Sparneck

This article explains the place Sparneck, an overview of other articles can be found under Sparneck (disambiguation) .

coat of arms	Germany map
	Coordinates: 50 ° 10 '  N , 11 ° 51'  E
Basic data
State :	Bavaria
Administrative region :	Upper Franconia
County :	court
Management Community :	Sparneck
Height :	563 m above sea level NHN
Area :	16.36 km 2
Residents:	1572 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density :	96 inhabitants per km 2
Postal code :	95234
Area code :	09251
License plate :	HO , MÜB , NAI, REH , SAN
Community key :	09 4 75 174
Market structure:	12 districts
Market administration address :	Marktplatz 4 95234 Sparneck
Website :	www.sparneck.de
Mayor :	Daniel Schreiner ( SPD )
Location of the Sparneck market in the Hof district

Sparneck is a market in the Upper Franconian district of Hof and the seat of the administrative community Sparneck . The market is in the Hofer Land .

geography

Geographical location

The Sparneck market lies at an average altitude of 560  m above sea level. NN in the Pfarrbachtal, which forms the majority of the municipality. The Saxon Saale crosses this valley in a northerly direction. In the south rises the 877 meter high Große Waldstein , on the western slope of which the Saale rises. The Waldstein mountain range , which also includes the Kleine Waldstein located southeast of the village , forms the natural border with the Wunsiedel district .

The Jean-Paul-Weg , a marked and signposted hiking trail in honor of the poet Jean Paul Friedrich Richter (1763-1825) , runs through Sparneck . There are three natural monuments on the areas belonging to the village : the Kleiner Waldstein rock group, the willow fountain in the same forest and a beech tree in the immediate vicinity of the former Waldhotel Heimatliebe.

Neighboring communities

Larger neighboring towns, starting in the north, are the Markt Weißdorf , the town Kirchenlamitz , the community-free area Weißenstadter Forst-Nord (both in the district of Wunsiedel), the Markt Zell and the town Münchberg .

Community structure

The Sparneck market is divided into twelve parts of the municipality:

Burn stump Wastelands Germersreuth Grohenbühl Always stay Immershof

Reinersreuth Tube mill Hall mill Sparneck Stockenroth Brick hut

history

Name development

The first notarization of Sparneck suggests that a castle was built and that the owners, the lords of Sparneck , named themselves after her. The castle was first mentioned in a document in 1298. The early designation of the noble family as a rafter hedge is derived from the red and silver rafters that adorn the Sparneck coat of arms . The addition hecke or corner indicates that the castle was on a mountain spur.

The time of the Lords of Sparneck

The history of the Sparneck market is linked to that of the noble family of the same name, the Lords of Sparneck. The place Sparneck first appeared in a document dated November 10, 1223, when Rüdiger von Sparneck ("Rudegerus de Sparrenhecke"), his brother Arnold von Sparnberg and Rüdiger's sons appeared as witnesses at a court day in Eger . Their possessions reached as far as the Egerland . They had the high level of jurisdiction which allowed them to also impose the death penalty . When the Bohemian king was crowned German Emperor Charles IV in 1355 , the European center of power moved into their immediate vicinity. The Sparnecker knew how to put their property under Bohemian fiefdom. This fact could have meant that Sparneck Castle was spared the Hussite invasion in 1430, while many other castles were destroyed. It also survived the Bavarian War (1459–1463) unscathed.

After the Sparneck knights had to fight with the mighty burgraves of Nuremberg during the 14th century , who continuously enlarged their area, they sold a large part of their property in 1373 with Münchberg and 19 other villages. When the Sparneck knights allowed Thomas von Absberg to hide his prisoners in the dungeon on the Waldstein , they were targeted by the Swabian League , a union of Franconian and Swabian imperial estates. This set in motion with 10,000 foot servants, 1,000 horsemen, 40 guns, 100 heavy rifles and 900 quintals of gunpowder in order to destroy 23 robbery castles . On July 8, 1523 he set up camp in Sparneck, which is documented in a Wandereisen woodcut . On July 10th, the castles Sparneck and Gattendorf were destroyed, on July 11th the castle on the Waldstein and the Uprode , on July 12th 1523 the moated castle in Weißdorf was blown up. All residents had fled beforehand. The Sparnecker never recovered from this severe blow in their heartland. It took 40 more years until the Sparnecker were finally expropriated. The last Sparnecker died in 1744 in Bernstein Castle near Wunsiedel .

→ see also: Sparneck (noble family)

So-called wandering iron woodcut from 1523, in front the burning knight's seat, on the left in the background the monastery building, next to it the monastery church, today the choir of St. Vitus

Hohenzollern, Prussia, French and Bavaria

After the destruction of the six Sparneck castles in 1563, the way was clear for Margrave Georg Friedrich to finally take over the Sparneck area. The margraves divided their growing domain into the Upper Mountain and the Lower Mountain part. In Stock Rother Castle an office was set up and entrusted with the management. Around 1680, the offices of Münchberg, Stockenroth and Hallerstein were combined to form a senior office based in Stockenroth. In 1731 the bailiff Johann Georg Hartung moved his residence back to Sparneck to the government building, which he had built on the ruins of the former castle. His son-in-law Johann Siegmund Friedrich Feez built a new one, the Feezsche Amtshaus , in 1763 , in which the village bakery is currently located. The Stockenrother Castle was demolished in 1762, the Oberamt Münchberg-Stockenroth-Hallerstein dissolved in 1779 and relocated to Hof . When Margrave Karl Alexander renounced the principalities of Ansbach and Bayreuth , they came under Prussian rule (1792–1806). Baron von Hardenberg carried out an administrative reform in 1797 and divided the Principality of Bayreuth into six districts. Münchberg became the seat of a chamber office as a subdivision in the Hof district. 14 tax districts were introduced within this chamber office, with Zell being separated from Sparneck for the first time.

Emergency money from 1917: Voucher for 50 pfennigs

In the Fourth Coalition War , Napoleon Bonaparte's troops reached Sparneck on October 8, 1806. After the Prussian defeat, a French military governor was installed in Bayreuth . The fifth coalition war between Austria and France ended with a brief occupation in 1809. The French regained control of the area through their successful counter-attack and the Peace of Schönbrunn . On June 30, 1810, France surrendered the former Prussian provinces of Ansbach and Bayreuth to the Kingdom of Bavaria, which they had bought from Napoleon for 15 million francs. This created today's political structure. In 1817 Bavaria was reorganized into eight so-called districts, the later administrative districts. The Upper Main District, based in Bayreuth, was called Upper Franconia from 1837. The self-government of the districts began in 1829. Its structure was last changed during the regional reform in 1972. The former Münchberg district was added to the Hof district. The division into municipalities with self-administration rights followed the municipal edict of 1818. Sparneck and Zell became separate rural communities. With the municipal reform of 1978, Sparneck and Weißdorf form an administrative community based in Sparneck.

The current state of the former office building, built on the remains of the von Sparneck headquarters

lock

The Sparneck Castle was the ancestral home of the Lords of Sparneck. After the castle was destroyed by the Swabian Federation on July 10, 1523 , it was not rebuilt. The rubble lay on Schlossplatz for 200 years and was later used as building material by the residents of the adjacent buildings. In 1724, the former bailiff Johann Georg Hartung discovered that the cellars of the castle were still largely in order and built an administrative building over them. This building has been preserved and is to be converted into a house of history.

Church and monastery

Evangelical Church of St. Vitus

Catholic Church

Friedrich von Sparneck is considered to be the founder and builder of a monastery in Sparneck , which was maintained by the Carmelites . The Evangelical Church of St. Veit emerged from the monastery church.

Population development

In the period from 1988 to 2018, the population fell from 1842 to 1589 by 253 or 13.7%. On December 31, 1994, Sparneck had 1940 residents.

politics

Municipal council

The market town council consists of twelve members. After the 2020 local elections, it will be composed as follows:

• SPD / electoral community 5 seats
• CSU 5 seats
• Active Waldstein citizens Sparneck 2 seats

mayor

• 1972–1996 Fritz Prechtel
• 1996–2014 Gerhard Loy
• 2014–2020 Reinhard Schmalz
• since 2020 Daniel Schreiner

coat of arms

Sparneck coat of arms

On a blue shield in a symmetrical manner two symbolized wings and on them two rafters, which were taken from the coat of arms of the von Sparneck family .

Administrative community

→ Main article : Administrative community Sparneck

The municipality of Sparneck is the seat of the administrative association Sparneck. In addition to Sparneck, the neighboring community of Weißdorf is one of them.

Economy and Infrastructure

History of craft and industry

Last day of operation at Sparneck station, four pairs of trains were pulled again by a steam locomotive

Mining was practiced in the Sparneck area as early as the 15th century. Copper, iron, silver and some gold were found at Tiefenbach and Hohenreuth. The heyday of mining was in the Margrave period. The extraction later proved to be uneconomical. In addition to agriculture, it was above all handicrafts that secured the livelihood of ever larger parts of the population. Widespread in the area were the linen weavers and barch weavers , who mostly made their products laboriously from home.

Around 1800 a dye works was set up in the former Hartung'schen Amtshaus. A phase of industrialization began at the end of the 19th century with the Reinersreuther granite works as well as two weaving mills and a straw tube factory. At the beginning of the 20th century, a private power station supplied electricity to 32 surrounding villages. The construction of the local railway from Münchberg to Zell via Weißdorf, Sparneck and Reinersreuth boosted the region's economic development considerably. Railway operations were discontinued in 1971. After the Second World War , it was mainly the textile industry that brought about the industrial boom. A dyeing and finishing company that came from Weida in Thuringia employed over 400 people at times. A shredded wool factory, embroidery, knitting and home textile manufacture were added.

History of the Postal Service

In 1868 a post office was introduced in Sparneck, a royal mail expedition opened on April 1, 1886 and a single-horse stagecoach was used for the first time between Sparneck and Münchberg. In 1890 a telegraph station with a telephone connection was set up and in 1898 it was converted into a post office. A horse-drawn bus replaced the stagecoach on July 1, 1890, and the post office was given up. With the opening of the Münchberg – Zell railway line in 1902, postal traffic also shifted to the rails.

History of the railway

Sparneck station around 1905

In September 1901, construction work began on the Münchberg – Zell railway line , and on October 18, 1902, the first regular train ran. Sparneck received a brick station building with an attached goods shed in timber construction and a toilet block aside. The platform was on the track. A loading track was laid in the direction of Zell, which ended in the main track on both sides and had an additional butt track.

During the early years traffic on weekdays was limited to one morning, noon and evening train in each direction, and around 1910 a fourth pair of trains was added. The timetable in World War II from 1944 had three weekday trains in each direction. At the end of 1954, the first rail buses supplemented the trains hauled by steam locomotives and later replaced them. With them, the timetable was condensed into six pairs of trains on workdays. Steam operation ended in September 1962.

In 1971 the railway line was closed and Sparneck station lost its function. On September 25, 1971, the last day of operation, the last three pairs of regular passenger trains were made up of six conversion cars that were pulled by the 086 171 steam locomotive . Due to the large number of visitors, an additional special train was put in spontaneously.

In 1982 the station building was demolished. A station sign carved into granite at the entrance to the town reminds of the former train station.

Mühlteichplatz

Love of home

Public facilities

• Evangelical kindergarten
• Sparneck schoolhouse
• Post office
• Sparneck leisure center
• Stockenroth children's playground

Personalities

• In the summer of 1792, Alexander von Humboldt also examined the small mines near Sparneck on his inspection trip
• Jean Paul visited his brother several times, who lived in Sparneck (see also Jean-Paul-Weg )
• Karl Slevogt (1876–1951), designer, racing driver, automobile pioneer
• Peter Thuy (* 1961), economist and rector of the IUBH International University

Culture and sights

Sparneck lies at the foot of the Großer Waldstein . The architectural monuments in the village include the successor building of the Sparneck Castle , the Feezsche Amtshaus , and the St. Vitus Church .

The “Heimatliebe” is a building on the Steinbühl that Johanna Humbert, who emigrated to America, donated to her hometown. The park-like area was the venue for the Wiesenfest for many years . After it was used as an excursion restaurant and conference center, the establishment of a fairy tale park is planned. The driveway to Heimatliebe Humbertstrasse was named in honor of the founder Johanna Humbert . The phyllite rocks at Steinbühl are a geotope ; found microfossils prove the rock from the Precambrian period as one of the oldest rocks in Bavaria.

There were two grain mills and cutting mills in Sparneck, which ceased operations in the 1960s. The tube mill, which is no longer preserved, was mentioned in a document as early as 1577. The Saalmühle was built in 1687 as a stately mill and is still partially preserved.

The kilometer stone at the end of the village in the direction of Stockenroth is a small monument.

literature

• Johann Kaspar Bundschuh : Sparneck . In: Geographical Statistical-Topographical Lexicon of Franconia . tape 5 : S-U . Verlag der Stettinische Buchhandlung, Ulm 1802, DNB  790364328 , OCLC 833753112 , Sp. 378 ( digitized version ).
• Dietmar Herrmann, Helmut Süssmann: Fichtel Mountains, Bavarian Vogtland, Steinwald, Bayreuther Land. Lexicon . Ackermannverlag, Hof (Saale) 2000, ISBN 3-929364-18-2 , p. 636-639 .
• Georg Paul Hönn : Sparneck . In: Lexicon Topographicum of the Franconian Craises . Johann Georg Lochner, Frankfurt and Leipzig 1747, p. 295 ( digitized version ).
• Pleikard Joseph Stumpf : Sparneck . In: Bavaria: a geographical-statistical-historical handbook of the kingdom; for the Bavarian people . Second part. Munich 1853, p. 613-614 ( digitized version ).

Web links

Commons : Sparneck  - collection of images, videos and audio files

• Entry on Sparneck's coat of arms  in the database of the House of Bavarian History

• Sparneck: Official statistics of the LfStat

Individual evidence

1. ↑ "Data 2" sheet, Statistical Report A1200C 202041 Population of the municipalities, districts and administrative districts 1st quarter 2020 (population based on the 2011 census) ( help ).
2. ↑ http://www.bayerische-landesbibliothek-online.de/orte/ortssuche_action.html?val=1241&attr=590&modus=automat&tempus=20100925/182439&hodie=20100925/210256
3. ↑ MHZ, 18./19. November 1987, special supplement for the 150th anniversary of the newspaper, p. 63.
4. ^ Artur Nittel: Post locations and postmarks from the Münchberg district. In: MÜBRIA 1969 . 1969, p. 25.
5. ^ Roland Fraas: 100 years of the Münchberg - Zell local railway . 2002, p. 66 .
6. ^ Roland Fraas: 100 years of the Münchberg - Zell local railway . 2002, p. 43 .
7. ↑ Geotope: Phyllite rocks at Steinbühl ( PDF )
8. ^ Wilfried Kluge: Mills in Münchberg and in the old district of Münchberg . In: Münchberg - contributions to city history . Volume 2. Münchberg 1998. pp. 135-137.