Sack (noble families)

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Ancestral coat of arms of the noble family Sack from Vogtland and Upper Franconia and their lines of Berg , Epprechtstein, von der Grün , Münchberg, Radeck , Reitzenstein , Sparnberg, Stein , Thoßfell, Töpen and Wildenstein

The families Sack (to / from ...) and von Sack are knightly and later partly raised to the barons and counts , but also descended to the bourgeois and peasant class of the German and northern Italian nobility , whose earliest representative was mentioned in a document in 1091 . Branches of the families still exist today. Whether they go back to a common progenitor has not been researched with certainty, but it can be assumed if they have the same coat of arms.

According to the current state of research, the name of some of the families is not derived from a seat, so that in these cases the spelling without a preceding from , but with a following to or from (for example "Sack zu Mühltroff" or "Sack von Planschwitz") ) or is correct without a location. The name also occurs in various Latinized spellings (such as "Heinricus Saccus" or "Eberhardus Sacculus"). The term “the sack” or “the sacks” or in Latin “dictus saccus” (“called sack”) is also often found. A possible origin of the name from the church office of the Saccelarius (treasurer or chamberlain) is conceivable . Nevertheless, the incorrect spelling of Sack can occasionally be found in these families , which is probably due to a later fashion to identify the nobility, as was also practiced with the postal service .

In the 13th and 14th centuries, some lines of the Vogtland-Upper Franconian family Sack named themselves after their seats, such as those of Berg , von Epprechtstein, von der Grün , von Münchberg, von Radeck , von Reitzenstein , von Sparnberg, von Stein , von Thossfell, von Töpen and von Wildenstein , all of which are related to the tribe and coat of arms. When changing status, the surname Sack was partly adopted again, which is genealogically documented for the von Berg family.

The Vogtland-Upper Franconian-Saxon sacks

Knight Ulrich Sack zu Mühltroff , captain of Eger , Vogt and court judge of Coburg († July 1461) - grave slab in Erfurt Cathedral
The Epprechtstein castle ruins near Kirchenlamitz
The remains of the castle in Geilsdorf
Mühltroff Castle
Epitaph of the knight of the swan order Georg Sack in the Heilsbronn monastery
Original of the epitaph in the Roman-Germanic Museum, Nuremberg
The Teutonic Knight Konrad Sack as city founder in the old coat of arms of Gollub (today Golub-Dobrzyń )

origin

From 1177 onwards, the brothers Heinricus and Herman der Sach appeared several times in the deeds of donation of the St. Emmeram monastery under the ministry of the bishops of Regensburg . The origins of the family are likely to be found in the early and high medieval northern Italy, where a family with the same name and coat of arms, also belonging to the ecclesiastical ministry, was mentioned in a document as early as 1091 (see The Italian-Lombard sacks ). Later, members of the family were under the ministry of the Dukes of Andechs-Meranien , the Bailiffs of Weida, Gera and Plauen and the Wettins . The first seat of the family in Upper Franconia is Epprechtstein Castle in today's district of Wunsiedel , which it received as an imperial loan from King Heinrich VII in 1308 , but which according to the documents it owned earlier. Therefore, the Vogtland-Upper Franconian sacks are also counted among the imperial old nobility (dynasty). In the Vogtland they were considered to be an influential family with extensive land holdings. Her possessions included a. Planschwitz and Tyrbel (near Voigtsberg in Saxony) and Sachsgrün Castle .

Spread and lines

In 1225 a "Eberhardus Sacculus" appeared under the ministry of the Dukes of Andechs-Meranien as a documentary witness as part of a donation to the monastery of Banz and in 1232 as a documentary witness to an arbitration award of Otto VII of Andechs (since 1205 Duke Otto I of Meranien ). An "Eberhardus de Eckebretsteine" who appeared in 1248 as a witness to Otto VIII von Andechs (Duke Otto II of Meranien ) is probably identical with him, because Epprechtstein Castle near Kirchenlamitz was initially the most important seat of the family. After the Andechs-Meranians died out, the sacks were transferred to the followers of the bailiffs from Weida , Gera and Plauen. In 1243, for example, "Cuntze and Ullr 'die Secke" appeared as Heinrich von Plauen's witnesses .

Ulrich I. Sack received the bailiffs' share in Münchberg , Sparneck and Waldstein in 1297 , called himself "von Planschwitz " after a new seat in 1298 , acquired Sparnberg Castle on the Saale in 1302 and was called the old "Herr Sack von Tyrben" ( Türbel ). Of his five sons, Ulrich II, Heinrich and Nikolaus were enfeoffed with the Epprechtstein by the later Emperor Heinrich VII in 1308 . The family rose to become the imperial nobility. Ulrich I also shared the property in Planschwitz with his second youngest brother Konrad , who later became the Landmeister of the Teutonic Order in Prussia. Petzold, the second youngest son of Ulrich I, inherited the entire estate of Sparnberg , and his descendants called themselves from then on "von Sparnberg". Konrad, Ulrich III. and Nikolaus Sack, three sons of Ulrich II, founded the family branches in Geilsdorf , Brambach (acquired around 1382) and Mühltroff (also Mühldorf; acquired in 1436).

After the Epprechtstein was conquered by the burgraves of Nuremberg in 1356 (see The Sacks on the Epprechtstein ), part of the family withdrew to the Vogtland. Another part stayed in Upper Franconia and chose the middle class in Kirchenlamitz , Hof and Selb . Some Upper Franconian family members are documented decades after the loss of the Epprechtstein in the nobility, for example as a participant in the Guttenberg feud of 1380 on the Guttenberg side , with the Vogtland family members belonging to the opposite side. 1409 was a Peter Sack as ministerial of the burgrave Johann III. called by Nuremberg and carer or bailiff of the place Kasendorf . In 1481 a knight Albrecht Sack appeared as captain of Waldsassen . According to a message from the local history researcher Christian Primus from the Historical Association for Upper Franconia in 1931, several branches with the surname Sack should exist in the former area of ​​the Upper Franconia of the Principality of Bayreuth as descendants of the part of the family remaining in Upper Franconia and should be entitled to use their traditional coat of arms. Over the centuries, they are said to have hired themselves out as farmers and tradespeople, but because of their origins they always held a high position within their respective class.

From June 6, 1418 there is a list of the Plauen fiefdoms in the hands of the sacks: two farms in Triebel, the village of Geilsdorf (with the exception of a farm that can be leased to Voigtsberg ), goods in Ruderitz , Gutenfürst , Burgstein , Weischlitz and eleven goods in Schwand . On October 30, 1425, the Wettin fiefdoms were named: a farm in Geilsdorf, estates at Schönbrunn , Bösenbrunn , Kleinzöbern and Großzöbern , Berglas , Ramoldsreuth , Engelhardtsgrün , Zettlarsgrün , then isolated farms in Techengrün, Planschwitz, Triebel and the church fiefdom in Großzöbern.

Nickel (Nikolaus) Sack zu Geilsdorf had illegitimate children who emerged from a secret relationship with a farmer's daughter. Because of their "presumption of sex, shield, helmet and name", Nickel Sack sought the advice of Martin Luther , with whom he was in contact. However, because the latter did not know “what was right or wrong”, he forwarded the matter to Elector Johann Friedrich I of Saxony in a letter dated January 10, 1534 . Almost all members of the tribal and coats of arms-related families von Reitzenstein, von Wildenstein, von der Grün and von Berg, as well as Hans and Caspar Sack zu Mühltroff, who were living at the time, also applied to the elector in a joint complaint, according to which the sons of Nickel Sack would not succeed him are to be admitted into the knightly fiefdom. The matter was decided in Ingolstadt in favor of Nickels. Nickel Sack was repeatedly involved in reformatory efforts in the Electorate of Saxony and also undertook poetic attempts.

The Brambach line died out on April 20, 1450 with the knight Ulrich Sack zu Brambach. This was enfeoffed by the later Emperor Sigismund in a document dated May 27, 1431 with the villages of Oberbrambach and Wernersreuth. King Friedrich III. confirmed the fiefdom on May 18, 1442 and also enfeoffed Ulrich with the village of Rotenbach and with jurisdiction over the villages.

Another Ulrich Sack, who died in Mühltroff in July 1461 and can be assigned to that line, was captain of Eger from 1425 to 1435 and Vogt and court judge of Coburg in 1442/1443 . From March 21 to August 13, 1435, he took part in the pilgrimage of Margraves Johann and Albrecht Achilles from Brandenburg to Jerusalem, where he was knighted at the Holy Sepulcher . After his death he was also given the honor of a burial in the Erfurt Cathedral , where a figural grave slab commemorates him. Ulrich had a brother named Nickel, who was probably the grandfather of the aforementioned Nickel Sack zu Geilsdorf, and was related by marriage to a Rüdiger von Sparneck . One of Ulrich's descendants, who also had this first name, was procurator (representative of interests) for the Elector of Saxony, Frederick the Wise , at the Pope in Rome.

Anna Sack zu Mühltroff (* 1470) was married in 1494 to Count Balthasar II von Schwarzburg -Leutenberg (1453-1525). Descendants of her son Count Johann Heinrich von Schwarzburg-Leutenberg (1496–1555) in the female line are documented in the European high nobility into the 21st century.

1532 gave Emperor Charles V . the brothers Hans and Caspar Sack from the Mühltroffer line were given the nickname "The Nobles" for themselves and their heirs, a predicate that at that time was only given to imperial dynasts and landlords. But their descendants could not enjoy this title for long, because after the Geilsdorf line with Nickel Sack auf Tirbel died out in 1586, five years later - in 1591 - the "noble" Mühltroffer line also went out with Hans Balthasar. In 1474 Caspar Sack accompanied Duke Albrecht of Saxony and Hans Sack in 1493, Elector Friedrich the Wise, on a trip to Jerusalem to the Holy Sepulcher. In Kneschke's Adelslexikon these are listed as representatives of the Silesian-Saxon sacks, but it can be proven that they were representatives of the Vogtland-Saxon sacks.

The sacks on the Epprechtstein

In 1248 Eberhardus de Eckebretsteine ​​appears , who could also come from the family of the sacks and is named after the seat. However, the view is also expressed that the von Epprechtstein family is a separate family from the Bamberg area. However, this is countered by the fact that this family has the same coat of arms as the Sack family, that is, it is related to the coat of arms and is therefore most likely of the same origin. In any case, the Sack family is explicitly mentioned in the Hofer area from 1288 onwards . In 1308, Emperor Heinrich VII enfeoffed the brothers Ulrich, Heinrich and Nickel, the sacks , with the Epprechtstein fortress . So it was a direct imperial fief, which meant a social advancement for the family. In 1337 Emperor Ludwig the Bavarian enfeoffed Vogt Heinrich von Plauen with a small part of the fortress.

After the sacks, along with other co-owners, the savages , fell into disrepute as shrub thieves or robber barons because they kidnap Eger merchants and release them for ransom or their goods, e.g. B. rob a truckload of tin gloves from Nuremberg. This hustle and bustle seems to have been so well-rehearsed that even the city of Eger passed a law that one could not pay more than 13 Heller per person to buy ransom from the robber knights. With the kidnapping of a Regensburg citizen, the Burgraves of Nuremberg intervened, for whom the incidents fit only too well into their territorial policy. In 1352 the burgraves of Nuremberg storm the robbery castle, after which they receive it as a fief . In 1355/56 they come into the entire possession of the castle, the office and Kirchenlamitz through purchase .

Coats of arms and relationships

The coat of arms shows a silver sloping bar in the red shield. On the crowned helmet is an open flight with silver diagonal bars. The coat of arms corresponds to that of the Regensburg diocese , in whose service the family was in the 12th century. The derivation of one's own coat of arms from that of the rulers was quite common at the time.

The von Berg , von Epprechtstein, von der Grün , von Münchberg, von Radeck , von Reitzenstein , von Sparnberg, von Stein , von Thoßfell, von Töpen and von Wildenstein all have the same coat of arms as side branches of the sacks . These families were created by dividing inheritance among several sons and naming them according to their place of residence.

The same coat of arms also exists with the Swiss barons of Aarburg . The Swiss municipality of Büron , once the headquarters of this family, still bears the coat of arms today.

In the Amberg State Archives there is a certificate with a seal from Ulrich Sack, Captain von Eger, from 1429, which has a coat of arms with four sacks in the shield, as is the case with the Silesian-Saxon von Sack family .

Historical coats of arms

  • Seal of Hans Sack zu Droschenreut (Tirschenreuth) on a document from 1382

  • Seal of Albrecht Sack, Knight zu Kinspergk (Künsberg?) And Captain zu Waldsassen on a document from 1481

  • Coat of arms of the Upper Franconian-Vogtland sacks in Stephan Brechtel's book of arms of the Holy Roman Empire (mid-16th century)

  • Depiction of the coat of arms in Conrad Grünenberg's coat of arms book (1483)

  • Depiction of the coat of arms from the 19th century with the nobility's crown and motto

The Silesian-Saxon sacks

This family, which mostly writes about Sack , belonged to the Silesian nobility and was also spread in Saxony, Bohemia, Brandenburg, Prussia and the Baltic States. A Swedish line of this sex is still in bloom today.

The German historian Johann Sinapius writes about them:

"They are said to be from the tribe father, a militant German soldier who, in ancient times, under a king in Spain during the war, once again stole a good part of the food in sacks from the Moors due to the lack of provisions, the sacks and the Mohren- Image in the coat of arms, also afterwards the gender name de Sacco or von Sack have come across. "

Sinapius also refers to Gabriel Bucelinus , according to whose genealogical treatises the noble knights de Sacco originally belonged to the Rhaetian nobility and later to the most handsome Saxon families .

A relationship to the Rhaetian noble family of Barons von Sax from what is now eastern Switzerland, which originally also appears under the name de Sacco , cannot be ruled out. The coat of arms of this sex shows two sacks on a yellow-red background.

As the first representative of the Saxon branch in 1276 Peregrinus et Renoldus de Sacco on Sacka (nö Radeburg , district Riesa - Großenhain ) and as the first representative of the Silesian branch in 1290 Reynerus de Sacco are mentioned in a document (State Archives of Breslau, Rep. 88, Cistercian monastery Kamenz, No. 42a, printed in Codex diplomaticus Silesiae , Volume 10, p. 37). There may be a connection to an Italian Grand Inquisitor of the same name (to be found also as Reynerus Sacconus, Reyneri Sacco, Rainer Sacconi etc. - † 1262).

From the 18th century onwards, some family members lost the title of nobility, as not all descendants were usually financially able to maintain the lifestyle appropriate to their class.

Swedish line

Otto von Sack (1598–1658) as colonel in the Swedish army - painting in the armory of the royal palace in Stockholm

Otto von Sack , born in 1589 on the Sackenhof family estate in Livonia (today Jaunvāle, Latvia ), served as a colonel in the Swedish army during the Thirty Years' War and thereby acquired Swedish citizenship. In 1633 he commanded a. a. four equestrian companies in the battle of Hessisch Oldendorf and was involved in the successful siege and capture of the city ​​fortifications of Hameln . He died in Stockholm in 1658 . His descendants were raised to the status of Swedish barons in 1719 with Johan Gabriel Sack, Freiherr zu Bergshammar. This baronial sex is still flourishing in Sweden today.

Bohemian lines

In Bohemia, the sack was raised to baron status on June 29, 1648 with the addition of Bohuniowitz (now Bohuňovice, Okres Olomouc ) and to count status on October 14, 1721. The Bohuniowitz sack (also Sák von Bohunovic ) was given an increased coat of arms. The family had the office of the District Chief to Olomouc held (now Olomouc) for four generations. It is unclear whether they are related to the Sack von Radobeyl family (also Schack von Radobeyl and von Schack and Radobeyl ), which are also Bohemian .

coat of arms

The family coat of arms of this von Sack family shows the four silver sacks knotted in the middle on a red background. The crest, on the other hand, consists of a golden crown from which a naked virgin - a Mohrin - rises above the breast. She wears a wreath of red and white roses over her long hair .

The baronial coat of arms of this family branch consists of a squared shield with the heart shield of the Silesian sacks. Fields 1 and 4 show a red rose in silver, fields 3 and 3 in blue a golden crown. There is a crown on the helmet .

The coat of arms of the counts from the branch of the Silesian-Saxon sacks is based on the same shield as the coat of arms of the barons. However, on the shield there are three crowned helmets: the middle helmet with the Moor and the right helmet with a golden Jerusalem cross ; the left helmet is decorated with five ostrich feathers, on top of which is a crescent moon.

Historical coats of arms

The Merseburg-Saxon sacks

This von Sack family, also noble von Sack, was a Merseburg vassal family. The family was wealthy in Saxony and Prussia, u. a. in Beuchlitz and Delitz am Berge , Schkopau , Kleinlauchstädt , Großneuhausen , Dohnau (near Leipzig), Gr. Janowitz., Nelkau and Schlettau .

coat of arms

Your coat of arms shows a red ring on gold and a silver (shield) hump, ball or ring on red, which is radiated all around with black cock feathers. The helmet is wrapped with a red and gold bead on which the motif is located. The ceilings are red gold or red silver.

Coats of arms of the vassals of Bishop Thilo von Trotha are recorded on the walls of the chapter house of Merseburg Cathedral (approx. 1515). A coat of arms with a golden shield boss on a blue background, surrounded by white swan feathers. One could speak of a daisy on a blue background. The black lettering "von Sack".

Historical coats of arms

  • Coat of arms of the Merseburg family Sack

The Brandenburg-Prussian sacks

Little is known about this Brandenburg family, who were also wealthy in Neumark and Posen. It appears for the first time in 1281 with Arnoldus dictus Sac and expired in 1849. The same is mentioned in 1314 as the knight Arnt Sak (Arndt Sack) in a document by Waldemar of Brandenburg . The family already acquired a number of goods in the 13th and 14th centuries: Pinnow near Soldin (1284), Rohrbeck (1337), Schönfeld (1354), Güntersberg and Sandow (1375), and in 1399: Blessin, Butterfelde , Freiberg, Old and New Reetz and Stoltzenburg; In 1803 this tribe of the family still sat on Dolgen and Trebus. In 1728 he was wealthy in Bentschen near Meseritz.

coat of arms

It carries a silver sack in a red shield, out of which grows a crowned maiden who holds a spear in each hand. The virgin growing on the helmet.

Historical coats of arms

  • Seals of members of the family on a document from 1608

The Lower Saxon-Lüneburg sacks

1281 Lower Saxony's Ministerialfamilie blind is the first time Gisico de Sacko in bag (Alfeld) again in 1357 with and Alfelder alderman Bertoldus de Sacco called. A von Sack family is also mentioned in Lüneburg , so u. a. 1293 Ludolfus de Sacco , 1284 Volceken de Sacco , 1302–1321 Volcmarus de Sacco , 1309 dominus Johannes Saccus , 1316 Hinricus de Sacco , 1333 Volzeke de Sacco and 1360 the brothers Volcmarus de Sacco et Johanni de Sacco . Their coats of arms are not known.

The Italian-Lombard sacks

Pietro da Sacco gives the keys of the city of Verona to the Doge of Venice , Michele Steno , in 1405 (painting by Jacopo Ligozzi )
Villa Da Sacco
Sparkling wine produced by the da Sacco family

In Italy there are several noble families with names such as Sacco, Sacchi, Sacconi etc. evidenced, whose earliest representatives are also to be counted to the church ministry. As far as coats of arms exist and the names are not derived from seats, a common origin with the Vogtland-Upper Franconian-Saxon sacks can be assumed.

In 1091, a Giovanni figlio del fu Sacco (son of the deceased Sack) donated a piece of land near Santo Amondo to the church in a document issued in Prato .

In 1152 an Amizo Saccus was subfunded by the Bishop of Lodi with various rights over the village of Cavenago . In another document, this amizo is referred to as the son of the deceased (mentioned in 1091) Giovanni - figlio del fu Giovanni .

The family provides several consuls of the Lombard League . A Saccus de Strata is mentioned in 1175 as consul of Alessandria , a Samalinus Saccus (also Sactilinus ) in 1194 as consul of Lodi.

Another Amizo Saccus is 1218 and 1221 Podestà of Milan .

In 1235 this office was held by an Albertus Saccus Laudensis (from Lodi) (also Albertus dictus Saccus ), whose descendants have been counted among the noble families of Verona since 1409 at the latest , and in their red coat of arms a silver ribbon - arma di rosso alla banda d ' argento - have led. They were later raised to the status of Italian counts and are therefore called Conti da Sacco . According to another source, they should have their origin in Cologne on the Rhine - originaria di Colonia sul Reno - and also have a silver coat of arms with a green ribbon - arma d'argento, alla banda di verde . This family still exists today. She owns u. a. the Villa Da Sacco in Pescantina and is active in viticulture.

In 1249 a Iohanni dicto Sacco is mentioned in a document of Innocent IV . After the bishop's ban, he was installed as cathedral chapter of Palermo .

Historical coats of arms

  • Coat of arms of a Lombard family Sacco from the 13th century.

  • Different colored variant of this coat of arms (so-called women's coat of arms ).

Dieblich's sack

In the 14th century a Werner Sack von Dieblich is mentioned in a document. His son Godard (Gottfried) received property from Count Simon von Sponheim and Vianden as a fief.

Entries in the new sieve maker

The Neue Siebmacher provides an overview of the various noble families with the name Sack . There are 25 entries in it, which can be divided into five groups with the same or related coat of arms, next to which two different Bohemian coats of arms appear.

  • Volume 6 Section 1 Plate 88 - Dead Bavarian Nobility

  • Volume 6 Department 6 Plate 92 - Dead Prussian Nobility - Province of Saxony

  • Volume 6, Department 12, Plate 54 - Dead nobility of the Saxon duchies

  • Volume 6, Department 13, Plate 17 - Dead nobility of the principalities of Schwarzburg

  • Volume 3 Department 2 Plate 396 - Prussian nobility - nobles

  • Volume 3 Division 11 II Plate 119 - Nobility of the Russian Baltic provinces

  • Volume 3 Division 11 II Plate 119 - Nobility of the Russian Baltic provinces

  • Volume 4 Section 11 Plate 37 - Silesian nobility

  • Volume 6 Department 4 Plate 55 - Dead Nobility - Province of Prussia

  • Volume 6 Section 5 Plate 47 - Dead Nobility - Province and Mark Brandenburg

  • Volume 6 Section 8 Plate 61 - Dead Prussian Nobility - Province of Silesia

  • Volume 6 Section 8 Plate 61 - Dead Prussian Nobility - Province of Silesia

  • Volume 6 Department 8 Plate 66 - Dead Prussian Nobility - Province of Silesia

  • Volume 6 Department 8 Plate 66 - Dead Prussian Nobility - Province of Silesia

  • Volume 6 Department 8 Plate 66 - Dead Prussian Nobility - Province of Silesia

  • Volume 6 Department 8 Plate 66 - Dead Prussian Nobility - Province of Silesia

  • Supplementary Volume 7 Department 2 Plate 9 - Prussian Counts

  • Volume 3 Department 2 Plate 396 - Prussian nobility - nobles

  • Volume 6 Section 5 Plate 46 - Dead Nobility - Province and Mark Brandenburg

  • Volume 6 Department 6 Plate 92 - Dead Prussian Nobility - Province of Saxony

  • Supplementary volume 7, section 3b, panel 9 - Dead Prussian nobility - Province of Brandenburg

  • Volume 6 Department 6 Plate 92 - Dead Prussian Nobility - Province of Saxony

  • Volume 6 Department 6 Plate 92 - Dead Prussian Nobility - Province of Saxony

  • Volume 4 Section 9 Plate 21 - Bohemian nobility

  • Volume 4 Section 9 Plate 21 - Bohemian nobility

Known family members

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ See Harry Bresslau: Handbuch der Urkundenlehre für Deutschland und Italien , first volume, 2nd edition, Leipzig 1912, p. 202 f.
  2. ^ Arnold von Dobenck : The landlord families of the Vogt and Regnitzland in the Middle Ages , in: Archive for history and antiquity of Upper Franconia, Volume 29, 3 (1926), p. 32 f.
  3. ↑ Bavarian Academy of Sciences, Historical Commission (ed.): Sources and discussions on Bavarian and German history , first volume, Munich 1856, p. 111.
  4. ↑ Placidus Sprenger : Diplomatic history of the Benedictine Abbey Banz in Franconia from 1050 to 1251 , Nuremberg 1803, p. 346.
  5. ↑ Placidus Sprenger: Diplomatic history of the Benedictine Abbey Banz in Franconia from 1050 to 1251 , Nuremberg 1803, p. 361.
  6. ^ Carl Hermann Richter: Die Herrschaft Mühltroff and their owners , Leipzig 1857, p. 33.
  7. ↑ Dieter Wojtecki: Studies on the personal history of the Teutonic Order in the 13th Century , Wiesbaden 1971, p. 195.
  8. ^ Norbert Sack: The Vogtland family Sack , in: Das Vogtland-Jahrbuch , Plauen 1995, p. 76.
  9. ↑ See Regest at http://www.regesta-imperii.de/regesten/10-0-0-ruprecht/nr/1409-03-24_2_0_10_0_0_5764_5757.html and Friedrich Wilhelm Anton Layritz: Fragments on the older history of the officials in the Principality of Baireuth , Bayreuth, 1797, p. 14.
  10. ↑ Regine Metzler: Nickel Sack zu Geilsdorf (1480–1547) - Who was the noble liege who married a farmer's daughter? In: Das Vogtland - a text on the culture and history of the Vogtland , Plauen 2006, pp. 58–64.
  11. ↑ Johann Konrad Irmischer: Dr. Martin Luther's entire works: Mixed German writings , Frankfurt a. M. and Erlangen, 1853, III. Volume, p. 36.
  12. ↑ a b Norbert Sack: The Vogtland family Sack , in: Das Vogtland-Jahrbuch , Plauen 1995, p. 80.
  13. ^ Karl von Weber : Archives for Saxon History , Leipzig 1873, Volume 3, p. 325.
  14. ↑ Regesta Imperii, http://www.regesta-imperii.de/id/1431-05-27_1_0_11_2_0_2726_8589 .
  15. ↑ Regesta Imperii, http://www.regesta-imperii.de/id/1442-05-18_2_0_13_0_0_524_524 .
  16. ↑ Norbert Sack: The Vogtland family Sack. in: The Vogtland Yearbook. Plauen 1995, p. 77.
  17. ^ Alban von Dobenck : The history of the extinct family of the von Sparneck. (Reprint), ISBN 3-8370-8717-4 , p. 123 f.
  18. ↑ Christoph Volkmar: Reform instead of Reformation: The Church Policy of Duke George of Saxony 1488–1525 , Tübingen 2008, p. 122.
  19. ↑ Stammliste des Haus Schwarzburg # The Counts of Schwarzburg zu Schwarzburg and the Counts of Schwarzburg zu Leutenberg (1362–1564)
  20. ↑ See the genealogical entries under Archived Copy ( Memento of the original from December 22, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.genealogieonline.nl
  21. ^ Karl August Limmer: Draft of a documented history of the entire Voigtland , Volume 3, Gera, 1827, p. 701.
  22. ^ Ernst Heinrich Kneschke : New general German nobility lexicon . Leipzig 1868, Volume 8, p. 7.
  23. ^ Carl Hermann Richter: The rule Mühltroff and their owners. Leipzig 1857, p. 35.
  24. ^ The district of Wunsiedel. Munich 1968.
  25. ^ August Gebeßler : City and district of Hof. Munich 1960.
  26. ^ Arnold von Dobenck : The landlord families of the Vogt and Regnitzland in the Middle Ages. in: Archive for the history and archeology of Upper Franconia. Volume 29, 3 (1926), p. 32 f.
  27. ↑ See for example the coat of arms images at http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/bsb00018706/image_367 and http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/bsb00018706/image_406 .
  28. ↑ Document: Waldsassen Abbey Documents (1132-1798) 624 in the European document archive Monasterium.net .
  29. ^ A b Johann Sinapius: Silesian Curiosities First Presentation. Leipzig 1720, pp. 788-794.
  30. ↑ Peter Conradin von Planta: The currätischen lordships in the feudal time. Bern 1881, p. 470.
  31. ↑ http://www.30jaehrigerkrieg.de/sack-sock-otto-von/
  32. ↑ https://www.adelsvapen.com/genealogi/Sack_nr_63
  33. ↑ https://www.adelsvapen.com/genealogi/Sack_nr_170
  34. ^ Ernst Heinrich Kneschke: New general German nobility lexicon. Leipzig 1868, Volume 8, p. 7.
  35. ↑ Georg Wilhelm von Raumer (Ed.): Codex Diplomaticus Brandenburgensis Continuatus , Berlin, Stettin and Elbing, 1831, 1st volume, p. 29.
  36. ^ Ernst Heinrich Kneschke: New general German Adels Lexicon. Volume 8, p. 8. Digitized
  37. ↑ http://www.houseofnames.com/sacco-family-crest
  38. ↑ Illustration of the original document at http://www.archiviodistato.firenze.it/pergasfi/index.php?op=fetch&type=pergamena&id=416019 .
  39. ↑ Georg Caro (ed.): New contributions to German economic and constitutional history, Zurich, 1911, p. 115.
  40. ↑ See regest under Archived Copy ( Memento of the original from October 26, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / cdlm.unipv.it
  41. ↑ RI IV, 2,3 n.2135, in: Regesta Imperii Online, http://www.regesta-imperii.de/id/1175-04-16_3_0_4_2_3_362_2135 (accessed on July 30, 2016).
  42. ↑ Anna Maria Deplazes-Haefliger: The barons of Sax and the lords of Sax-Hohensax until 1450 , Buchdruckerei Merkur, Langenthal, p. 21 (fn. 38).
  43. ↑ Christoph Friedrich Weber: Signs of Order and Rebellion - Heraldic Symbolism in Italian Urban Communes of the Middle Ages , Cologne 2011, p. 44.
  44. ^ Lodovico Antonio Muratori et al. a .: Rerum italicarum scriptores from anno aerae christianae 500 ad annunm 1500 , Milan 1723–1738, volume 11, p. 672.
  45. ↑ Pietro Zagata u. a .: Cronica della città di Verona , Volume 2.1, Verona 1747, p. 335.
  46. ^ A b Vittorio Spreti: Enciclopedia storico-nobiliare italiana , Milano 1928-36, Volume VI, p. 29.
  47. ↑ Giovanni Battista di Crollalanza: Dizionario Storico-Blasonico delle Famiglie Nobili e notabili Italiane, Estinte e Fiorenti , Bologna 1965, Volume 2, p 464th
  48. ↑ Archived copy ( memento of the original from October 29, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.vivino.com
  49. ↑ RI V, 2,3 n.8166, in: Regesta Imperii Online. URI: http://www.regesta-imperii.de/id/1249-05-11_2_0_5_2_3_2680_8166 (accessed on October 25, 2014).
  50. ^ Landesarchiv Speyer (ed.): Regesten of the archive of the counts of Sponheim. 1065-1437. Part 5, p. 132.