Bad Steben
coat of arms | Germany map | |
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Coordinates: 50 ° 22 ' N , 11 ° 39' E |
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Basic data | ||
State : | Bavaria | |
Administrative region : | Upper Franconia | |
County : | court | |
Height : | 578 m above sea level NHN | |
Area : | 25.84 km 2 | |
Residents: | 3398 (Dec. 31, 2019) | |
Population density : | 131 inhabitants per km 2 | |
Postal code : | 95138 | |
Area code : | 09288 | |
License plate : | HO , MÜB , NAI, REH , SAN | |
Community key : | 09 4 75 112 | |
LOCODE : | DE BXZ | |
Market structure: | 21 districts | |
Market administration address : |
Main street 2 95138 Bad Steben |
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Website : | ||
First Mayor : | Bert Horn (CSU) | |
Location of the Bad Steben market in the Hof district | ||
Bad Steben is a market in the Upper Franconian district of Hof and the highest state spa in Bavaria . Before being awarded the title of Royal Bavarian State Bath , the place was called Steben and was the center of mining in the Franconian Forest . Bad Steben belongs to the Hofer Land .
geography
The market is located in the Franconian Forest Nature Park , about 20 km west of Hof (Saale) . The community has a low mountain range free from foehn .
Community structure
Districts (population figures in brackets) are:
- Top Green (492)
- Bad Steben (1890)
- Carls Green (246)
- Christ Green (32)
- Durrnberg (12)
- Erlaburg (7)
- Spruce (14)
- Gerlas (70)
- Horwagen
- Toad Mill (4)
- Lochau (41)
- Mordlau (4)
- Obersteben (323)
- Zeitelwaid (2)
- Sheep Farm (14)
- Schleeknock (17)
- Nice view (5)
- Thierbach (188)
- Thierbacher Hammer (3)
- Thierbachermühle (5)
- Lower Zeitelwaidt (9)
Total: 3378 inhabitants (as of December 31, 2013)
history
Steben was first mentioned in a document on December 25, 1374. For a long time it belonged to the Hohenzollern Margraviate of Bayreuth , from 1500 also to the Franconian Empire . In 1792 the Margraviate became part of Prussia, 1806 to France and finally in 1810 to Bavaria.
In 1444 there were first reports about the sources. In 1553 Heinrich Reuss von Plauen bathed in it on the occasion of the siege of Lichtenberg (Upper Franconia) in the Second Margravial War . In 1690 a first scientific report was published by the court and city medicus Gottfried von Stein. Until the Kingdom of Bavaria took over the springs, Steben was a mining town with a much longer history. Mining in the Steben area goes back to the 8th century.
When the Kingdom of Prussia took over the Hohenzollern areas in Franconia and with it the Margraviate of Bayreuth in 1792 , the Bayreuth resident state minister Karl August von Hardenberg asked the newly qualified mining assessor Alexander von Humboldt to take stock of the mines and smelters in the new provinces.
In June 1792, Humboldt moved into today's Humboldt House in Steben. In a show of strength lasting about ten weeks (June to August 1792), the young man prepared a 150-page comprehensive report on the situation that sparked great enthusiasm in Berlin . Humboldt's proposals for economization and the detailed reports on the rich mineral resources in the region (including silver, copper, tin, lead, iron and precious stones), but above all his reports on the gold seams he discovered, were very helpful to the authority.
As early as 1793, after the mining office had been relocated from Naila to Steben, Humboldt set up a royal Prussian free mountain school in Steben on his own initiative to teach the miners basic professional skills. Lessons also included arithmetic, writing and reading. Von Heinitz had an open ear for this foundation, as he had also opened a drawing and arithmetic school in Freiberg in 1777 . When Humboldt was supposed to be reimbursed for the expenses for his company, he proposed that the amount be used to set up a health insurance and widow's pension, an act of social sentiment unprecedented for the time, but also testimony to the caring attitude of the young liberal. The fact that attending the mountain school was free of charge was an indication of this. With energy and ingenuity, the new boss in the district managed to multiply the yields from the mines within a year. The genius of the young man who was predicted to have the most daring career was praised. However, Humboldt left the civil service at his own request in 1795 in order to devote himself entirely to natural research and science.
On June 8, 1832, Steben was awarded the title of Royal Bavarian State Bath. In the period from 1837 to 1911, the main buildings, some of which still exist today, were erected in the spa facilities. The old Kurhaus formed the end in 1911. Steben experienced a great boom, especially during the reign of Prince Regent Luitpold from 1886 to 1912.
In 1909 the name of the then municipality of Untersteben was officially changed to Steben. The name of the municipality was changed again in 1925, this time in Bad Steben.
Towards the end of the Second World War , the community was occupied by American troops on April 14, 1945 without a fight. On April 22, 1952 Bad Steben was raised to the market . From 1971 to 1978, in the course of the municipal area reform, the municipalities of Obersteben (January 1, 1971), Carlsgrün (April 1, 1971), Thierbach (January 1, 1972) and Bobengrün (January 1, 1978 ), which were established in 1818 and were independent until then, were incorporated ). In 1983 the state spa hotel was demolished and rebuilt, the Parkschlößchen was renovated. In 2007 Bad Steben celebrated its 175th anniversary as a state bath with various events in the Biedermeier style .
Population development
In the period from 1988 to 2018, the population fell from 3,615 to 3405 by 210 or 5.8%. On December 31, 1990 Bad Steben had 3,804 inhabitants.
politics
Market council
The municipal council has 16 members. Another member and chairman of the market council is the mayor. In the local elections on March 15, 2020, 2096 of the 2920 residents eligible to vote in the Bad Steben market exercised their right to vote, bringing the turnout to 71.78%.
mayor
August Wölfel | 1868-1875 |
Johann Burger | 1876-1879 |
Johann Heinrich Stocker | 1879-1881 |
Heinrich Karl-Friedrich Ernst | 1882-1887 |
Georg Heinrich Herpich | 1888-1893 |
Martin Rockelmann | 1894-1929 |
Philipp Horn | 1930-1933 |
Heinrich Hagen | 1934-1934 |
Otto Gollwitzer | 1934-1939 |
Karl Gölkel | 1939-1943 |
Erhard Martin Weinrich | 1943-1945 |
Kurt Steinitz | 1945 |
Johann Findeiß | 1945 |
Johannes Schueller | 1945 |
Heinrich Völkel | 1945–1969 |
Gebhardt tax | 1969-1969 |
Erhardt Thumser | 1969-1972 |
Hans Brandl | 1972-1991 |
Hellmut Nietner | 1991-2001 |
Bert Horn | 2001– |
In the local elections on March 15, 2020, Bert Horn (CSU) was re-elected with 56.37% of the vote.
coat of arms
Blazon
"In blue a silver fountain temple, in which a silver fountain rises from a golden basin, elevated by the golden capital letter" R "."
interpretation
The color scheme of the coat of arms is based on the Bavarian state colors white and blue. The temple with a spring is reminiscent of the temple spring in Bad Steben. The “R” indicates that the source contains radon . It is not a reference to the Rennsteig , which begins in Blankenstein (Rosenthal am Rennsteig) , 5 km away .
Culture and sights
Buildings
- Bad Steben town hall
- Old fortified church of St. Walburga with Secco paintings from around 1500; the origin of the church goes back to the year 1009, it was the mother church of many churches and chapels in the Franconian Forest
- Luther Church from 1910 (Art Nouveau, reinforced concrete construction with exposed concrete )
- Alexander von Humboldt House (private property)
- Altes Bergamt (new building, private property)
- Kurpark with a column-changing hall ("Kolonnaden") and Kurhaus, in which the graphics museum Stiftung Schreiner is located
- Klenzebau in the park, 1837 bathhouse designed by Leo von Klenze built
- Therme Bad Steben im Kurpark, opened in 2004, expansion by a four-star spa hotel in 2008/09 was planned, in which guests can go directly from the rooms to the spa, but was postponed indefinitely due to a lack of investors
- Bad Steben casino
- Old town hall of the former municipality of Bobengrün
- Abandoned marble quarry Horwagen in the district of Bobengrün, today one of the 100 most beautiful geotopes in Bavaria
Medicinal water springs
In Bad Steben there are three healing water sources for drinking and bathing cures:
- Temple source (water containing radon), see also Bad Steben's coat of arms
- Meadow spring (calcium hydrogen carbonate acid)
- Max-Marien-Quelle (Calcium-Magnesium-Hydrogencarbonat Säuerling) Source: Langenau, Geroldsgrün municipality
The mineral springs initially belonged to the Duke of Andechs-Meranien . Between 1248 and 1407 they became the property of the Counts of Orlamünde and from 1407 to 1622 they became the property of the nobles of Wallenfels . In 1622 they came into the possession of the Margraves of Bayreuth and were handed over to the community in 1751. They sold the mineral springs to the state of Bavaria for 600 guilders .
sport and freetime
- Bad Steben casino
- Outdoor pool at the Franconian health clinic
- TSV Bad Steben's soccer field
- Froschbachtal near the district of Bobengrün
- Höllental and Rennsteig approx. Three kilometers away
Regular events
- On January 6th, the CSU invites you to the Epiphany meeting in Bad Steben. The main speakers are mostly top politicians: Edmund Stoiber (2007), Günther Beckstein (2008), Horst Seehofer (2009) or Karl-Theodor zu Guttenberg (2010).
- On Shrove Sunday, the Carnival Society 1968 e. V. Bad Steben a big carnival parade. The move takes place every two years with an odd number of years.
- Spring and autumn parish fairs: The two parish fairs (May 1st and second Sunday in October) in Bad Steben are important beyond the town. A parish fair is held in the village, which is very well attended. Deutsche Bahn is therefore increasing its trains during the festive season and mostly using double multiple units.
- Every year at Whitsun , the Whitsun conference of the YMCA takes place in the Bobengrün district .
- The hot air balloon festival (also known as the balloon festival ) took place annually in August until 2009 on the moor meadows behind the Bad Steben thermal baths .
- Ski jumping competitions: On the Frankenwaldschanze of WSV Bad Steben up to three competitions were held annually until 2010, some of which were international. In 2010 the hill was closed due to structural defects, the WSV Bad Steben disbanded in early 2012.
- The Bad Steben casino organizes a summer festival.
Economy and Infrastructure
traffic
Bad Steben can be reached by car via the A 9 motorway 10 km to the east , junction 31 Berg / Bad Steben. State road 2196 leads to Naila to federal road 173 (Hof – Kronach) and to Blankenstein in Thuringia.
The connection to the railway network is established every hour via the Bad Steben – Hof railway line .
The place is on the Euregio Egrensis long-distance cycle path .
media
Bad Steben has its own Internet distribution system using television and fiber optic cable modems , which is administered by the Bad Steben television antenna community (FAG).
Public facilities
- Bad Steben is a health resort and the highest Bavarian state spa .
- Five large rehabilitation clinics, two of which belong to the German Pension Insurance , make Bad Steben known nationwide.
- The newly built casino was opened in Bad Steben on March 23, 2001. The Bad Steben casino is part of the State Lottery Administration in Bavaria , which operates a total of nine casinos .
- On December 17, 2004, the Bad Steben thermal baths opened in the health center.
- In the cemetery, 20 unknown concentration camp prisoners are buried in a collective grave , who lost their lives in the spring of 1945 on a death march from Buchenwald to Flossenbürg concentration camp in nearby Höllental, as a memorial plaque commemorates.
- Office of the Office for Food, Agriculture and Forests Münchberg
Established businesses
In addition to Staatsbad GmbH, the largest companies are Luitpold Apotheke , one of the largest mail-order pharmacies in Germany , as well as Sommermann (women's clothing) and therma-Fensterbau (plastic windows) in the Bobengrün district and Brühl & Sippold (upholstered furniture) in the Carlsgrün district. E.ON operates a substation between Bad Steben and the Schafhof district, which transforms from 110 kV to 10 kV. The guitar amplifier manufacturer Diezel has its production site there.
Personalities
- Ernst Hepp (1878–1968), lawyer and botanist
- Anita Mally (1948–1999), actress
- Kurt Heinze (1886–1979), head forester in Bad Steben
- Alexander von Humboldt (1769-1859), natural scientist, lived and worked in Bad Steben from 1792 to 1795.
Community partnerships
literature
- Johann Kaspar Bundschuh : Steben . In: Geographical Statistical-Topographical Lexicon of Franconia . tape 5 : S-U . Verlag der Stettinische Buchhandlung, Ulm 1802, DNB 790364328 , OCLC 833753112 , Sp. 412 ( digitized version ).
- Johann Kaspar Bundschuh : Untereben . In: Geographical Statistical-Topographical Lexicon of Franconia . tape 5 : S-U . Verlag der Stettinische Buchhandlung, Ulm 1802, DNB 790364328 , OCLC 833753112 , Sp. 650-651 ( digitized version ).
- Georg Paul Hönn : Steben . In: Lexicon Topographicum of the Franconian Craises . Johann Georg Lochner, Frankfurt and Leipzig 1747, p. 295-296 ( digitized version ).
- Emil Neidiger : Bad Steben, the Bavarian state bath in the Franconian Forest. In: Franconian bathing trips in old and new times, Frankenbund, Würzburg 1965, p. 65f
- Pleikard Joseph Stumpf : Steben (lower) . In: Bavaria: a geographical-statistical-historical handbook of the kingdom; for the Bavarian people . Second part. Munich 1853, p. 617 ( digitized version ).
Web links
- Homepage
- Entry on the coat of arms of Bad Steben in the database of the House of Bavarian History
Individual evidence
- ↑ "Data 2" sheet, Statistical Report A1200C 202041 Population of the municipalities, districts and administrative districts 1st quarter 2020 (population based on the 2011 census) ( help ).
- ↑ Mayor. Bad Steben municipality, accessed on May 25, 2020 .
- ↑ Bavarian State Library Online
- ↑ http://www.frankenpost.de/region/naila/naila/Staat-hat-grosse-Plaene-mit-Altem-Kurhaus;art2443,5327312
- ^ Wilhelm Volkert (ed.): Handbook of Bavarian offices, communities and courts 1799–1980 . CH Beck, Munich 1983, ISBN 3-406-09669-7 , p. 530 .
- ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer GmbH, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 687 .
- ↑ Results of local elections 2020. OK.VOTE, March 15, 2020, accessed on May 19, 2020 .
- ↑ Results of local elections 2020. OK.VOTE, March 15, 2020, accessed on May 19, 2020 .
- ↑ Results of local elections 2020. OK.VOTE, March 15, 2020, accessed on May 19, 2020 .
- ↑ Entry on the coat of arms of Bad Steben in the database of the House of Bavarian History
- ↑ Kurpark. Retrieved April 21, 2019 .
- ↑ Location map for the Royal Bavarian. Bad Steben, printed by M. Schumann Bayreuth, design by Martin Rockelmann, master builder and mayor of Steben
- ↑ https://www.spielbanken-bayern.de/bad-steben/
- ↑ http://www.frankenpost.de/nachrichten/hofrehau/heimatspiegel/art2437,1160272
- ↑ Memorial sites for the victims of National Socialism. A documentation, volume 1. Federal Agency for Civic Education , Bonn 1995, ISBN 3-89331-208-0 , p. 118