Lüchau
Lüchau is the name of an extinct Franconian noble family .
history
The von Lüchau family first appeared as a Thuringian - Vogtland knight dynasty in the entourage of the Bailiffs von Weida in a document with Ulricus de Conratsrute in 1266 . She came from the Lubichans from Lobechow near Jena . The family tree researcher Alban von Dobenck distinguished four main lines in 1911. Starting from the original area around Konradsreuth , the family divided into four main lines in the 15th century: the Donndorf line (with Eckersdorf , Unterleinleiter , also Oberwaiz and Seybothenreuth ), the Hartungs line ( Leupoldsgrün ), the Brunn-Wiedersbach line (and Saxony ) and the Haselmühle-Mendorferbuch line. Relatively short-term possessions such as Uprode , Röslau or Selbitz are to be assigned to the main area or the Hartungs line. The Hartungs line and the Brunn-Wiedersbach line are distinguished by an older and a younger line. All branches were able to hold their own until the middle of the 17th century. The Donndorf line continued for another hundred years; Friedrich Ludwig zu Donndorf and Unterleinleiter, who died in 1756, is considered to be the last bearer of the name.
The legendary founding of the city of Hof
According to the legend , the Lüchauer are considered to be the founders of the city of Hof / Saale, alongside the Lords of Sparneck , the Lords of Kotzau and the Lords of Feilitzsch .
Konradsreuth (1266–1484)
Konradsreuth was first mentioned in 1266 in a document in which there was talk of an "Ulricus de Conratsrute" from the Lüchauer family. The Lords of Lüchau ruled Konradsreuth Castle until 1484. In 1441, Emperor Friedrich III awarded them . a high court .
Röslau (1419 – before 1467)
The Lüchauer were represented with a manor and goods in Röslau .
Uprode (1424–1484)
The castle Uprode is a ruined castle above the small village Oppen Roth , which is now in Weißdorf is incorporated (district court). Uprode Castle was built around 1320 by the Knights of Sparneck to secure their home country. Later ownership of the castle passed to the relatives of the von Lüchau family. On July 2, 1429, a Heinz von Lüchau was enfeoffed with Uprode Castle by Margrave Friedrich IV because of his "faithful, willing service" . He was also allowed to have as much timber and firewood as was needed for the uprode cut from the nearby Hag. In return, however, the uprode always had to be open to the margrave and his entourage. Whether Heinz the Uprode of Lüchau because of special merit or family reasons to feud got, is not known. However, the fact that before 1418 he married Elsa von Sparneck, a daughter of the previous owner of the Uprode, Friedrich, speaks for the enfeoffment for family reasons. On January 12, 1466, a Hans von Lüchau was enfeoffed by Margrave Albrecht with the uprode. Hans von Lüchau got into Handel with other knights as well as with the council of the city of Eger . Together with Heinz von Lüchau and a gentleman from Blassenberg, he had captured three town farmers from Eger. In 1469 the Lüchauer sold the Uprode. Strangely enough, on December 10, 1484, a Konrad von Lüchau was mentioned again on the Uprode.
The Lüchauer in the time of the robber barons (1523)
Many formerly respected knights found themselves in more and more distress because they were not up to firearms in the 15th and 16th centuries. Gunsmiths and mercenaries took the place of knights . Another reason was the transition from the natural economy to the money economy . Since the knights lived on the income of their peasants, they tried to maintain their position through the law of the fist , which led to robber baronialism. The best-known example of a knight who became a robber baron was Hans Thomas von Absberg , because of whose feuds the Sparnecker lost their castles. Heinz von Lüchau-Hartungs, the master of the village of Leupoldsgrün , was also accused by the scout Kilian Walter of supporting this dangerous robber baron. Heinz von Lüchau allowed Hans Thomas von Absberg to throw his prisoners into the dungeon of Hartungs Castle . He let the Absberger's companions spend the night there. These assumptions were the reason that Hartungs, Waldstein and many other castles were considered robber barons' nests. The Swabian Federation , to which the free imperial city of Nuremberg also belonged, sent a punitive expedition in 1523 which razed the 23 alleged robber barons' castles (e.g. Uprode Castle) to the ground. Leupoldsgrün was spared because Heinz von Lüchau had apparently credibly protested his innocence.
Apparently, in renegotiations in Nuremberg in 1529, the feud with his brother-in-law Wolf von Sparneck was once again recognized as a separate event from the punitive expedition of the Swabian Federation . While Wolf von Sparneck burned down a sheep farm in Hartungs, where 400 sheep are said to have died, Heinz von Lüchau set Stockenroth Castle and its outbuildings on fire in return .
The Lüchauer as swan knights (around 1500)
In the St. Gumbertus Church in Ansbach there are death shields and epitaphs of the knights of the Swan Order , including Conrad von Lüchau, son of Heinz and Else von der Uprode and his son Sebastian. Of the von Lüchau family, Apollonia von Lüchau, born von Egloffstein , is named as a member of the Swan Order.
Leupoldsgrün (1398–1668)
In Leupoldsgrün the number of properties increased from 14 (in 1490) to 19 (in 1502). They were mainly subordinate to the Burgraves of Nuremberg and the Lords of Lüchau. These owned seven estates and two inns. The beer for the inns was brewed in the brewery of the castle in Hartungs, which the Lüchauer had received as a fief from the margraves in 1398 . During this time natural economy flourished. So the knights were enfeoffed by the sovereigns with parts of their property and in return they had to fight on the side of their master in an emergency. Wolf von Lüchau, bailiff at Schauenstein , and his brother Heinz von Lüchau, Herr auf Hartungs, had committed themselves to provide three horses ( knights ), six foot servants and a carriage for the Brandenburg-Culmbach Knighthood Association in the event of war . Adam von Lüchau was the last person to be buried in Leupoldsgrün under the altar of the village church. The Baum von Baumsdorf family succeeded the Lüchauer family in Leupoldsgrün, but they died out again in 1725.
Unterleinleiter (1689 to before 1732)
In 1689 Christian Siegmund von Lüchau inherited the Unterleinleiter manor . According to Biedermann, Friedrich Ludwig von Lüchau, born on July 19, 1685, married to Maria Charlotta von Lüschwitz , in 1724 Lord von Unterleinleiter, Donndorf, Eckersdorf and St. Gilgenberg, was a knight in the Order of the Red Eagle . He held numerous offices.
Donndorf and Eckersdorf (1552–1757)
The Lords of Plassenberg acquired their first estates in Eckersdorf in 1420 and were in full possession of it a hundred years later. After the Plassenbergs died out, Eckersdorf and Donndorf came to the Lords of Lüchau in 1552, until they fell to the Margraviate of Bayreuth in 1757.
The Lords of Lüchau served the Bayreuth margraves as officers , bailiffs and chamberlaughters and earned great merit.
coat of arms
The coat of arms shows a blue pole in silver . On the helmet with blue-silver covers an open flight decorated with seven golden linden leaves .
The blue stake can still be found today as an element in the municipal coats of arms of Konradsreuth , Leupoldsgrün and Eckersdorf .
Coat of arms of the von Lüchau in Siebmacher's coat of arms book from 1605
Coat of arms of those of Lüchau on the baptismal font of the Eckersdorf Church
Coat of arms of the municipality of Konradsreuth
Coat of arms of the municipality of Leupoldsgrün
Coat of arms of the municipality of Eckersdorf
The family name Lüchau
The family name Lüchau still exists today. The spread of the name within Germany has been partially researched. It was also exported to America by German emigrants . The origin of the von Lüchau line lies in the village of Groß Löbichau near Jena . But there is also a Lüchau family. So far only Lüchau family lines are known that have their origin in the vicinity of the city of Lüchow. In the city of Lüchow there were also nobles from Lüchow , who came from a different line of nobles from Göttingen: von Reinhausen and von Warpke from Verden. So far there is no connection between the North German Lüchau and the von Lüchau Line . The name Lüchau, which comes from the Slavic language, can be found 90% north of Hanover. It means place in a damp lowland . Even today you can find the Havelländisches Luch and the Rhinluch as damp lowlands around Berlin . The addition au and ow mean place . People from the city of Lüchow who looked for new employment opportunities in the surrounding area (approx. From 1300) or who continued to marry were named, for example, Heinrich (von) Lüchau in the new town. Since, in contrast to the noble von Lüchau line, there are not so many old documents, the unbroken line at Stade begins with Otto Lüchau around 1610. Descendants of the Lüchau family still live there today.
Relationship to other families of knights
Von Sparneck family
The von Lüchau family is related to the von Sparneck family , among others . The family tree researcher Alban von Dorbenck assumes 5 marriages (in the 15th and 16th centuries):
- Conrad von Lüchau and Else von Sparneck
- Heinz von Lüchau and Maria von Sparneck (on Leupoldsgrün)
- Heinz von Lüchau and Else von Sparneck (on the Uprode)
- Caspar (Wolf) von Sparneck and Cordula von Lüchau
- Hans Günter von Lüchau and Catharina von Sparneck
List of related noble and middle-class families
Abenberg , Adolzheim, Ammertal, Apfental, Aufseß , Basmann, Beulwitz , Breitenloer, Buchholz, Dobeneck , Dobeneck-Erbsbühl, Dobeneck-Goritz Egloffstein , Erlbeck , Feilitzsch , Friesen, Gnotstadt, Gumerau, Guttenberg , Haberkorn, Happurch, Hausner, Hendel to Rehau , Imhoff , Künsberg , Leonrod , Lüschwitz , Lützelburg , Mendorffer, Mitz, Oberlander to Rudolfstein , Obernitz , Ossa, Rabensteiner to Döhlau , Raitenbach , Reisbach, Reitsenstein , Rüsenbach , Russwurm , blind to Mülltroff, Seckendorf -Aberdar, silk joke Sparneck , Steinau, Stiebar , Streitberg , Stein, Tettau , Thamberg, Trockau , Wenthaim, Wildenstein , Wilhelmsdorf, Wirsberg , Wolfstein, Würtzburg , Zedtwitz , Zingl
Personalities
- Kunz von Lüchau († 1516), bailiff
- Alexander von Lüchau († before 1530), captain of Wunsiedel
- Wolf Siegmund von Lüchau , (* 1604, † 1646), the certain , member of the literary fruitful society , which was founded in 1619. (List No. 259)
See also
literature
- Johann Gottfried Biedermann : gender = register of the realm - Frey - immediate knighthood of the country to Francken praiseworthy place = Gebürg… . Bamberg 1747. Tabula CLXVII - CLXXIV.
- Karl Dietel : Old fortifications in the district of Münchberg - The Veste Uprode in the Hag in: Blätter vom Fichtelgebirge (MHZ) 1950/3.
- Alban von Dobenck : History of the extinct family of the von Sparneck (part 1) in: Archives for the history of Upper Franconia. Bayreuth 1905.
- Alban von Dobenck: History of the extinct family of Lüchau in: Archive for the history of Upper Franconia. Bayreuth 1911.
- August Gebeßler : City and District of Hof . Munich 1960.
Individual evidence
- ^ History of the community of Röslau ( Memento from September 28, 2007 in the web archive archive.today )
- ^ Chronicle Leupoldsgrün The extinct family of Lüchau
- ↑ Castles and palaces of Franconian Switzerland Unterleinleiter Castle ( Memento from April 2, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
