and campaign for the popularity of the domra.
• Natalia Alencova works as a domrist and trainer for domra.
• Natalja Antschutina is considered to be a talented young dominatrix in Germany.
• Furthermore, Wiktor Kalinski and Wictor Solomin are known in Russia.

media

Media selection as an overview according to the construction of the instruments and musical styles:

• “Tamara Volskaia domra Saint-Saens Rondo Capricioso” by Tamara Wolskaja played on the four-string domra (black and white, YouTube video)
• “Tamara Volskaia domra Tchaikovsky Danse russe” by Tamara Wolskaja played on the four-string domra (black and white, YouTube video)
• “Campanula, Russian romance - String Quartet SKAZ” Quartet with two domes (YouTube video)
• “Arie - JS Bach” by Natalia Anchutina played on the three-string domra (YouTube video)
• “Domras / Домры (Mozart, Turkish march)” duet with Domren (YouTube video)
• “Flight of the Bumblebee, I. Orlova, V.Khavrun, A.Klyushnik” played with piccolodomra and bass domra (YouTube video)
• “Vivaldi Four Seasons” played by Nickolay Ratov on the four-string domra (YouTube video)
• “Tin Roof Blues (domra & guitar)” Duet, domra and guitar (YouTube video)
• “Libertango (Astor Piazzolla)” trio, domra and two guitars (YouTube video)
• “Besame Mucho (performed by Troika)” trio, domra, guitar, double bass (YouTube video)
• “Isaac Albeniz - Victor Solomin Asturias (Leyenda)” Solo Domra (YouTube video)
• Audio samples from Tamara Wolskaja's cathedral discography (MP3)

literature

• Curt Sachs : Real Lexicon of Musical Instruments. Berlin 1913, Julius Bard Online publishing house www.archive.org
• Anthony Baines: Lexicon of Musical Instruments. Bärenreiter, ISBN 3-7618-1220-5
• Laura J. Olson: Performing Russia. (Studies in Russian Folk Music) ISBN 0-415-32614-1

Web links

Commons : Domra  - collection of images, videos and audio files

• Private website of the doma player Tamara Wolskaja
• Pavlovski's Balalaika orchestra in Denmark. "Instruments" item
• Balalaika and Domra Association of America.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ see: Section “About The Domra” ( Memento of the original dated August 2, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
2. ↑ Songwriter of the Waldeck
3. ↑ Tablature Domra Piccolo ( Memento of the original from July 9, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
4. ↑ Tablature Domra Prima ( Memento of the original from July 9, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
5. ↑ Tablature Domra Mezzosoprano ( Memento of the original of July 9, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
6. ↑ Tablature Domra Alto ( Memento of the original from July 9, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
7. ↑ Tablature Domra Tenor ( Memento of the original from July 9, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
8. ↑ Tablature Domra Bass ( Memento of the original from July 9, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
9. ↑ Tablature Domra Contrabass / minor ( Memento of the original from July 9, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
10. ↑ Tablature Domra Contrabass / major ( Memento of the original from July 9, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
11. ↑ Article Tatiana Ossipowa
12. ^ KUG Archive, Duo Concertino
13. ↑ Heilbronner Sinfonieorchester, program booklet (see Soloists)  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
14. ↑ kulturserver.de Natalia Alencova
15. ^ Concert at Welda Castle: Natalia Anchutina