Zell in the Fichtel Mountains

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coat of arms Germany map
Coat of arms of the market in Zell in the Fichtelgebirge
Zell in the Fichtel Mountains
Map of Germany, position of the market in Zell in the Fichtel Mountains highlighted

Coordinates: 50 ° 8 '  N , 11 ° 49'  E

Basic data
State : Bavaria
Administrative region : Upper Franconia
County : court
Height : 623 m above sea level NHN
Area : 31.25 km 2
Residents: 1928 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density : 62 inhabitants per km 2
Postal code : 95239
Area code : 09257
License plate : HO , MÜB , NAI, REH , SAN
Community key : 09 4 75 189
LOCODE : DE ZMF
Market structure: 17 districts

Market administration address : 		Bahnhofstrasse 10
95239 Zell
Website : www.markt-zell.de
Mayor : Horst Penzel ( ÜWG / non-partisan voter community )
Location of the market in Zell in the Fichtel Mountains in the Hof district
Schwarzenbach an der Saale Zell im Fichtelgebirge Weißdorf Trogen (Oberfranken) Töpen Stammbach Sparneck Selbitz (Oberfranken) Schwarzenbach am Wald Schauenstein Rehau Regnitzlosau Oberkotzau Naila Münchberg Lichtenberg (Oberfranken) Konradsreuth Köditz Issigau Helmbrechts Geroldsgrün Gattendorf (Oberfranken) Feilitzsch Döhlau Berg (Oberfranken) Bad Steben Landkreis Kronach Hof (Saale) Landkreis Wunsiedel im Fichtelgebirge Landkreis Kulmbach Landkreis Bayreuth Martinlamitzer Forst-Nord Geroldsgrüner Forst Gerlaser Forst Forst Schwarzenbach a.Wald Sachsen Thüringen Tschechienmap
About this picture
Template: Infobox municipality in Germany / maintenance / market
Zell in the Fichtel Mountains from the southwest
Market square in Zell im Fichtelgebirge

Zell im Fichtelgebirge (until 2007: Zell ) is a market in the Upper Franconian district of Hof . The community is located in the Fichtelgebirge Nature Park and is a state-approved resort .

geography

location

The main town of the market town is located between the towns of Hof and Bayreuth, about five kilometers from federal highway 2 and about ten kilometers from federal highway 9. The Saale rises from the Waldstein in the Fichtelgebirge near Zell im Fichtelgebirge . You can explore the area on 30 kilometers of marked hiking trails.

Community structure

The municipality of Zell im Fichtelgebirge is divided into 17 districts (population in brackets):

  • Erbsbuhl (5)
  • Friedmannsdorf (114)
  • Grossenau (94)
  • Grosslosnitz (83)
  • Kleinlosnitz (24)
  • Solve (77)
  • Moedlenreuth (37)
  • Oberhaid (15)
  • Rieglersreuth (27)
  • Schnackenhof (29)
  • Steinbühl
  • Tannenreuth (21)
  • Unterhaid (17)
  • Forest hut
  • Waldstein (3)
  • Walpenreuth (101)
  • Zell in the Fichtel Mountains

history

Stone age

During the excavations at the Ostburg on the Waldstein by Karl Dietel , several Stone Age tools and finds were unearthed. These few finds, however, are no evidence of an early settlement of the summit and the surrounding forests, but only show that as early as 1000 to 1800 BC. First hunters and gatherers roamed the forests around the Waldstein.

The foundation of the place

Zell is likely to have been founded under Bishop Hermann I of Bamberg (1065-1075), as it was first mentioned as cella waltstein when it was acquired by Bishop Otto I (1102-1139) . In all likelihood, the first monk's hermitage was on the Waldstein. However, as early as the 1960s, Karl Dietel refuted the assumption that it could have been the chapel of the former Ostburg . He assumes the most likely use of the cell as a rest stop for traveling pilgrims. The location on a medieval highway over the Waldstein also speaks for this thesis. In the 11th century this traffic route - which came from the Franconian Alb , climbed the steep mountain edge near Goldkronach and then reached the village of Rekkenz, which is considered the forerunner of the town of Hof and the center of the Regnitzland - gained significantly in importance. The hermitage was supplied by a nearby larger monastic settlement. The assumption that it was the Münchberg monastery is unlikely, as the existence of this facility has not yet been proven. (see also: History of the city of Münchberg and buildings in the city of Münchberg: Siebenbrüderhaus ).

Terms such as “Czell” (1323), “zu der Czell” (1441) and the dialect expression “nei die Zell” confirm that the origin of the village of Zell is supposed to be a monk's hospice.

In addition to caring for the pilgrims, the Christianization of the Gentiles is also a possible reason for building the cell. Bishop Gunther (1057-1065) stated at the Bamberg Synod in 1059 that a small number of Slavic settlers in his diocese still adhered to pagan customs. Frequently occurring names of Slavic origin such as Förmitz, Seulbitz, Losnitz or Pulschnitz speak for the settlement of individual areas by Slavs .

Late Middle Ages and Early Modern Times

After more than 200 years, the place was mentioned for the next time on March 7, 1323 in a document from Ludwig of Bavaria . At the request of Johann von Sparneck, he enfeoffed the brothers Eberhard and Ulrich von Bindlach with a third of Münchberg and estates in several neighboring villages, including Zell. The “Söldengütlein” named in 1439 may have been the inn belonging to the cell, the predecessor of today's Gasthof zum Roten Roß. A chapel was later built near the monk's cell, which was first mentioned in the archdeaconate register of 1421. Even before 1475, Zell was raised to its own parish. In 1523 the Waldsteinburg was destroyed (see Wandereisen woodcuts from 1523 ), whose property also included Zell.

Based on a directory of the parishes around Münchberg in the years 1525 to 1564, one can determine that in the places Münchberg, Zell, Sparneck , Weißdorf, Hallerstein, Stammbach, Helmbrechts and Gefrees, the separation from the Bamberg diocese had been sought since 1525. During the Hussite War , Zell and the surrounding communities were badly damaged. In 1550, Margrave Albrecht Alcibiades von Brandenburg-Kulmbach acquired the area from the Franconian line of the Hohenzollern as an imperial fief . During the Second Margrave War in 1553, Zell came between the camps of Albrecht Alcibiades and King Ferdinand , whose aim was both to conquer the city of Hof and to take the fiefs belonging to Albrecht. However, the area remained under the rule of the Franconian Hohenzollern for the next 250 years.

In the 16th century, the following mines , "the Ottilienzeche, the old Wunsiedler colliery, the Heilig-Drei-Königs-Stollen, the Kaiser-Heinrich-Stollen" and five pits were mentioned.

17th to 19th century

The oldest depiction of Zell from 1844

During the Thirty Years' War (1618-1648) the morale of the Zell population deteriorated noticeably, with inflation also playing a major role. During this time there is talk of several attacks by Zell residents. The plague also raged heavily at that time and wiped out the citizens. Over 150 people died from the Black Death between 1601 and 1699. During a renovation of the church, mass graves were found that had been sealed with a thick layer of lime. They were probably plague deaths. In the 17th century, two shepherds were named in Zell, who each looked after half of the community's sheep. The mining industry, which came to a standstill during the Hussite Wars and then flourished again, was shut down again during this period.

After the death of the last descendant of Albrecht Alcibiades, the Margrave Friedrich Christian († January 20, 1769), his closest relative, the Margrave of Ansbach Karl Alexander, also took over the government of the Margrave of Kulmbach, now known as the Margrave of Bayreuth. Since he was childless and therefore also had no heir to the throne, the margrave concluded an alliance with the Prussian King Friedrich Wilhelm II , a representative of the Brandenburg-Prussian Hohenzollern, on January 16, 1791, and signed an alliance with him for an annual annuity of 300,000 guilders the two Franconian margravates. On January 28, 1792, Zell fell to Prussia along with the Münchberg-Stockenroth Oberamt .

In the 1790s, the famous natural scientist Alexander von Humboldt visited Zell a number of times. a. for geological studies. Humboldt was Prussian chief miner at the time, and so in 1794 he also inspected the yellow chalk mine at the source of the Saale , which was active at the time . In 1797 he discovered that the Haidberg rock is magnetic.

The rule of the Prussian king over the Margraviate of Bayreuth was ended after only 15 years by the Napoleonic Wars . In the Peace of Tilsit in 1807, the margravate and with it Zell went first to France and in 1810 to the young Kingdom of Bavaria . The previously jointly administered places Sparneck and Zell became separate rural communities in 1818.

In 1826 and 1831, large fires destroyed numerous houses on the market square, which was then rebuilt according to plans by “construction manager” Dietrich. By relocating individual houses, a straighter arrangement of the streets was achieved.

The weaving trade flourished in Zell in the 19th century . In the most profitable years there were 202 handlooms in the village.

20th and 21st centuries

The old city arms of Zell

From 1902 to 1972 there was the Münchberg – Zell local railway , which in addition to Zell and Münchberg also served the villages of Sparneck, Weißdorf and the granite works in Reinersreuth. In 1903, Zell received a modern high-pressure water pipe, which made the old stone troughs for collecting the spring water disappear. In 1904, the Georg Schlegel company, Münchberg , founded a mechanical colored weaving mill in Zell, the factory buildings of which still exist as part of the former Müller company. There has been an electrical lighting system in Zell since 1909. The existing swimming pool was expanded for the first time in 1930. Before it was a bathing pond. The old schoolhouse built in 1877/78 could no longer cope with the increase in children in the community in the 1960s, and so a new schoolhouse was inaugurated in 1965. The old one was demolished and the new town hall was built in its place in 1980. Since this year, the municipality of Zell has consisted of the market itself and the places Friedmannsdorf, Großenau, Kleinlosnitz and Walpenreuth.

On January 1, 1971, the previously independent community of Grossenau was incorporated. On January 1, 1972, Walpenreuth was added. The community of Kleinlosnitz followed on July 1, 1972. Finally, on May 1, 1978 Friedmannsdorf became a district of the market cell.

On November 24, 2006, on the initiative of André Puchta, 683 years after the first documentary mention of Zell, the community applied for a formal name addition procedure with the designation "Zell im Fichtelgebirge". Thus, after 25 years, such a process was initiated again in the district of Hof. According to the decision of the District Office in Hof, Zell has had the name extension since July 15, 2007.

Population development

In the period from 1988 to 2018, the population fell from 2139 to 1921 by 218 or 10.2%. On December 31, 2002, Zell had 2301 inhabitants.

politics

Market council election 2020
(in %)
 %
40
30th
20th
10
0
35.88
29.23
18.74
16.14
ÜWG
AWB

mayor

Horst Penzel (non-partisan voter community) has been the successor of Albrecht Dietel (SPD / Independent) as First Mayor since the local elections in 2008. In the local elections on March 15, 2020, he was re-elected with 53.68% of the vote.

Market council

The municipal council has 14 members who are distributed as follows:

Party / list 2020 election Election 2014 2008 election
Non-partisan voter community 5 6th 5
CSU 3 4th 5
SPD / Independent - 4th 4th
SPD 2 - -
Active Waldstein citizens 4th - -

The municipal council has 14 members. Another member and chairman of the municipal council is the mayor. In the local elections on March 15, 2020, 1,111 of the 1,658 residents entitled to vote in the Zell im Fichtelgebirge market exercised their right to vote, bringing the turnout to 67.01%.

coat of arms

The coat of arms of Zell is “quartered, 1 and 3 again quartered with the colors red and silver. In a silver stalked leaf on a black background, in 4 a black stalked leaf on a silver background. "

Public facilities

Educational institutions

  • Elementary and middle school
  • Community library in the town hall

Leisure and sports facilities

  • Heated outdoor pool
  • Tennis facility (Tennis Club Waldstein e.V.)
  • FC Zell sports grounds
  • TSV Zell sports grounds
  • Special airfield Zell-Haidberg of the Luftsportgruppe Münchberg e. V.
  • Marked circular hiking trails
  • Basketball court in winter ice hockey
  • Forest nature trail

Culture and sights

theatre

Farm museum in the Kleinlosnitz district

museum

Buildings

  • St. Gallus Church (Evangelical Lutheran)
  • Buildings on the Great Waldstein

Architectural monuments

Natural monuments

Spring version of the Saxon Saale

The natural monuments belonging to the area are mainly to be found in the area around the Großer Waldstein . These are mainly rock groups, including the Druidenfelsen, the Schanze, the Bruckschlagfelsen, the Waagstein, the Bärenfangfelsen and the Arnsteinfelsen . Another natural monument is the source of the Saale and its surroundings.

Regular events

  • Local festival and meadow festival (Haidberg festival area)
  • STARS in the region (charity mega party)
  • STARS of the Night (Charity Megaparty)
  • Airfield Festival (Luftsportgruppe Münchberg)
  • Herbstkirchweih (market square)
  • Christmas market (market square)
  • Haidbergkerwa (rural youth group Großlosnitz)
  • Spring festival of VolXmusik (rural youth group Großlosnitz)
  • Losnitzer Oktoberfest (rural youth group Großlosnitz)
  • Lösten Wine Festival (Dorfgemeinschaft Lösten e.V.)
  • Schotterkärwa (Losnitzer Kärwagemeinschaft)

traffic

literature

  • Karl Dietel : The Great Waldstein in the Fichtel Mountains . 1st edition. tape 7 . Münchberg District Education Office, Münchberg 1968.
  • Karl Dietel: The historical development of the district of Münchberg . 2nd Edition. tape 4 . Münchberg District Education Office, Münchberg 1966.
  • Reinhard Raithel: Zell - A home book . Ed .: Markt Zell. 1st edition. Geiger-Verlag, Horb am Neckar 1998, ISBN 3-89570-411-3 .

Web links

Commons : Zell im Fichtelgebirge  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ "Data 2" sheet, Statistical Report A1200C 202041 Population of the municipalities, districts and administrative districts 1st quarter 2020 (population based on the 2011 census) ( help ).
  2. ↑ bayerische-landesbibliothek-online.de
  3. ↑ Karl Dietel: The Grosse Waldstein in the Fichtelgebirge (= Between Waldstein and Döbraberg. Volume 7)., P. 37.
  4. ^ Karl Dietel: The Grosse Waldstein in the Fichtelgebirge (= Between Waldstein and Döbraberg. Volume 7). P. 43 f.
  5. ↑ Reinhard Raithel: Zell - Ein Heimatbuch , p. 25.
  6. ↑ Karl Dietel: Münchberg Chronicle of an Official and Industrial City, pp. 67–69
  7. ^ Karl Dietel: The Grosse Waldstein in the Fichtelgebirge (= Between Waldstein and Döbraberg. Volume 7). P. 44.
  8. ↑ Ernst Schwarz: Language and Settlement in Northeast Bavaria. P. 361 f.
  9. ^ Karl Dietel: The Grosse Waldstein in the Fichtelgebirge ( Between Waldstein and Döbraberg. Volume 7). P. 45.
  10. ^ Heinrich Weber: Bishopric and Archbishopric Bamberg , 1895, p. 76 f.
  11. ^ Johann Christian Pachelbel: Detailed description of the Fichtelberg , 1716, pp. 23-25.
  12. ↑ Reinhard Raithel: Zell - Ein Heimatbuch , p. 32.
  13. ^ Frank Holl , Eberhard Schulz-Lüpertz: I made such big plans there ... Alexander von Humboldt in Franconia. In: Franconian history. Volume 18. Schrenk, Gunzenhausen 2012, ISBN 978-3-924270-74-2 .
  14. ^ Wilhelm Volkert (ed.): Handbook of Bavarian offices, communities and courts 1799–1980 . C. H. Beck'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Munich 1983, ISBN 3-406-09669-7 , p. 526 .
  15. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer GmbH, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 688 .
  16. ^ Frankenpost : Official since yesterday evening: "Zell im Fichtelgebirge" . July 16, 2007.
  17. ^ StBA: Changes in the municipalities in Germany, see 2007
  18. ↑ Results of local elections 2020. OK.VOTE, March 15, 2020, accessed on May 20, 2020 .
  19. ↑ First mayor / lord mayor in the municipalities belonging to the district as of May 1, 2008 with and without a change in office holder
  20. ↑ Results of local elections 2020. OK.VOTE, March 15, 2020, accessed on May 20, 2020 .
  21. ↑ https://www.markt-zell.de/media/1353/abschlendes-result-zell-mgr.pdf
  22. ↑ Site Markt Zell: Municipal Council
  23. ↑ Results of local elections 2020. OK.VOTE, March 15, 2020, accessed on May 20, 2020 .