Wunsiedler marble
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The Wunsiedler marble is a group of metamorphic carbonate stones , which were and are mainly extracted as natural stone at Wunsiedel in several quarries. This Upper Franconian calcite marble has found widespread use in its region and beyond, especially in Bavaria . He appears in a northern (around Wunsiedel) and a southern (around Marktredwitz and Arzberg ) band.
Deposit
The carbonate rock deposits of Wunsiedel mainly consist of calcium silicate rock and marble. It begins as the northernmost structural unit with a calcium silicate train in the west in the elevation between the Zinnbach and the Glasbach in the municipality of Tröstau , passes in a north-easterly direction north of Wunsiedel and ends southwest of the village of Schönlind . It is accompanied by some transverse fault zones. No stone was quarried there.
Parallel to this and about 1000 meters to the south, the narrow northern marble range extends as an elongated band. It begins under the village of Tröstau, continues under the southern settlement area of Wunsiedel to the district of Holenbrunn . There, a disturbance moves the marble deposit about 500 meters northwards and starts from Göpfersgrün in two trains to the northeast. Shortly before Thiersheim, the range of deposits narrows to a single strip that ends at the surface at Kothigenbibersbach .
The southern band is less pronounced, coming from Dechantsees it extends under Marktredwitz to Arzberg. There is predominantly gray fine-grain marble represented.
In general, these are unfolded marble layers from the Precambrian , which form part of the Arzberger series. These layers dip steeply and are interrupted by numerous faults .
There were mining sites in Tröstau, Wunsiedel, Holenbrunn, Sinatengrün , Stemmas , Thiersheim , near Hohenberg an der Eger and near Dechantsees and Neusorg.
Petrography
The Wunsiedler marble has a medium to coarse-grained crystalline structure. Its color is white to light gray, but it can also have yellow and bright orange, more rarely dark brown zones. Overall, it appears grainy, sometimes unevenly distributed in terms of color, and shows parallel gray stripes.
The main mass is a calcitic marble. Dolomite rock occurs secondarily in the outcrops of Sinatengrün and Göpfersgrün.
The yellow and brown tints result from small proportions of minerals in the limonite complex . Small amounts of hematite produce a strong orange tone. Muscovite and zircon are also used as accessory components . In the quarries of Sinatengrün as well as at Thiersheim and Hohenberg an der Eger, olivine , serpentine , chlorite , antigorite and forsterite are found as additional mineral components . There the marble turns into ophicalcite .
In the northern areas of the deposit, the crystals have an average size of 5 millimeters. Occasionally there are aggregates up to 2 cm. In the southern band, on the other hand, it is 0.2 millimeters. The calcite crystals occur idiomorphically to xenomorphically .
history
Due to the relative lack of calcium in the Upper Franconian landscapes, the marble deposits around Wunsiedel were known and in demand as a lime extraction site as early as the Middle Ages. Limestone quarries from the 14th century are known which, in addition to building lime, also supplied the building material for the city wall of Wunsiedel. Typical handicraft applications are keystones , memorial plaques, tombstones, epitaphs and votive tablets as well as other artistic works. It was used for these purposes especially from the 16th to the middle of the 18th century.
When a penitentiary was built in Bayreuth in 1724 , a factory for stone processing started work there with prisoners as cheap labor. In addition to other stones from the region, the Wunsiedler marble was processed on a large scale. This practice was not uncommon at the time; Lahn marbles were also worked under similar circumstances in the prison at Diez Castle .
In the 1890s, industrial lime processing developed very strongly in the region. Lime powder and chippings were produced for various purposes in other industries. The stonemasonry stepped back against these developments because the coarse crystalline varieties are not very suitable for artisanal and artistic processing. Only the small crystalline varieties with dolomite components allow good stone masonry.
Most recently, a light marble was only mined at Holenbrunn, which was used as stone and for horticultural purposes. The quarry has now been closed.
Applications
The stone was mainly referred to as Wunsiedler marble in the trade. Other trade names such as "Deutschweiß" and "Deutschgrün" only appeared subordinately in the 20th century.
The identification of objects made of white marble, for example in Munich cemeteries, is difficult because Laas marble and Sterzingen marble were also very often imported to Bavaria . Due to the near-surface weathering on unprotected objects, significant fine structures are sometimes not or only with great difficulty recognizable. This makes a distinction very difficult.
In modern times, the stone was in demand for solid components , monuments, wall and floor coverings, as well as for garden architecture and decorative grit .
Application examples
- Wunsiedel
- European monument 2004
- Memorial The birth of Wunsiedel in front of the Fichtelgebirgshalle
- Cemetery, grave slabs
- City hall, flooring
- Courtyard design of the elementary and secondary school (extension)
- Pavement in the courtyard of the Fichtelgebirgsmuseum
- Bust of Friedrich Müller in the stone processing school and in the courtyard of the Fichtelgebirgsmuseum
- Well mother earth
- Bad Alexandersbad
- Bust of Queen Luise and Margrave Alexander
- Fuchsmühl
- Pilgrimage church Mariahilf , flooring
- Hohenberg on the Eger
- Figure at the Carolinenbrunnen
- Weißenstadt
- Epitaphs on the outer facade of the Gottesackerkirche
literature
- F. Eder, U. Emmert, G. v. Horstig, G. Stettner: Geological overview map 1: 200,000, CC 6334 Bayreuth . Hanover (Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources) 1981
- Carl Gäbert, Alexander Steuer, Karl Weiss: The usable rock deposits in Germany . Berlin (Union Dt. Verlagsgesellschaft) 1915
- Dietmar Herrmann: From mining in the Fichtel Mountains (part 2) . Contributions to the history and regional studies of the Fichtelgebirge 12 (1990), Wunsiedel (Kohler bookstore) 1990
- Dietmar Herrmann: Unveiling of the bust of Friedrich Müller. In: Der Siebenstern 2010, p. 262
- Adolf Arndt, Ferdinand Henrich, Heinrich Laubmann et al .: The usable minerals, rocks and soils of Bavaria. I. Bd. Frankenwald, Fichtelgebirge and Bavarian Forest . Bayerisches Oberbergamt, Geological State Survey (Ed.), Munich (Oldenbourg and Piloty & Loehle) 1924
- Friedrich Müller : Bavaria's rich corner . Hof (Ackermann Verlag) 1990 ISBN 3-8112-0845-4
- Otto M. Reis: The rocks of the Munich buildings and monuments . Publications of the Society for Bavarian Regional Studies, eV Munich. Munich 1935
- Dietmar Herrmann: Wunsiedler marble in Unterwappenöst. In: Der Siebenstern 2011, p. 185
Web links
- Dietmar Herrmann: Wunsiedler marble . on www.bayern-fichtelgebirge.de (private website)
- LfU: Marble quarry Unterwappenöst (display board at the quarry). on www.lfu.bayern.de
Individual evidence
- ^ Friedrich Müller: Bavaria's rich corner . P. 32
- ↑ Eder, Emmert, Horstig, Stettner: Geol. Overview map 1: 200,000, CC 6334 Bayreuth
- ↑ William Dienemann, Otto Burre: The usable rocks Germany and their deposits with the exception of coal, ores and salts. II. Vol. Solid rocks. Stuttgart (Ferdinand Enke) 1929, p. 348
- ^ Friedrich Müller: Bavaria's rich corner . P. 35
- ↑ Wolf-Dieter Grimm: Pictorial Atlas of Important Monument Rocks of the Federal Republic of Germany, ed. from the Bavarian State Office for the Preservation of Monuments, Lipp-Verlag, Munich 1990, Gesteins Nr. 199 German Red Limestone
- ^ Friedrich Müller: Bavaria's rich corner . P. 39
- ↑ Dietmar Herrmann: European Monument 2004 . on www.bayern-fichtelgebirge.de
- ↑ The birth of Wunsiedel
- ↑ Website of the Fichtelgebirgsmuseum. at www.fichtelgebirgsmuseum.de
- ↑ Bust of Friedrich Müller
- ↑ Dietmar Herrmann, Erwin Hornauer: Well mother earth . on www.bayern-fichtelgebirge.de
- ↑ Queen Luise bust
- ↑ Margrave Alexander bust
- ↑ Mineral wells in the Fichtel Mountains / Northeast Bavaria