Buildings in the city of Münchberg
This article describes the distinctive buildings in the town of Münchberg in the Hof district in Upper Franconia .
Sacred buildings
Evangelical Lutheran City Church Peter and Paul
The Evangelical-Lutheran city church Peter and Paul, built by Karl Kaufmann from 1867–1872 as a neo-Gothic sandstone block building, is the sixth building at this location.
Since Münchberg received a first clergyman in 1308, one can assume that a church or chapel already existed at that time. Mulzer suspects that a small chapel was only built after the Münchberg market was founded. Karl Dietel even goes so far that a church already existed in the 12th century in order to be able to provide for the Christians living there, and refers to the foundation of the parish around 1240. The first documented mention of a church was in 1388, was mentioned as an altar of Mary for the Münchberg church. This church was damaged by the Hussites in 1430. The successor building was destroyed in the town fire in 1534, but was largely rebuilt by 1537. In 1562 the tower threatened to collapse, which was later reminded of a stone block on the tower. From 1702 to 1709 the town church was completely rebuilt, which however fell victim to the next fire in 1729. In 1731, under Margrave Georg Friedrich Karl , a new building began again, which was completed in 1734. The whitewashed onion dome provided with a circumference burned down in 1837 and in 1842 the construction of the tower on the west facade began. The construction work was stopped a year later because the foundations had proven to be inadequate. In 1864 the demolition of the entire church began. In 1867 the foundation stone of today's church was laid.
The new city church was planned and executed according to the specifications of the new church in Upper Franconia . The church has seven entrances; The baptistery, built in 1933, is located at the main entrance . The angel on the choir arch and the baptismal angel were taken over from the previous building, which burned down in 1837 . The neo-Gothic altar, acquired with the help of a foundation in 1931, is a replica of a work by Veit Stoss . The pulpit has been moved twice, which can be seen from the marks on the central pillar of the church.
The sacristy was not originally built : the stairwell on the northeast side was used for this until it was built at the beginning of the 20th century. Skylights were installed over the aisles and light shafts were broken into the walls so that the sunlight could penetrate the church. At the beginning of the 20th century the shafts were walled up because they had become leaky; the skylights are still there. The original stone vault of the ceiling had to be replaced by a lighter wooden beam vault in 1893/84 due to structural problems. Due to incorrectly cut stone blocks and a faulty foundation that allegedly could not have carried the weight of the tower, work on the 70 meter high tower was suspended for a long time until it was completed in 1872 without reinforcing the foundation. During the examination of the foundation in 2006, no abnormalities were found that would have indicated a safety risk. However, in the past five years, smaller blocks of stone have broken out of the masonry several times. Even before the tower was completed, the bells, which hung in a wooden bell house on the church square for 32 years, were installed in the new tower in 1869. In 1872 the first wrought iron tower clock was installed, which kept the time until 1926. A year later, the Georg Rorgensee tower clock factory from Graefenberg delivered a new cast iron movement and renewed the dials. This work is still in the tower today, but has now been equipped with a radio mechanism. The church was renovated for the first time in 1960, with the purple roses on the ceiling painting being whitewashed. Another renovation has been ongoing since 2006. The bells of the town church, which had been removed for melting down during the Second World War, could be found and retrieved after the war in the bell cemetery near Hamburg .
Ferdinand Behringer's neo-Gothic altar and pulpit were purchased in 1872. The altar made in 1734 by Johann Gabriel Räntz , the pulpit from 1723 by the same master and the organ acquired in the 18th century were lost. The wooden baptismal angel made in the 19th century and the wooden angel on the choir arch around 1733 are noteworthy . Its counterpart was also lost. A wooden relief of the coat of arms of Margrave Georg Friedrich Karl zu Brandenburg-Bayreuth (1726–1735) was framed by the two angels in the baroque church. The coat of arms relief is now above the main entrance, flanked by two memorial plaques for the fallen of the two world wars. A war memorial from 1926 for the dead of the First World War, which also included the Archangel Michael, now attached to the left gallery, was replaced by these panels after 1945.
Evangelical rectory
The rectory on Kirchplatz was built in 1570 over a medieval core. After the destruction of the Thirty Years' War it was only poorly repaired in 1654 and after the fire of 1701 it was also only provisionally restored; In 1718 it was completely renovated. From 1756 to 1766 the east wing was enlarged to the north and east and the south wing was repaired. In 1919/20 it was given a second floor.
On the east-facing facade there are five arches on the ground floor and twelve windows on each of the upper floors. Since the building is on a lower level than the town church, direct access to the upper floor is possible from the church. This entrance was designed as a porch with a flat gable and a basket arched window. The door stone is a rounded house stone and the initials FC ( Friedrich Christian Margrave of Brandenburg-Bayreuth ) are engraved in the top stone. On the upper floor there are several rooms with a vaulted ceiling. The north-western part contains a chapter house with curved frame decorations made of stucco, as can also be found in the eastern suite. The ceiling of the northern room is decorated with stucco flowers. This is followed by an alcove with a room that is opened like a basket arch . The words REPARIRT ANNO 1684 can be seen on the facade of the south wing and under the western part there is a barrel-vaulted medieval cellar. The east wing has a mansard roof , the south wing a hipped roof . There are groin and barrel vaults throughout the house . Remains of the city wall, which was torn down in the middle of the 18th century, are visible in the basement.
Evangelical Lutheran cemetery church to the Himmelspforte
In the middle of the 16th century, the cemetery was moved to the city gates for fear of epidemics . The chapel built at that time was demolished in 1745 and replaced by the current one. In 1806 the church was used as an ammunition store, so it had to be renovated in 1818.
The cemetery church is in the southern part of the municipal cemetery. The hall building has four axes and a 5/8 end - groin vault and arched windows. The roof over the plastered and painted white facade is hipped and runs towards a tower structure that cuts into the roof and consists of a curved dome with a lantern .
The interior is surrounded on three sides by two-storey wooden towers in the Tuscan style with twisted wooden balusters . The stucco decoration, made in 1748 and renewed in 1926, shows putti heads in some places . Above the altar from 1749/50 is the heavenly gate with the eye of God , from which the church takes its name. The organ was built in the neo-renaissance style in 1861/62 . The stalls date from the first half of the 19th century. A wooden figure of the risen one is dated to the 17th century. On the outside of the church there are epitaphs whose counterparts are owned by the Germanisches Nationalmuseum Nürnberg . They date from the 16th to the 18th century. The slug panes, which represented the Münchberg handicrafts, were replaced by plain panes in 1926. On the outside there are numerous grave monuments from the 16th to 18th centuries made of Wunsiedler marble .
Catholic rectory
For centuries Münchberg was almost entirely Protestant and therefore did not have a Catholic church . The few Catholics were looked after by the pilgrimage parish Marienweiher during this time , which meant a walk of almost three hours to attend a church service. When the railway construction began in Münchberg in the middle of the 19th century , more Catholics came to the city, who founded the Catholic Church Association in 1893 with the aim of building a church in Münchberg. Only a year later, the prayer house in the neo-Romanesque style in Webergasse was inaugurated. Even then it contained an apartment for the permanent pastor of the curate ; the first clergyman, Heinrich Schneider, did not move there until 1895. After the completion of the Catholic Church of the Holy Family (see there) the building was rededicated as a rectory. The building has six window axes on the long side. The ground floor with arched windows was made of exposed brickwork. The upper floor, on the other hand, has rectangular window openings, which are framed on the front with round arches made of plaster of paris. The two floors are separated from each other by a strap . In the gable directly above the entrance on the long side, two arched windows are close together separated by a column, above which there is a small round window. A band running around the front sides with small semicircular recesses on the underside also continues in the gable. At the front on the second floor there are also two windows separated by a column, which are framed by two round openings. The building has a gable roof .
Catholic parish church to the holy family
The church was built in 1905 in neo-Romanesque style and consecrated on December 16, 1906. The altar, made of shell limestone in 1920 , shows the birth of Jesus , the adoration of the wise men , the flight to Egypt and the baby Jesus in the temple in four Art Nouveau scenes . It contains relics of Saints Amanda and Urban . There is a crucifixion group above the choir vault and a way of the cross on the side walls since 1962 . A portrait of Mary on the right side of the transept comes from the time of the first Catholic services in the city after the Reformation; a statue of Anthony stands in the far corner. The old baptismal font is set up at the entrance. Due to the Second Vatican Council , renovation work on the church became necessary. So a people's altar was built; the confessionals were replaced by confession chambers from the former sacristy in the prayer house, today's rectory. A new sacristy with youth rooms was built in the basement. The colorful painting from 1929 was whitewashed; the pews were replaced by movable chairs. Simple panes were used in place of the painted altar windows in Nazarene style . The inauguration of the new equipment took place on October 7, 1973. In 1998 the organ from 1914 was replaced by a new one. The bells melted down during the First World War were replaced by new steel bells in 1922.
Secular buildings
town hall
The two-storey eaves side house in Ludwigstrasse was built in 1840 by Erhard Krauss and Peter Flessa from sandstone blocks. The construction intern Simon was the construction manager. The windows with profiled webbing and the portal are arched. On the right side of the portal iron bars are attached to measure the ulna and foot . The roof with a ridge rises above a console cornice . This has round arched sound windows and a slated tower helmet. There is a sail vault in the southwest room on the ground floor. This consists of two wide arches that form a 90-degree angle. The shapes in the gaps resemble billowing ship sails.
Before 1630 the town hall stood further down on Ludwigstrasse. After the fire of 1637 it was rebuilt at its current location and after the last big city fire in 1837 it was expanded with the adjoining house to the south, which made the side of the street wider. The attic was used to store the margraves' tithe grain .
court House
The building on Ludwigstrasse was built in 1839 as a classical building with a hipped roof by Erhard Krauss. The two-storey plastered house has a high basement made of sandstone blocks and a profiled belt strap under the windows on the upper floor. The portal, which can be reached via a double flight of stairs, and the windows are rounded.
In 1962 arcades were built into the basement facing the Amtsgasse . Today the building houses a branch of the vocational school for social care Ahornberg as well as an office of the employment agency and the job center Hof-Land.
District Court
The building on Hofer Strasse, built in 1862, housed the Royal District Court , which was later renamed the District Court , from 1862 to 1974, when the Münchberg district was integrated into the Hof district .
Then the building was converted into a student dormitory.
The original building is hidden by a three-story extension. On the side that is visible from the street, it has three rectangular windows on the ground floor, while they are arranged irregularly on the first floor. The two floors are separated by a belt. The first floor is crowned by a double strap. Above this is a sloped second storey, which has three-sided bay windows at the corners. There, three belt straps run around the building, which is closed off by a crooked roof. The three-story extension on the street side takes up the two belt straps on the ground floor and first floor. The windows on the top floor have decorations on the lower edges. The building has a hipped roof with a single and a double gable on the street side.
The former gallows stood within sight of Hofer Straße on the site of today's city park.
Rent Office
In 1775 the Chamber Councilor Achatius Vogel built the first office building for the Kastner at Ludwigstrasse 13. The building cost 1,600 guilders. He sold it to the margrave in 1783 for the same amount and received an additional compensation of 78 ½ guilders for the cellars dug into the rock. After the last big city fire in 1837, the caste office was moved to Hofer Straße 12 and in 1894 to Hofer Straße 1. Today the tax office is located in the building.
The building, which stands on a small hill, has seven window axes on the ground floor and eight on the first floor on the street front. On the ground floor, the windows crown small plasterboards embedded in the masonry with stacked rectangles. These are missing from the three windows in the risalit . On the first floor, these shapes have been used again for all windows, with the panels being a little smaller. The two outer windows in the risalit are crowned by a pointed crown, while the inner one has a round-arched ornamental gable. There are cantilevered ribbons above the other. The triangular gable above the risalit contains three smaller windows with two square boxes each at the lower corners and a round window above. Two dormers flank it on the right and left. On the east side of the house there is a ground floor bay.
House of Seven Brothers
The two-storey, neo-baroque dwelling on Klosterplatz, built in 1790, has a half-hip roof with three to five axes. In addition to corner pilasters and a strap with pilaster strips next to the central axis on the front facing the monastery square, it has a sturdy , profiled cornice and on the upper floor a neo-baroque bay window with two narrow windows on the sides. At the front there is a basket arched window opening with glass in the lower part and stained glass in the upper part. A plasterboard underneath bears the house number. The entrance door is framed with granite reveals . On the roof there is a baroque gable with two smaller window openings and four dormers . Two windows on the ground floor and four upstairs have brown shutters. There are two shop windows to the right of the front door.
The old hospital in Münchberg was demolished in 1790 and city judge Johann Jakob Dietsch built the current building as an infirmary in its place . After a new hospital was built near today's train station, older, frail, poor and disabled citizens were accommodated in the Seven Brothers House. The care was taken over by a begging bailiff who was allowed to beg in the city to earn his living. The headmaster, known as the Spitalmann, and the two night watchmen also lived in the house and in times of epidemics the epidemic sufferers were cared for outside the city gates. Carl Zapf, father of the local history researcher Ludwig Zapf , saw the remains of the Münchberg monastery in the house for a long time. He derived the name Siebenbrüder , which developed from Siechenbrüder , from the fact that six brothers and a provost are said to have stayed in Münchberg . Only Karl Dietel did away with this misjudgment.
Old Poststation Hotel Schwarzer Adler
The Reitende Post , the first postal connection between Nuremberg and Leipzig in 1683, ran over the Große Heerstraße through Münchberg. On September 28, 1686 she managed the 255 kilometers in 67 hours, which was a great effort for the horses. Postillons were stationed and post stations were set up along the route to take care of the animals and feed the travelers . In Münchberg, the bus stop was housed in the Hotel Schwarzer Adler. Postmaster was the landlord.
From July 23, 1693, stagecoaches arrived four times a week . The carriage from Dresden reached Münchberg on Fridays and Mondays at five in the morning, the one from Nuremberg on Wednesday and Sunday at five in the evening. From 1699 there were two connections by a post rider and from 1745 a feeder from Pressath – Kemnath – Wunsiedel – Frankenhammer.
The building was erected in the second half of the 18th century on two floors with gables and a hipped roof. In 1954 it was increased. A tin eagle above the entrance is from an earlier building around 1777.
The current street front of the building in Bahnhofstrasse has nine window axes on three floors. A pharmacy and the Frankenpost office are located on the ground floor . There are arched windows on the ground floor on the south side. The street front on Kulmbacher Strasse (not visible in the photo) was greatly changed by an extension in the middle of the 20th century. The original building had four window axes. On the south facade, which can be seen in the picture, the building has six windows on the first and second floors and four windows on the third floor.
railway station
When King Ludwig I decided in the 1840s to set up a rail link from north to south Bavaria, Münchberg was also connected to the Ludwig-Süd-Nord-Bahn in 1848 . This made it necessary to build a train station .
The first draft by the architect Gottfried Neureuther for a "cheerful" building was from 1844. In the 62-meter-long building, two waiting rooms, rooms for tickets and baggage drop-off, the station manager's apartment, a railroad man's barracks for the chairman and a sleeping room for eight men, a laundry room, a water house with a free-standing crane, an open wagon shed with a shed , a small magazine for storing equipment and public toilets. The king approved the draft after minor changes in 1846, but the financial crisis in the Bavarian state thwarted the plans. Therefore, only a smaller, 29-meter-long building with a loading hall and scales was built, but the "ancient Roman style" desired by the king was implemented. The hierarchical order can be seen on the facade. The headmaster's apartment on the first floor is smaller, the segment-arched windows are lower than the arched windows of the stationmaster's apartment.
In 1875 the expedition bar was expanded and a third class waiting room was added in 1881, which today serves as a restaurant. In 1892 a new goods hall was built. The exposed gneiss masonry with granite corners was plastered in 1902. In 1937/38 the west wing was extended and the counter hall expanded. The building was renovated in 1976/77 and 2002.
During the construction of the Ludwig-Süd-Nord-Bahn , the construction section for the inclined plane was based in Münchberg. At the time, the problem was that the locomotives could not cope with such inclines, coupled with many curves. The first proposal to use a horse-powered towing device was abandoned when six animals died in agony after one of the trains rolled back. The idea finally came up to use locomotives like those used in the USA on such narrow routes. They had a rotating frame and could therefore master the curves without any problems.
When the station was built, there were concerns that the existing old vaults of the medieval cellars would not be able to carry the load. An agreement was finally reached with the owners of the cellars to stabilize them from the inside. Due to these problems, the construction of the reception building had to be postponed again and again, and so the passengers did not even have a small lounge at the opening of the railway. Apart from the water crane and the coal bunker, the Münchberg station was still empty. It was not until October 9, 1854, six years after the opening of the railway, that the company apartments could be occupied. Next to the train station there were two exchange attendant houses, both of which were demolished. One of them served as a railway maintenance office for a long time.
A locomotive shed was to be built to the west of the underpass of Bayreuther Strasse . There was also a water supply point and a turntable for shared use by the local railway. A coal bunker was built in their place. The new goods hall was built in the years 1891–1895 after the hall attached to the station no longer met the requirements. It became known through a 1:87 model from the model railway company Kibri . The listed hall is empty and is to be sold.
The switch towers I and II built in 1895 were in operation until 1937 and were then demolished. The two signal boxes Mo (Münchberg-Ost) and Mwf (Münchberg-West dispatcher) were later built there. The Münchberg train station is now a paradise for railway enthusiasts with its rope hoist technology, which has now been partially dismantled. In 2007 the monitoring station Mo was shut down; the remaining signals in the east head of the station have since been operated electrically by the dispatcher. For this purpose, a container was attached to the Mwf signal box , in which the necessary technology is housed.
There were guard houses along the way. Most of them have disappeared or are privately owned. Many companies such as Aktienfärberei had their own siding.
Bayerischer Hof inn
After the post office was relocated from the Hotel Adler to the upper town, the Gasthof Zum bayerischen Hofe was built in 1831 . Shortly after the opening, a famous personality, the widowed Queen Mathilde Karoline von Bayern, stayed in the premises. Parts of the building burned down in 1834 before being completely destroyed by the city fire on August 12, 1837. The reconstruction went relatively quickly and in 1844 the district office reported about a post station in Münchberg, which was equipped with 24 to 28 horses. After the construction of the Ludwig-Süd-Nord-Bahn , the building lost its importance and when a post office was opened near the train station in 1893, the Bayerischer Hof was converted into an inn. In 1911 the building belonged to the Holper & Langheinrich brewery. The owners Karl Langheinrich and Fritz Holper lived in the building themselves at the time. Since the end of the Second World War, the house has housed a butcher's shop , a beer tavern and a sales point for ice cream. From the 1960s onwards there was only a restaurant, with the building being used by an erotic club from the 1970s to the 1980s .
The building has nine window axes on the street front. The round arch dominates the ground floor . Both the windows and the entrance are designed in this form. A wrought-iron balcony is attached above the entrance and the two windows to the right and left of it, which can be entered through a rectangular balcony door on the upper floor. On both sides there are rectangular windows that rest on the surrounding belt. The trapezoidal roof has three gables on the street side, each with two windows, which are framed on the left and right by two smaller gables with one window each.
Rifle house
In a letter to the city of Münchberg on October 17, 1890, the shooting society agreed to build a new shooting house appropriate for the city and to demolish the previous one-story building. Two days later, the city approved the construction on the condition that city festivities and other activities could also be held there.
The rifle house, which was renovated in 2008, narrowly escaped demolition. The main facade has three arched windows on the upper floor, which are framed by a total of four half-columns. To the left and right of this are two niches that probably contained plaster figures that were lost during the Second World War . A flat gable over the window front has a small round window in the middle. The word “Schützenhaus” is written above the double-winged entrance door, framed by two rectangular windows. There are also pillars that are less ornate than those on the upper floor. A four-step staircase with a wrought iron railing leads to the central wing. The main building is flanked by two identical ancillary buildings, each with two windows with webbing running over them. A bowling alley was added in the 1960s .
Bird shooting has existed since the middle of the 19th century . An imperial eagle with a scepter , crown and orb was carried through the city on a long wooden pole before attempts were made to shoot it down with muzzle-loaders at the rifle house . The best marksman became the bird king . In 1910 bird shooting took place for the last time for police reasons. In 1911 a new eagle was purchased and permanently installed in the large hall of the rifle house for decoration purposes. It was last renovated in 1955.
In 1945 the rifle house sheltered land drivers and refugees. In an expert opinion it was described as "very ailing and shabby". A year later, the cause of an unexplained fire broke out in the house and caused damage. The rooms affected by the fire were designated as “inhumane housing” in 1947, so that the refugees had to be relocated. In the same year, an expert report described the state as “on the verge of decay”. A traveling family was only quartered elsewhere in 1948.
Today only a few regular events take place in the building. The bowling club trains in the attached bowling alley and once a year a dance course is held for high school students. From time to time, smaller amateur plays are staged on the stage.
War memorial on the Rohrbühl
Efforts have been made in Münchberg since the First World War to erect a memorial for the fallen. In 1929, the Rohrbühl was intended for the first time as a site for a monument in the form of a tower . Erich Holzner from Münchberg and Konrad Kühnlein from Selb were commissioned to plan the 23 meter high tower. According to an initial cost estimate by the architect Holzner, 45,500 Reichsmarks (RM) were made available for the construction of the tower. The Münchberg construction business wing was awarded the contract with the condition that only Reinersreuther granite was used , of which 2,500 tons were ultimately used. Construction work began in April 1935. Models by the artist Karl Himmelstoss (1878–1967), who had worked for Rosenthal for a long time, were used for the sculpture work. On November 7th, 1937, the inauguration took place by the Gauleiter and other regional leaders of the National Socialists . In the spring of 1938, the parade route and the horticultural facilities were built according to plans by the Stuttgart architect Lilienfein. The total costs were RM 52,483.94, with the outside staircase with the marching path and the gardens accounting for RM 7374.19.
The base of the tower is a 26.2 x 26.45 meter terrace made of irregularly hewn granite blocks. On the side facing the city there was a 1.70 meter high imperial eagle with a wingspan of 3.80 meters as a symbol of sovereignty. A stone sarcophagus in the memorial chapel inside the tower was adorned with a laurel wreath and a sword . A ring bowl weighing around 1,000 kilograms on the topmost platform was intended for the fire of honor .
After the end of the Second World War, numerous major events took place there, such as a displaced persons rally in 1950, in which 4,000 people took part. In 1971 the four panels with the names of the fallen were dismantled. The planned relocation to the Ehrenhain has not yet taken place; the boards are in the Münchberg City Archives. In 1988 the Schödel company renovated the terrace. On July 15, 2004, on the occasion of the anniversary of the Münchberg textile schools, the tower was covered with panels of fabric. In 2014 the tower was again covered with fabric on the occasion of the 650th anniversary of Münchberg; 580 square meters of light, fireproof fabric as well as 1,100 meters of webbing and edge protection were used.
The building, mostly known today as the Rohrbühlturm , is accessible as an observation tower in the summer months .
schools
Martin Luther School
The school building I was in 1840 after the plans of unrealized office building for the main Salzamt in Bad Reichenhall built. However, the building was stretched a bit. In 1879 the two-storey side wings were raised. This resulted in eight classrooms in the middle section, four apartments for teachers with families and two for unmarried teachers.
As early as 1534, the Latin and German schools stood on the site of today's Luther School, which were repeatedly victims of fires and therefore had to be rebuilt. After the last fire in 1837, the decision was made to build only one schoolhouse. After the increase of Schoolhouse II the old furnaces were in the school building I spent. For the 450th birthday of Martin Luther, the school was renamed the Martin Luther School on November 19, 1933 . The expansion followed in 1955. The building houses the adult education center and the city archive.
Park school
In 1892 there were 744 students in Münchberg, with the smallest class being the girls' subclass with 43 children, the largest being the middle class with 119 students. The cheapest offer of the public submission was 59,566 marks. In March 1895, the construction of a new school building next to the city park began. The schoolhouse II was completed in July 1895, contained eight classrooms, and some have been converted into a gym. In 1906 a detention center was set up because of “repeated uprisings in the provision of advanced training courses”. In 1911 the building was extended and steam heating was installed. The old stoves were placed in school building I. After the municipal gym was built, the classrooms that were used as gyms could again be used as such. The renovation work cost 33,140 marks. In 1934, the NSDAP, which was strongly represented in Münchberg, gave the school the name Hans Schemm School , named after the Gauleiter and later Minister of State. After the end of the war, the institution was renamed the Park School. At the same time, the name Hindenburgpark was changed to Stadtpark . On March 6, 1970, a modern extension of the school was inaugurated. The school building has four window axes to the left and right of the semicircular canopy in the entrance area. The base is clad with granite blocks and has small arched windows. Granite blocks run up to the left and right of the building. On the ground floor there are also arched windows with small rectangles at the two corners of the bottom. Except for two windows in the gable, all have a keystone . The entrance portal is flanked by two pillars, each of which is connected to a vertical strap on each side. They are similar to the ribbons on the corners of the building. The rectangular window openings on the first and second floors take up the decoration of the lower ones in a shrunken manner. The two gable windows on the second floor also have this shape. A single window with a clock above it closes off the gable. The trapezoidal roof runs around a belt and is crowned by a roof turret.
Weaver school
In 1854, at the instigation of local industrialists, the Münchberg weaving school was founded and housed in a building on Bismarckstrasse. In order to purchase the house, which was then owned by Dr. Munzert found that he could finance it and the government made loans available. The basic equipment at that time included eight wide and eight narrow looms and eight winding wheels, on which 16 students could be trained. They had to earn their living by working in a local company. School time made up only 15% of the training time. The school received recognition in the press and at exhibitions, which is why the district council granted a fixed annual grant of 1,600 guilders in 1862 . He freed the school from existential pressure. In 1864 the school was taken over by the district and could be expanded further. After the school was relocated to Kulmbacher Strasse, Kommerzienrat Hermann Jahreiß bought the building, had it added and converted into a weaving school boarding school. For 25 marks a month, “less well-off, hardworking and well-behaved students” could get board and lodging there. After Jahreiß's death, the boarding school became a residential building for employees of the share dyeing factory. Today it is used privately. The former weaving school building consists of two buildings, creating an unusual facade. The left part of the building has four window axes; the two floors are separated by two straps, one with a rectangular pattern on the underside. The trapezoidal roof has a gable top with three arched windows on the street front. The elongated second part of the building adjoins it on the right. There, too, run the two belt straps that visually separate the first floor with nine windows from the ground floor with eight windows and the entrance. The middle window on the upper floor is crowned by a round stucco decoration. Above this is a triangular dormer window with a window. The roof is also trapezoidal.
University
The Royal Higher Weaving School in Kulmbacher Straße was opened on May 23, 1898 as the successor to the weaving school. A year later, for the birthday of Prince Regent Luitpold , the Munich sculptor Erwin Kurz created the allegorical figures of a spinner and a weaver in the interior to the right and left of the entrance. In 1905 an assembly department and a repair shop were set up, and in 1911 a winding , warping , sizing and hemming department followed . In 1919/20 the building was expanded, raised and renamed the State Higher Technical College for the Textile Industry . Three years later a two-story building for hand weaving was put into operation and the building was electrified in 1934/35. From 1936 dyeing lessons were also given and a department for pattern artists was set up. In 1950 the school was expanded as an engineering school and a spinning and finishing department was set up. Four years later, the modernization of the mechanical weaving mill was completed and two years later it was renamed the State Textile and Engineering School Münchberg . In 1961 a building belonging to the NeuTex company was purchased, in which event and laboratory rooms were set up. On March 1, 2001, the school was affiliated to the Hof University of Applied Sciences as the Münchberg department.
The street facade is structured by two side elevations with stylized corner cuboids, which are only slightly protruding and have three coupled windows on each floor . The middle field of the facade has five window axes, of which the two left and the two right are in turn coupled. In the central axis are the individual windows of the two upper floors above the portal on the ground floor, the arched opening of which is flanked by two columns that support a high entablature with an inscription under a flat gable. The base is clad with granite . A horizontal structure running across the entire width of the facade is provided by narrow sill cornices . The building has a hipped roof with five dormers on the street side.
high school
→ See main article: Gymnasium Münchberg
Private buildings and facilities
Felsenkeller on Kreuzberghohlweg
In the 14th century mining was carried out around Münchberg, with gold, silver and copper being mined in particular . From the 15th century, ores were also searched for underground and deep tunnels were driven into the gneiss below the city. The search for the valuable minerals was particularly on the Altstrasse , which connected Münchberg with Sparneck . The rock cellars in the eastern part of the ravine may have emerged from the tunnels .
A total of around 60 cellars were carved into the rock for various purposes. On the eastern side there were sometimes several cellars one above the other. They were mainly used as storage rooms, including for beer barrels. The devices for this can still be seen in one of the rooms. In addition to beer, ice was also stored for cooling the beer and other foods. The ice that broke from the nearby ice pond was temporarily stored in the ice cellar, which was demolished in 1990, and distributed to the citizens. During the Second World War, the cellars were used as an air raid shelter by connecting them together.
Grimmler's house
The Grimmler's house on Kulmbacher Strasse, named after the Grimmler family, was originally a farmhouse or a mill . A hand weaving mill or a reed binding mill was later housed in a side wing attached to the east side. The building is a final witness to the early textile industry in Münchberg. With the redesign as a town villa and office of the Stöckel family, the facade was changed and the west wing was adjusted. After the completion of the villa opposite the company premises, the Stöckel family moved there and the house was rented to Erhard Frisch as a clothing store. The widowed Frau Stöckel lived in the east wing with a housekeeper. After her death, the hospital chief physician Dr. Vorbrugg started his practice there, but he moved away a little later for reasons of age. He was succeeded by the dentists Dr. Müller, who used the western wing as a practice and the central wing as living space. In 1943 Ms. Weisswange moved into the house, which housed many Jewish and refugee families during the war. After the last family left, five apartments were set up on the second floor and the Weisswange stationery shop was set up. After it was taken over by the city, the house was used for the city archive.
The inner courtyard is accessed through a basket arched , granite slab gate entrance with field framing and a gate with fields. A staircase leads from the gate entrance to the upper floor. The plastered street front has ten window axes and a strap. A special feature is the mansard roof of the house.
At present (2009) the upper floor cannot be entered due to the risk of collapse. There is a hand-weaving exhibition on the lower floor. After the demolition, which was prevented at the last moment, its future use is uncertain. The house is considered to be the origin of the Münchberg-based weaving mill Stöckel und Grimmler.
Communal brewery
The building was built by Erhard Krauss in 1850 after the original brewery on Ludwigstrasse burned down in 1837. Even after the founding of four breweries, which had emerged from a private brewery cooperative, the communal brewing industry continued until the brewery was sold by a contract dated March 30, 1922 to Christian Vorteilel. It was closed after he had built his own brewery from 1925 to 1928, the Nutzel-Bräu. Until 1967, the state calibration office was housed in the building that had emerged from the municipal calibration institute. It is currently used as a residential building.
The building has five window axes on the long side. There are lower windows on the first floor. At the front there is a small entrance with a round arched window above it, in addition to two gate entrances. The corners are decorated with ribbons running upwards. The two floors are separated from each other by a strap. At the front, another band separates the attic, which has two rectangular windows and a round one above. Above the four dormers on the gable roof there is another elongated and flat dormer with three windows.
Anger
In the 19th century, the arable bourgeoisie spread in Münchberg. At that time, craftsmen had a small farm in addition to their trade. They therefore built barns next to their houses, which made it easier for the flames to spread during the many city fires. To prevent this, the barns were later built outside the city, which not only made fire prevention easier but also made it easier to enlarge them. Only a few of the rows of barns, such as those in Weißenstadt , have survived.
City pharmacy
The building erected in 1840 by Simon Kraus and Peter Flessa as a classicist eaves side house in the Klenze style stands on the foundation walls of two older houses. The three middle of the seven axes form a flat risalit . Belt straps are attached under the windows and there is a semicircular window in the risalit. The ground floor has several vaulted rooms and a representative external staircase.
The city pharmacy was housed in this building until the new building on Bayreuther Strasse .
Factory owner's villa
The building with a hipped roof and risalit gable , erected in the classicist style in the 19th century, has five to seven axes.
There are straps under the windows of the two-story building. The ground floor windows and portal are arched, the windows on the upper floor each have a straight lintel. There is a semicircular window in the gable of the risalit.
The house became the property of the city from the Fleißner family of manufacturers. The Stadt Sparkasse was housed there. The front door grille with the initials of Stadtsparkasse Münchberg (SSM) and the Sparkasse emblem, as well as the walled-in safe in the basement, testify to this use . Later were various municipal authorities in the building, such as city bauamt and combing housed, before a private use has been supplied for some time.
See also
literature
- Karl Dietel : Münchberg history of an official and industrial city . 1st edition. tape 1 . City of Münchberg, Münchberg 1963, p. 578 (with 20 plates).
- Markus Jennermann: Historic buildings in Münchberg . Ed .: MünchBürger eV 1st edition. S. 50 .
- Tilmann Breuer : District of Münchberg . In: Bavarian State Office for Monument Preservation (ed.): The art monuments of Bavaria . tape 13 . Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich 1961, p. 90 .
- Hans Mulzer: Between Waldstein and Döbraberg-Der Landkreis Münchberg - seen in church history . Münchberg District Education Office, Münchberg 1964.
- Hans Kaiser: The noblest urban food-to the history of the brewing industry in Münchberg . tape 11 : Contributions to Münchberg's city history. . Münchberg Urban History Working Group, Münchberg 2009, p. 88 .
- Gernot Dietel and Roland Fraas: Railway in Münchberg 1848–1998 . tape 1 : Contributions to Münchberg's city history. . Münchberg Urban History Working Group, Münchberg 1998, p. 232 .
- Martina Wurzbacher (today Michel): Münchberg city of the textile industry . tape 7 : Contributions to the history of the Münchberg city. . Münchberg Urban History Working Group, Münchberg 2002, p. 198 .
- Siegfried Geißler: Münchberg's Schools from the 16th Century to the Present . tape 8 : Contributions to Münchberg's city history. . Münchberg Urban History Working Group, Münchberg 2005, p. 192 .
- Uwe Meyer: Beer paradise in Upper Franconia . Self-published, Münchberg 2009, p. 10 .
- Karl Dietel: The historical development of the district of Münchberg . Between Waldstein and Döbraberg, band 4 . District School Office Münchberg, Münchberg 1967, p. 86 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Urban History Working Group: 700 Years of the Church in Münchberg (= contributions to Münchberg's urban history. Volume 10). P. 5.
- ↑ Hans Mulzer: The district of Münchberg - seen from a church history (= Between Waldstein and Döbraberg. Volume 6). P. 14.
- ^ Karl Dietel: Münchberg chronicle of an official and industrial town. P. 92.
- ^ Karl Dietel: Münchberg chronicle of an official and industrial town. P. 95.
- ^ A b c Tilmann Breuer: District of Münchberg (= Bavarian art monuments. Volume 13). P. 25.
- ^ A b Karl Dietel: Münchberg chronicle of an official and industrial city. P. 276.
- ↑ Hans Mulzer: The district of Münchberg - seen from a church history (= Between Waldstein and Döbraberg. Volume 6). Pp. 70-80.
- ↑ Helmuth Meißner: Protestant church building in Upper Franconia in the 19th century (= CHW monographs. Volume 2). S. Münchberg.
- ↑ a b Münch citizens eV: Historical buildings in Münchberg. P. 6.
- ↑ Urban History Working Group: 700 Years of the Church in Münchberg (= contributions to Münchberg's urban history. Volume 10). P. 26.
- ↑ Urban History Working Group: 700 Years of the Church in Münchberg (= contributions to Münchberg's urban history. Volume 10). P. 31.
- ↑ Münch citizens eV: Historical buildings in Münchberg. P. 7.
- ↑ a b Tilmann Breuer: Münchberg district (= Bavarian art monuments. Volume 13). P. 27.
- ↑ a b Münch citizens eV: Historical buildings in Münchberg. P. 9.
- ^ Tilmann Breuer: District of Münchberg (= Bavarian art monuments. Volume 13). Pp. 25-26.
- ↑ Hans Mulzer: The district of Münchberg-seen from church history (= Between Waldstein and Döbraberg. Volume 6). P. 64.
- ↑ a b MünchBürger e. V .: Historical buildings in Münchberg. P. 14.
- ↑ list collection Municipal Archives Münchberg: History of the Catholic community Münchberg.
- ↑ Münch citizens eV: Historical buildings in Münchberg. P. 12.
- ↑ Münch citizens eV: Historical buildings in Münchberg. P. 4.
- ^ Tilmann Breuer: District of Münchberg (= Bavarian art monuments. Volume 13). P. 28.
- ^ Karl Dietel: Münchberg chronicle of an official and industrial town. P. 300.
- ^ Tilmann Breuer: District of Münchberg (= Bavarian art monuments. Volume 13). P. 29.
- ↑ a b Münch citizens eV: Historical buildings in Münchberg. P. 40.
- ↑ Münch citizens eV: Historical buildings in Münchberg. P. 38
- ^ A b Karl Dietel: Münchberg chronicle of an official and industrial city. P. 236.
- ↑ Münch citizens eV: Historical buildings in Münchberg. P. 42
- ↑ Münch citizens eV: Historical buildings in Münchberg. P. 44
- ↑ a b Tilmann Breuer: Münchberg district (= Bavarian art monuments. Volume 13). P. 31
- ^ Karl Dietel: Poetry and truth about the house of seven brothers in Münchberg.
- ^ Karl Zapf: An attempt at a history of the city of Münchberg based on reliable printed and unprinted sources.
- ^ A b Karl Dietel: Münchberg chronicle of an official and industrial city. P. 397.
- ↑ a b Münch citizens eV: Historical buildings in Münchberg. P. 22
- ^ Gernot Dietel, Roland Fraas: Railway in Münchberg 1848–1998 (= contributions to Münchberg city history. Volume 1). P. 9
- ^ Gernot Dietel, Roland Fraas: Railway in Münchberg 1848–1998 (= contributions to Münchberg city history. Volume 1). P. 27
- ↑ a b c d Münch citizens eV: Historical buildings in Münchberg. P. 16
- ^ Gernot Dietel, Roland Fraas: Railway in Münchberg 1848–1998 (= contributions to Münchberg city history. Volume 1). Pp. 118-130
- ↑ a b Gernot Dietel, Roland Fraas: Railway in Münchberg 1848–1998 (= contributions to Münchberger Stadtgeschichte. Volume 1). Pp. 126-130
- ^ Gernot Dietel, Roland Fraas: Railway in Münchberg 1848–1998 (= contributions to Münchberg city history. Volume 1). P. 148
- ^ Gernot Dietel, Roland Fraas: Railway in Münchberg 1848–1998 (= contributions to Münchberg city history. Volume 1). P. 105
- ↑ a b Gernot Dietel, Roland Fraas: Railway in Münchberg 1848–1998 (= contributions to Münchberger Stadtgeschichte. Volume 1). P. 141.
- ↑ a b Gernot Dietel, Roland Fraas: Railway in Münchberg 1848–1998 (= contributions to the history of the city of Münchberg. Volume 1)
- ^ Yearbooks of the city of Münchberg 1836/37
- ↑ Hans Kaiser: The noblest urban food for the history of brewing in Münchberg (= contributions to the Münchberg city history. Volume 11). P. 73
- ^ Tilmann Breuer: District of Münchberg (= Bavarian art monuments. Volume 13). P. 32
- ^ Martina Michel: On the history of the Bayerischer Hof restaurant.
- ^ Münchberg City Archives: Description of the eagle in the rifle house in Münchberg.
- ^ Münchberg City Archives: List of the history of the shooting range.
- ↑ Stadtarchiv Münchberg (ed.): On the history of the monument on the Rohrbühl near Münchberg.
- ^ Gymnasium Münchberg (Ed.): The Rohrbühl project.
- ↑ Rohrbühlturm on the website MünchBürger eV
- ^ Siegfried Geißler: Münchberg's schools from the 16th century to today (= contributions to the history of the city of Münchberg. Volume 8). P. 10.
- ^ A b Siegfried Geißler: Münchberg's schools from the 16th century to the present day (= contributions to the history of the city of Münchberg. Volume 8). Pp. 16-28
- ↑ Münch citizens eV: Historical buildings in Münchberg. P. 20.
- ^ Siegfried Geißler: Münchbergs schools from the 16th century to today (= contributions to the Münchberg town history. Volume 8). Pp. 42-46.
- ↑ a b Münch citizens eV: Historical buildings in Münchberg. P. 48.
- ^ Martina Wurzbacher: Münchberg city of the textile industry (= contributions to Münchberg city history. Volume 7). P. 95 ff.
- ^ Martina Wurzbacher: Münchberg city of the textile industry (= contributions to Münchberg city history. Volume 7). Pp. 42-48.
- ↑ MünchBürger e. V .: Historical buildings in Münchberg. P. 34.
- ^ Karl Dietel: Münchberg history of an official and industrial city. P. 158.
- ^ Karl Dietel: Münchberg history of an official and industrial city. Pp. 60-67.
- ↑ Münch citizens eV: Historical buildings in Münchberg. P. 24
- ^ Tilmann Breuer: District of Münchberg (= Bavarian art monuments. Volume 13). P. 32
- ↑ Hans Kaiser: The noblest urban food-To the history of the Münchberger brewing. P. 67.
- ↑ Münch citizens eV: Historical buildings in Münchberg. P. 28.
- ↑ Münch citizens eV: Historical buildings in Münchberg. P. 32
- ↑ Münch citizens eV: Historical buildings in Münchberg. P. 46.
