First Spanish Republic
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República Española Spanish Republic 1873–1874 |
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| Motto : Plus Ultra | |||||
| Constitution | Project of the Federal Spanish Constitution of 1873 | ||||
| Official language | Spanish | ||||
| Capital | Madrid | ||||
| Form of government |
Presidential Republic (1873–1874) Dictatorial Republic (1874) |
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| Form of government |
Presidential system on a democratic basis (1873–1874) Presidential system on a dictatorial basis (1874) |
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| Head of state |
President :
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| Head of government |
Prime Minister :
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| currency | Peseta (1 Pts = 100 Céntimos ) | ||||
| Residents | 16,622,175 (1877) | ||||
| founding | February 11, 1873 (proclamation of the Republic) | ||||
| resolution | December 29, 1874 (restoration of the monarchy) | ||||
| National anthem | Himno de Riego | ||||
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The First Spanish Republic was proclaimed on February 11, 1873 by a parliamentary majority. The day before, King Amadeus I had declared his abdication . The republic existed for 23 months, between February 11, 1873 and December 29, 1874, and had five presidents: Estanislao Figueras , Francisco Pi i Margall , Nicolás Salmerón , Emilio Castelar and Francisco Serrano Domínguez .
The republican leaders planned to set up a federal republic, but did not proclaim it immediately, instead calling for a constituent assembly of the Cortes to draft a federal constitution (see project of the Spanish federal constitution of 1873 ). In contrast, the radicals strove for a unitary republic, so that the two parties turned against each other after their proclamation. Initially the radicals were excluded from power and allied with other groups isolated by the Carlist wars and the revolution of 1868.
Subversion in the army , the endeavor to dissolve the state through a confederation of sovereign states ( cantonalism ), the unstable situation in Barcelona , failed anti-federal coup attempts , calls for a revolution by the First International , the lack of political legitimacy and internal struggles of its leadership weakened the republic . It practically ceased to exist on January 3, 1874, when the captain general of Madrid , Manuel Pavía , spoke out against the federal government and called on all parties, except cantonalists and Carlist, to form a national government. The monarchists and the republicans rejected this, leaving the unitary radicals and the constitutionalists as the only groups willing to govern. This in turn meant a very narrow base for their government. General Francisco Serrano Domínguez formed a new government, which was a purely formal act since the Cortes were dissolved.
In early 1874, Carlist forces reached the greatest extent of the territories they controlled. A series of defeats by the Northern Republican Army in the second half of the year almost ended the war if it hadn't been for bad weather.
The other monarchists named themselves after Alfonso XII. , the son of Queen Isabella II , Alfonso and were organized by Antonio Cánovas del Castillo . This period of republic continued until Brigadier General Arsenio Martínez-Campos spoke out in favor of Alfonso on December 29 and the rest of the army refused to take action against him. The government collapsed, resulting in the end of the republic and the restoration of the Bourbons through the proclamation of Alfonso XII. led to the king.
See also
- Second Spanish Republic (1931-1936)
Individual evidence
- ↑ In the short period of the republic there was no census. The previous census in 1857 found a population of 15,464,340. Source: Estimaciones de población, censos y cifras oficiales de población. (914 kB) Instituto Nacional de Estadística, April 2001, accessed on February 11, 2013 (Spanish, pdf).
