Johann Peter von Ludewig

Johann Peter von Ludewig (original surname and birth name Ludwig ) (born August 5, 1668 in Honhardt Castle near Crailsheim , Baden-Württemberg ; † September 7, 1743 in Halle an der Saale ) was a German lawyer and historian .

Life

First years

Born as the son of the Swabian-Halle “Amtspflegers” (head of administration) in Honhardt Peter Ludwig (1628–1687) and his wife Elisabeth Rosina (1648–1729), the daughter of the Swabian-Halle councilor Johann Engelhardt (1609–1684) and his wife Marie Agnes Seifferheld, he grew up in a middle-class environment. His brother was Johann Friedrich Ludwig , the main architect of King John V of Portugal .

First a student at the Latin school in Crailsheim , Johann Peter Ludewig switched to the illustrious grammar school in Schwäbisch Hall in 1679 , which he attended until March 25, 1689. During this time he was from 1683 in the Kontubernium, a boarding school set up in the Haller Spital for 12 students of the grammar school. In the last two years of his school days, Johann Peter von Ludewig was inspector of the Kontubernium. On July 14, 1686, he enrolled as a primary student at the Haller Gymnasium at the University of Tübingen , where he never studied, however, as he returned to Hall immediately after enrollment. In December 1687, in a public school act, he gave the speech “Encomium Hallarum” (= praise of Hall), a Latin eulogy for the imperial city of Schwäbisch Hall. He had this speech printed in Hall in early 1688; it was his first publication (reprinted in his Opuscula Miscella, Halle an der Saale 1720). In 1689 Johann Peter von Ludewig received a council scholarship for university studies amounting to 92.50 guilders per year. This was extended for the years 1692 to 1694. He left Hall on April 13, 1689.

Studies and first activities

On April 30, 1689, he enrolled at the University of Wittenberg , where he received his master's degree in philosophy on April 28, 1690 and gave lectures. At the end of December 1692 he went to Halle an der Saale with his Wittenberg teacher Samuel Stryk . On January 5, 1693, he enrolled at the University of Halle , where he began as an adjunct and worked as a private lecturer in philosophy and history . In 1695 he received the professorship for theoretical philosophy at the Alma mater halensis . In 1697 he traveled to the Netherlands , where he did various services for the peace negotiations in Rijswijk and made the first major purchases for his library at book auctions. In 1701 he worked primarily on reports regarding the acceptance of the Prussian royal crown for Elector Friedrich III. of Brandenburg . A year later he published his first major, essentially historical work, the "Germania Princeps", the state manual for the German territories - due to legal concerns under the pseudonym Ludwig Peter Giovanni. This work went through three editions and earned him the greatest importance.

Professorship in Halle

In 1703 Johann Peter von Ludewig became professor of history at the University of Halle. From 1704 he was a court historiographer and archivist for the Duchy of Magdeburg on the royal Prussian council. On January 18, 1705 he received his doctorate in law from the University of Halle. He was also appointed Associate Professor of Law. In 1705 he became a full professor, full professor of the law faculty and archivist of the Magdeburg Archives. In 1709 he became the royal Prussian chief herald's councilor , and at the same time Magdeburg's government and consistorial councilor, as which he was entrusted with the examination and approval of coats of arms . From 1718 Johann Peter von Ludewig was also a royal Prussian privy councilor. In 1705, 1717, 1727, 1729 and in the winter semester of 1739 he was Vice Rector of the Halle Alma Mater .

Johann Peter von Ludewig became Chancellor of the University of Halle in 1722 and ord. Professor of Law, succeeding Christian Thomasius . In the same year he founded the "Wochenlichen Halleischen Advertisements", the first regular newspaper of the city of Halle, which he subsequently also edited. After he became Chancellor of the government of the Duchy of Magdeburg in 1741 , he acquired the noble estates of Bendorf, Pretz and Gatterstatt. He published various writings, some under the names JP Ludovici, Johann Peter von Hohenhard or Pharamundus Chlodoveus.

Nobility rise

Coat of arms of those von Ludewig in Tyroff's coat of arms (partly colored copper engraving )

On April 11, 1719 he was after a "supplication letter" (application) from November 1718 and a recommendation of King Friedrich Wilhelm of Prussia from January 1, 1719 by Emperor Charles VI. in Vienna in the erbmäßigen nobility of the kingdom and the hereditary lands raised . He was awarded the following coat of arms:

Shield divided lengthways, rear half divided transversely; front half: in blue gold fountain with gold ball on the water jet; back half above: in green 3 quills of swan quills, below: in red and gold triangle; open aristocratic tournament helmet, tempered blue, lined red with a hanging gem; Cover right: blue / silver, left: red / gold; Blue, red, gold convoluted helmet ball; Crest: white swan with crossed wings with a golden beak, holding a quill between two crossed well irons .

The baroque coat of arms is strongly symbolic, bubbling spirit (fountain) exact science (triangle) together result in its literary productivity (feathers), which also embodies the swan as the bird of the muse god Apollo and the fountain iron rods, which open a path for the water from the depths , imply. The colored coat of arms is contained in the letter of nobility preserved in the Austrian Administrative Archives, Vienna. It is also attested by the copperplate bookplate used by Ludewig, which he had pasted into his books, which occasionally still appear in second-hand bookshops, since 1719.

death

After his death on September 7, 1743 in Halle an der Saale, an auction catalog of his library in 4 volumes was published in 1745: "Catalogus praestantissimi thesauri librorum typis vulgatorum et manuscriptorum Joannis Petri de Ludewig ..." (= catalog of the most outstanding treasure of printed books and manuscripts of the JP v. Ludewig), edited by JD Michaelis, with a foreword by the philosopher Christian Wolf. The catalog includes 13,476 numbers for the pamphlets, some of which contain many titles, so that the size of his library can be estimated at around 10,000 books, as well as 902 numbers of manuscripts, with several items often listed under one number. The grave of Johann Peter von Ludewig is located on the historically significant Stadtgottesacker von Halle, a unique Renaissance cemetery complex . His tomb can be found there in the burial arch vaults under arch 77. Since Johann Peter von Ludewig died without leaving any surviving male descendants in the male line , the von Ludewig family died out with him.

Act

Ludewig was eager to spread new legal propositions, which he always passed off as "unrecognized truths". With his engaging style of writing and his unprecedented boldness, he might have done more harm than good to true journalism studies if his truth-loving and astute colleague Nikolaus Hieronymus Gundling had not constantly checked him. It is thanks to Gundling's sharp criticism that the teaching structure of German history and German constitutional law put together by Cocceji and Ludewig did not last. Ludewig and Gundling, however, contributed a lot to the reputation of the University of Halle. In the area of constitutional law, they worked more stimulating than positively beneficial. Neither of them has written a systematic work on constitutional law; they were both more witty, reasoning historians than truly legally trained constitutional law teachers. Above all, Ludewig will be remembered by posterity as a systematist in the historical sciences. Nevertheless, his statements on this should be handled with a certain degree of caution, as they are not tenable after the scientific hermeneutic research.

His theories on constitutional law were very controversial because of their glorification of territorial sovereignty . However, this resulted in the activity for the Prussian king , whose interests he represented in many pamphlets. L. achieved greatest fame through the establishment of the Germania princeps , a kind of state manual for the Holy Roman Empire , which he published under the pseudonym Ludovicus Petrus Giovanni from 1702. With his lectures and publications on numismatics , he became one of the pioneers in the field in the 18th century. For the publisher Johann Heinrich Zedler in 1731 he wrote the preface to his large, complete universal lexicon , in which, as a lawyer, he commented on the problem of reprints in particular .

Ludwigstrasse in Halle is named after Johann Peter von Ludewig.

family

In 1701 Ludewig married Anna Magaretha (* October 10, 1670 in Freiberg; † March 5, 1740 in Halle / Saale), the daughter of the doctor of medicine and city physician in Freiberg, Michael Kühne. From this marriage there were six children, a son and five daughters. We know of these:

Johann Peter († 1702)
Susanna Magaretha († 1704)
Anna Sophia (born August 11, 1705 in Halle; † 1745) married December 20, 1726 with the Royal Prussian Privy Judicial and Chamber Judge in Berlin and Herr auf Göritz and Duberau, Karl Gottlieb von Vorteiller (1700–1776).
Helena Christiane (born September 13, 1706 in Halle / Saale) married her first marriage on December 1, 1727 to the royal Prussian secret and Magdeburg war and domain council, also rector of the Wettin and Rothenburg mines, Philipp Friedrich Krug von Nidda († 1743). In her second marriage on March 21, 1748, she married the hereditary ruler of the Holy Roman Empire, Count von Waldburg , Royal Prussian Rittmeister under the Gens d 'Armes, Knight of the Order of St. John, Otto Ludewig († 1748)
Elenora Sophia (* 1708; † 1709)
Juliana Louise (born January 26, 1714 in Halle) married on August 14, 1742 with the royal Polish privy councilor and canon in Naumburg as well as Zeitz, Christoph von Taubenheim auf Bedra, etc., son of Johann Adolph von Taubenheim

Fonts

Complete explanation of the Golden Bull Tomi II, in which many things from d. old German state discovered .... 2 vols., Frankfurt and Leipzig 1716, 1719
Lessons from the weekly advertisements, in which the Prussian imperial provinces and countries are arranged by the so-called intelligence notes. Hall 1729
Introduction to German coinage in the middle ages. Hall 1709
Prussian Neuburg and its justice, under the framework of Peter von Hohenhardt, Teuschenthal . (Hall) 1708
The profession in economic policey and cammer matters, newly established in Halle 1727. Hall 1727, 1753
Consilia Hallensium Jureconsultorum d. Both deceased, S. Stryken, C. Thomasii and dv L., of which d. the latter over. d. Helped d. Make up Wercks. Hall 1733 2 vols
Tuition from the Praebenda Scholastica in Roman Catholics as well as Evangelical donors. Hall 1705
Papal nonsense again the Cron Prussians, and in general to become king. Hall 1701
Defended Prussia again the claim of the expensive knight order. Mergentheim 1703
Explanation of S. Puffendorff's introduction to the history of the old empires of Spain, Portugall and Engelland. Hall 1695, 1700
Draft of the imperial history. 1706, 1710
Legal explanation of the imperial history from the first origin to 1734. 1735;
Historian from the Diocese of Würzburg. Frankfurt 1713
On the virtues and antiquity of the Kolbian Wartemberg house. Cologne 1704
Germania Princeps. Under the name of Ludwig Peter Giovanni. Hall 1702, 1711
Opuscula Oratoria. Hall
Reliquiae manuscriptorum omnis aevi diplomatum ac monumentorum ineditorum adhuc , 12 volumes. Frankfurt and Leipzig 1720–1741
De jure clientelari Germanorum in Feudis & Colonis SR 1. in specie the leasehold, Lassgütern, Churmenden, Lansideleihe, Meyergütern, Schillingshauer law. Frankfurt and Leipzig 1717
Scriptores rerum Germanicarum, praecipue Bambergensium. Vol.II. Frankfurt and Leipzig 1718
Novum Volume Scriptorum Rerum Germanicarum. Plurimam Partem Nunc Primum Editorum Ex Cod. Msct. Tomus I. & II. E Museo Ludewwigiano. Frankfurt / Leipzig 1718. Digitized edition of the University and State Library Düsseldorf , Volumes 1 and 2
Vita Justiani M. atque Theodorae, nee non Triboniani. Hall 1730
H. Langueti epistolae secretae, cum Praefatione. Hall 1698
Vita H. Langueti. Hall 1699
Singularia Juris publici Germ. Imp. Hall 1730
E. pufendorfii opuscula. Hall 1700
Legally established property of the Royal Churhaus Prussia and Brandenburg on the Hertzog and principalities Jägerdorff, Liegnitz ', Brieg, Wohlau and associated lordships in Silesia. 1741
Catholica religio in tuto, vicinia in tuto regni Poloniae vindicatis Silesiae ducatibus adversus Austriacam vim. 1741 digitized
Diss. De jure reges adpellandi. 1701
Diss. De auspicio regum. 1701
Neniae pontificis de jure reges adpellandi. 1701
Formula Brandenburgici ducatus. 1705
Aurasio supremo imperio vindicata contra Cassanum & Puteanum, adsertores gallos. 1702
Inauguralis Autoris, de jure adlegandi ordinum SRI of imperial embassies. 1703
De civitatum dispari nexu cum SRI of imperial and free imperial cities. 1710
De obligatione successoris in principatus & clientelas SRI ex facto decessoris. 1714
De primo foro subseudorum imperialium, parium curiae in Hassiae comitatu Ritbergensi. 1715
Differentiae juris feudalis communis atque Poruslici. 1716
Differentiae juris feudalis communis atque Lusatici. 1714
Differentiae juris feudalis communis atque Lusatici in legitima & dote. 1716
De jure postarum clientelare. 1704
Paradoxon pro jure retractandi transactionem novis instrumentis repertis ad I. 35 ff. De re judic & I. 19 & 29. C. De transact. 1704
De pseudo tutore & curatore notarii. 1712
Trebellianica & legitima exules in fideicommissis tructuariis. 1712
Differentiae juris romani & germanici, In mutuo. 1715
Differentiae juris romani & germanici, In dignitate uxoris. 1718
De Noriberga insignium imperialum tutelari.
Germania princeps post carolingica sub Conrado I. orientalum Francorum rege. 1710
Historia Juris valentudinarii militum emeritorum. 1706
Lotharinga vindicata adversus Regem Galliae detinentem inique Ducatum ad annum usque 1697 pacemque Rysvicensem. 1697
Accademia villa Platonis cum nova Hallensium collata. 1693
Vita aeterna ex ratione gentiumque consensu demonstrata partes II. 1695
Historia principatus Aurasionensis & fata ejus novissima sub Guilielmo III.M. Britaniarum active. 1694
De jure Anglorum in Galliam. 1693
Historia fine parente, de causis fabularum circa gentium origines. 1691
Vita Aurelii Prudentii Clementis VC 1692
De Indolis Slavorum. 1691
Halarum nobilis ae liberae SRI civitatis encomium, in Gymnasio parentio scriptum & punlice in doctorum panegyri recitatum. 1688
Commentaria politica rerum Halensium SRI liberae civitatis. 1699
De jure Suffragali Regni Bohemiae novissime instaurati in Comitiis SRI 1709
De Philosophis caute legendis. 1698
Historia quadripartitae erudionis in epitome exhabita. 1711
An praescientia Dei rebus advert necessitatem. 1695
De rationali philosophia apud Arabas & Turcas. 1699
De diversitate metaphysicorum. 1693
De definitione ac divisione metaphysices. 1695
De duck. 1695
Theses quaedam ex universa philosophia selectae. 1700
Theses miscellae. 1699
Paradox, paucis philosophandum. Progr. 1695
De primatu Germaniae Magdeburgici Archiepiscopatus. 1700
De nominatore haeretico ad parochiam. 1716
De sorte suffragatoria ecclesiae. 1714
De jure annatarum praesertim principis evangelici. 1707
Dica jubilaeorum, quam bonis mentibus, civibus praesertim Fridericianae, ad cavendas in secondo jubilaeo evangelico die 31 M. Octobris 1717 ceremonias & ritus suo istituto & calamo commendavit auctor. 1717
Differentiae juris romani & germanici, in titulo imperiali. 1712
In verbo Majestatis & contenzione armorum & literarum. 1712
In tutelis testamentaria & legittima. 1712
De tutelia maternis. 1712
In tutela Attiliana. 1713
In fructuum attributione tutelae usufructuariae. 1712
In successione conjugum & diffortium liberorum. 1714
De prorogatione investiturae. 1718
De Precipuo principis evangelici. 1719
De praerogativis Würtembergici Ducatus, praesertim adversus appellationes evocationes auftregas. 1719
Differentiae juris romani & germanici, in SCto Vellejano atque mulierum obligationibus aliis, occ. Reip. Francofurt Statutorum, Pates II. 1720
In SCto Vellejano exule. 1720
In fideiussione uxoris. 1720
De sociis stipüendiariis hosti in causa Reipublicae Memmingensis. 1720
Differentiae juris romani & germanici, in re militari praesertim captivorum. 1721
De senatoribus & consulibus. 1721
De clerico exule succeffionis in feuda & principatus SRImperii. 1721
Differentiae juris romani & germanici, in donationibus & barbari adnexus acceptatione. 1721
In re militari. 1721
In dote & donatione propter nupatis. 1721
In dote mariti Morgengaba, dotalio, vidualitio & melioratione. 1721
In connubiali imperioconsensuque parentum. 1721
In consensu connubiali extra patrem, ma tris tutorum, consanguincorum, sacri antistitis, principis seu imperatoris, domini feudi, ordinum provinciae, propaterum, der Gevattern, magistratus militaris, villaris dynastae. 1722
In simultanea investitura. 1722
Henricus auceps, istoria anceps. 1723
De nexu scriptuare & subscriptions. 1723
Differentiae juris romani & germanici, in opifici exule in pagis. 1724
De matrimoniis principum per procuratores. 1724
Differentiae jurium in aetate puberum & majorum, regum, principum, clientum & subditorum. 1725
In re bafiaria tinctorum. 1725
De sueviae tribunali SRJ Austriaco. 1725
Differentiae juris romani & germanici, in Hagenstolziatu exule in Germania, Latii partu L. juliae & papaie poppeae. 1727
De principum SRJ Potestate in sacris ante paces religionis. 1729
Differentiae juris romani & germanici, in venatione ejusque regali. 1730
In ferarum furto. 1730
In stupro sub matrimonii Spe. 1730
De processu per mandatum in Lusatia superiori. 1731
De lege caducaria, seu jure desherentiae, justo remotioribus agnatis. 1733
De purgatione contumaciae in processu, precipue electorali Saxonico odierno. 1733
Differentiae juris romani & germanici, in peregrinitate, albinagio atque Wildfangiatu. 1735
In usuris. 1740
In pactis de superstitis heredio. 1741
De juris gentium lesione. 1741
In praediatoria jurisdictione nobilium. 1742
De formula ducatus Thuringici. 1743
Scholarly advertisements in all sciences, perhaps more spiritual than secular, old and new things, which were previously incorporated into the weekly Halle advertisements. Hall 1743.
Opuscula Miscella. 1720
Econom. Notes on Seckendorf's Prince State ... Ed. CE Klotz, 1766.

literature

Ludewig, Joh. Peter von. In: Johann Heinrich Zedler : Large complete universal lexicon of all sciences and arts . Volume 18, Leipzig 1738, columns 954-959.
Johann Christoph von Dreyhaupt : Pagus Neletizi et Nudzici, or detailed diplomatic-historical description of the former primacy and Ertz-Stifft, but now secularized by the Duchy of Magdeburg, which belongs to the Duchy of Magdeburg, and of all the cities, palaces, offices, Manors, aristocratic families, churches, monasteries, parishes and villages, especially the cities of Halle, Neumarckt, Glaucha, Wettin, Löbegün, Cönnern and Alsleben; From Actis publicis and credible ... news, collected diligently, reinforced with many unprinted documents, adorned with copperplate engravings and abstracts, and provided with the necessary registers. Emanuel Schneider, Hall 1749/50. Vol. 2, p. 660, item 323.
Friedrich Wiedeburg : De Vita et Scriptis Iohannis Petri de Ludewig, IC. Nobilis SRI Cancellarii Ducatus Magdeburgici et Academiae Hallensis, Potentissimi Porussorum Regis Consiliarii Intimi Iurisconsultorum Ordinis Praesidis, Dynastae Bendorfii, Prezii, Gatterstadii Reliqua, Commentarius. Halle 1757, [4] p., 232 p., [7] p. (Catalogus scriptorum omnium).
Reinhold Koser : Ludewig, Johann Peter von . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 19, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1884, pp. 379-381.
Robert Skalnik: The publicist and journalist Johann Peter v. Ludewig and his scholars advertisements: A contribution to the history of the German press. University dissertation, Munich 1956.
Bernhard Kossmann: German universal encyclopedias of the 18th century: their nature and their informational value, illustrated using the example of Jablonski and Zedler . In: Börsenblatt for the German book trade. Edition Frankfurt, year 1968, column 2955.
Notker Hammerstein : Law and History. A contribution to the history of historical thought at German universities in the late 17th and 18th centuries . 1972, p. 169 ff. (On Ludewig's significance in the history of science)
Bernd Roeck : Ludewig, Johann Peter von. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 15, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1987, ISBN 3-428-00196-6 , pp. 293-295 ( digitized version ).
Walther Ludwig : JP Ludwig's eulogy of the imperial city Schwäbisch Hall and the school rhetoric of the seventeenth century , in: Yearbook Württ. Franken, Vol. 74 (1990), pp. 247-294. (for Ludewig's high school and university years)
Walther Ludwig: The second Halle University Chancellor Johann Peter von Ludewig: an example of social mobility in the eighteenth century. Hallesche custody lectures 3. Ralf-Torsten Speler (Ed.). Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 1995.
Walther Ludwig: Johann Peter von Ludewig. 1. Ludewig, 'Ludwig', Johann Peter (von). In: Walther Ludwig: Opuscula historico-philologica. Selected essays 2008-2013. Edenda curavit Astrid Steiner-Weber. Noctes Neolatinae. Neo-Latin Texts and Studies 19. Marc Laureys, Karl August Neuhausen (Eds.). Georg Olms Verlag, Hildesheim-Zurich-New York 2014, ISBN 978-3-487-15095-6 , pp. 429-430. (Revised and expanded version by: Ludewig, 'Ludwig', Johann Peter (von). In: Wilhelm Kühlmann (Hrsg.): Killy Literaturlexikon. Authors and works from the German-speaking cultural area. 2nd completely revised edition, Vol. 7. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin-New York 2010, p. 536)
Walther Ludwig: Johann Peter von Ludewig. 2. A reading fruit for Latin use around 1700. In: Walther Ludwig: Opuscula historico-philologica. Selected essays 2008-2013. Edenda curavit Astrid Steiner-Weber. Noctes Neolatinae. Neo-Latin Texts and Studies 19. Marc Laureys, Karl August Neuhausen (Eds.). Georg Olms Verlag, Hildesheim-Zurich-New York 2014, ISBN 978-3-487-15095-6 , pp. 431-435. (Revised version of: Eine Lesefrucht zum Lateingebrauch around 1700. In: Neulateinisches Jahrbuch. Journal of Neo-Latin Language and Literature. Vol. 11 (2009), pp. 95-98)

Web links

Commons : Johann Peter von Ludewig - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Johann Peter von Ludewig: Preface about the Universal Lexicon. In: Johann Heinrich Zedler : Large complete universal lexicon of all sciences and arts . Volume 1, Leipzig 1732.
Literature by and about Johann Peter von Ludewig in the catalog of the German National Library
Works by and about Johann Peter von Ludewig in the German Digital Library
Literature by and about Johann Peter von Ludewig in the catalog of the University and State Library of Saxony-Anhalt
Entry on Johann Peter von Ludewig in the Catalogus Professorum Halensis

Individual evidence

↑ Ernst Heinrich Kneschke : (Ed.): New general German Adels Lexicon . Volume 6, Friedrich Voigt, Leipzig 1865, p. 30.
^ ^A ^b Christian Friedrich August von Meding : Messages from noble Wapen , Volume 2, Friedrich Severin , Weißenfels and Leipzig 1788, p. 356.
^ Johann Christoph von Dreyhaupt : Pagus nelecti , Volume 2, Halle 1755, p. 661 .

personal data
SURNAME	Ludewig, Johann Peter von
ALTERNATIVE NAMES	Ludwig
BRIEF DESCRIPTION	historian
DATE OF BIRTH	August 5, 1668
PLACE OF BIRTH	Honhardt near Schwäbisch Hall
DATE OF DEATH	September 7, 1743
Place of death	Halle on the Saale

[1] Ernst Heinrich Kneschke : (Ed.): New general German Adels Lexicon . Volume 6, Friedrich Voigt, Leipzig 1865, p. 30.

[:1-2] A ^b Christian Friedrich August von Meding : Messages from noble Wapen , Volume 2, Friedrich Severin , Weißenfels and Leipzig 1788, p. 356.

[3] Johann Christoph von Dreyhaupt : Pagus nelecti , Volume 2, Halle 1755, p. 661 .