Sparnberg
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Sparnberg
City of Hirschberg
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| Height : | 437 m above sea level NN | |
| Area : | 3.33 km² | |
| Residents : | 160 (2005) | |
| Population density : | 48 inhabitants / km² | |
| Incorporation : | March 8, 1994 | |
| Postal code : | 07927 | |
| Area code : | 036644 | |
Location of Sparnberg in Thuringia |
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Sparnberg is a district of the city of Hirschberg (Saale) in Thuringia . It has an area of about 333 hectares and is 440 m above sea level. Sparnberg had around 160 inhabitants in 2005. The history of the place is shaped by the situation in the GDR on the former inner-German border with the Federal Republic .
Geography and geology
Sparnberg lies in the knee of the Saale directly to the right of the river. This knee is formed by a small ridge of the south-east Thuringian slate mountain range. The federal motorway 9 passes to the east and crosses the Saale valley and the river with the Saale bridge in the immediate vicinity. The corridor of the place is flanked to the west and north by forest on the hills. To the south is Rudolphstein, which can now be reached via a bridge . To the west are the Saaledorf Pottiga and to the north Göritz with Lehesten neighbors. The town of Hirschberg is to the east on the right of the federal motorway. The places are easy to reach in terms of traffic.
With line 721 of the KomBus transport company , Sparnberg has a connection to the core city of Hirschberg (Saale) and the city of Schleiz .
history
Origin (1202)
Sparnberg was first mentioned in a document in 1202. The von Sparnberg family came to the Fichtel Mountains from Haidstein near Cham as a retinue of the Diepolders . At first it was customary to name oneself after the place where one lived, later one stuck to a fixed name. During the settlement policy in what is now Upper Franconia and Thuringia, first those of Haidstein, in 1170 with the ghetto of Waldstein, those of Waldstein , that of Sparrenberg, and in 1223 that of Sparneck ( rafter hedge ). In the document of November 10, 1223, Rüdiger von Sparneck ( Rudegerus de Sparrenhecke ), his brother Arnold von Sparnberg and Rüdiger's sons appeared as witnesses at a court day in Eger .
The Sparnberg Festival
The Sparnberg Castle , or the old Sparnberg Fortress, of which only the remains of the wall have survived , probably belonged to the Limes Sorabicus . Charlemagne created this border zone between the Franconian Empire and the Sorbs to the east of it around the middle of the 9th century. At the end of the 9th century the Limes Sorabicus lost its importance again because the Franconian Empire had expanded further east. Another possibility of its origin can be traced back to a dispute between the Staufer Emperor Friedrich I Barbarossa and the Guelph Duke Heinrich the Lion around 1180. The castles of Sparnberg, Blankenberg and Hirschberg are said to have been built on imperial orders and to have served as a protective line for the imperial property east of it. With the first feudal power over the castles in the upper Saale, a Vogt von Weida is said to have been enfeoffed as the then court marshal of Emperor Friedrich I.
According to a more recent theory, the territory was originally an immediate imperial fiefdom in the possession of the Lords of Reitzenstein , who had the castle built in the 12th century and named themselves after their new settlement. Possibly the builders were also the lords of Waldstein, the lineage of the von Sparnberg family. Documentary evidence is missing for both theories. The creation of the Sparnberg Castle is still in the dark of history.
In 1302, the knight Ulrich Sack von Planschwitz , a relative of the Reitzenstein family, acquired Sparnberg Castle from Heinrich Vogt von Gera . Petzold Sack, Ulrich's son or younger brother, inherited the property of the entire Sparnberg estate in 1317. In a document dated April 13, 1327 issued in Prague, Petzold, who now calls himself Sack von Sparnberg , submits to the Bohemian King John of Luxembourg and Bohemia along with the Sparnberg Castle ( castrum Sparenbergk ), the population of Sparnberg ( Gens Sparenbergiorvm ) and both of them Villages Ullersreuth and Blintendorf ( dua villas Vlrichsreut & Plintendorff ). At the same time he took it back from the king as a fiefdom. This suggests that the property mentioned, including Sparnberg Castle, must originally have been an imperial direct fief, which would support the aforementioned theory. The Vogtland-Upper Franconian Sack family, from which the von Reitzenstein family emerged as a line named after their seat, are counted among the former imperial nobility and also held Epprechtstein Castle as an imperial fief.
The town
Sparnberg had city rights for several centuries. How and when Sparnberg came into their possession and later lost it is not documented (see list of former cities in Germany ). There is still an old seal with the inscription "Sigillum Sparnberg oppidi" (seal of the city of Sparnberg).
According to an old legend, the Sparnbergs are said to have fed the Bohemian King Wenzel II , who held the royal dignity from 1278 to 1305, on his escape before he rode on to Hirschberg and was hidden there. Out of gratitude, he gave both places city rights and the associated privileges in 1302. However, there is no documentary evidence of this tradition. In other sources, Sparnberg was raised to a market town by King Wenceslaus IV of Bohemia in 1379 .
On the other hand, in a list of Bohemian possessions from 1372, Sparnberg was first named as a town: "The castles and state Sparenberg, Karlswalde, Reitzenstein, Blankenberg, their team and affiliations". This points to the actual award of the first city rights by the Bohemian crown. Other opinions see the basis for the privileges of Sparnberg in Nuremberg city law, although no documentary evidence can be given for this either.
In a later complaint by the municipality of Sparnberg, the latter referred to the Elector of Saxony that “wol was pardoned with certain city privileges from ancient times”. A directory of the village inns in the Plauen district from 1609 spoke of "Sparnbergk, dießer Margk", as the Sparnbergers called their place a market town . In a dispute between the community and the local feudal rulers in 1659, it was expressly emphasized that they would not abandon their market and city privileges . The oldest known representation of Sparnberg from around 1720 still contains a city coat of arms.
In a book from 1844, Sparnberg is mentioned again as a market town in which 450 people lived in 60 houses. There was urban trade and some agriculture as well as various guilds. The main line of business was weaving. There was also a small brewery in which the residents with the right to brew brewed one after the other and then served them. The pastor von Berg held services once every Sunday and twice on all festivals. The school had two classes and an employed cantor. Since 1815 there have been four general and cattle markets every year. The local authority consisted of the mayor and several councilors. A poor fund was maintained for the poor.
In the period from 1815 to 1945 Sparnberg belonged as an exclave to the district of Ziegenrück in the province of Saxony and was therefore Prussian .
Sparnberg on the German-German border (1945–1989)
The period from 1945 to 1989 and thus the Cold War had a very strong impact on Sparnberg, because the place was located directly on the newly created zone border between the areas of power of the Americans on the Upper Franconian side and the Soviets on the Thuringian side.
In 1945 the Saale bridge was blown up and the border was drawn.
1989 was one of the most important years in recent Sparnberg history. Until the fall of the Wall , the place was surrounded by fences, walls and barbed wire. During this time, every act of the residents of Sparnberg was still being watched with suspicion by the SED functionaries. It is noteworthy that the protective strip in Sparnberg was only opened in December 1989. Until then it was possible to get to the Federal Republic of Germany, but not to Sparnberg from there.
In 1990 a temporary footbridge was built over the Saale. The construction work for a permanent bridge on the site of the former covered wooden bridge began in 1991. During this time, the first commercial enterprises developed in Sparnberg. The new bridge was officially opened on September 17, 1993. On this occasion, the Sparnbergers organized the first bridge festival together with the Rudolphsteiners. Since then it has been a symbol of the unity of Germany. At a historic May Festival on May 1, 1994, the residents remembered the GDR times when the obligatory May demonstrations in the village were filmed from the West German side.
In 1994 Sparnberg was incorporated into Hirschberg.
Population development
Development of the population:
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politics
The local mayor is Wolfgang Rauh.
Culture and sights
Benefiting from the central location (1 km to the A9 motorway ) and the quiet and scenic surroundings as well as the proximity to the Saale and Rudolphstein in Franconia, there are many opportunities for recreational activities.
Buildings
The Sparnberg wooden bridge was probably built in the 17th century. The slate roofing typical of the region was already recognizable in the first photos. The newly built bridge over the Saale was inaugurated in 1993.
The A 9 motorway bridge over the Saale from the 1930s is well worth seeing .
The church of St. Simon and Judas Thaddäus zu Sparnberg , built in 1437 and , in the Middle Ages, a branch of the original Berg parish , stands on the slope of a hill in the Saale valley, on which a castle once stood. The church has a rectangular floor plan with sloping eastern corners and a square west tower that merges into octagonal half-timbering on the upper floor. A newer extension is the manor estate on two floors north of the choir room . The narrow pointed arch windows are of Gothic origin.
The former Sparnberg castle probably belonged to the limes sorabicus , which Charlemagne built around 800 against the incursions of the Slavs . Remnants of the wall have been preserved from her.
Events
The bridge festival has been celebrated in Sparnberg every year since 1993. The association's activity is currently suspended. Thus the bridge festival does not take place either.
societies
- Bridge Association Sparnberg e. V.
- Freundeskreis Sparnberger Kirche e. V.
- Small animal breeders association Sparnberg
The goat as heraldic animal
The secret heraldic animal of the Sparnbergs is the goat . This joking allusion to the poverty of the people in earlier times was the material for various inventions of the Sparnbergers, such as the goat lotto for the bridge festival or the herbal liqueur Sparnberger Ziegenstriegler .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Peter Braun: The Lords of Sparneck. Family tree, distribution, brief inventory. In: Archive for the history of Upper Franconia . Vol. 82, 2002, pp. 71-106.
- ^ Alban von Dobenck : History of the extinct family of the von Sparneck. (Part 1). In: Archive for the history and antiquity of Upper Franconia . Vol. 22, No. 3, 1905, pp. 1-65, (reprint, edited and published by Peter Braun. Books on Demand, Norderstedt 2009, ISBN 978-3-8370-8717-8 ).
- ^ František Kubů: The Staufer ministry in the Egerland. A contribution to the settlement and administrative history (= Otnant society for history and culture in the Euregio Egrensis. Sources and discussions. 1). Bodner, Pressath 1995, ISBN 3-926817-28-3 (also: Prague, University, dissertation, 1978).
- ↑ Berthold Schmidt (Ed.): Document book of the governors of Weida, Gera and Plauen, as well as their house monasteries Mildenfurth, Cronschwitz, Weida and zh Kreuz bei Saalburg. Volume 1: 1122-1356 (= Thuringian historical sources . Vol. 5, (1) = NF 2, (1), ZDB -ID 548596-4 ). G. Fischer, Jena 1885, no.353 .
- ↑ Copy of the certificate in: Johann Peter von Ludewig : Reliqviae Manvscriptorvm Omnis Aevi Diplomatvm ac Monvmentorvm, Ineditorvm adhvc. Volume 6. sn, Frankfurt am Main et al. 1724, pp. 33-34 .
- ^ A b Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Ziegenrück district. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
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