State calendar

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A state calendar , state manual or state address book is an official address book that reproduces the hierarchical structure of the state authorities and provides information about the names and functions of the higher authority members , civil servants and other state employees.

Name and content

The state handbooks contain a list of the names of the civil servants in particular the official representation of the court and political system of a state with the listing of all higher state and court officials and genealogical and statistical notes. In addition, they contain the names of the living family members of the ruling house of a state and other statistical notes on the country, people and administration.

If such a publication is called “ Calendar ”, this indicates that it is published annually.

In the German-speaking area, court calendars and state calendars used to be widely published. Theodor Storm's poems "Vom Staatskalender" (1856) show their social significance in the authoritarian state : And it still doesn't feel like / That you go with everyone / Since Dad is in the state calendar / In third grade .

Individual state calendar

The French "Almanach royal" (founded in 1679 by the bookseller Laurent Houry in Paris, since 1853 "Almanach Impérial" ) is considered the forerunner of the state handbooks . In the 18th century, similar almanacs gradually appeared in all European states and in the various areas of the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation .

The first state handbooks in the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation were: the "Name Register for the United Netherlands" (1700), the "Prussian-Brandenburg State Calendar" (since 1704), the "Regensburg Comitial Calendar" (since 1720), the "Electoral Saxony State Calendar" (since 1728), the " Mecklenburg-Schwerin State Calendar " (since 1776). Further examples are the Hochfürstlich-Hessen-Darmstadt state and address calendar and the Hochfürstlich-Hessen-Casselischer state and address calendar .

In England the "Royal Calendar" appeared from 1730 . The »Gothaische Genealogische Hofkalender and diplomatic-statistical yearbook« should also be mentioned here. Since 1885 the "State, Court and Municipal Handbook of the Reich and the individual states" has been published by Kürschner.

Official state handbooks were later published for most European countries, e.g. For example, for Prussia the "Handbook on the Royal Prussian Court and State" ; a "manual for the German Reich" was the Ministry of the Interior since 1876 out. Since 1864, The Statesman's Year-book (edited by JS Keltie) has been published in England .

At the present time, the term “state calendar” for directories of this type is only used in the Principality of Liechtenstein and Switzerland , where both the state or federal government and the cantons publish a state calendar every year.

In Austria, this function is fulfilled by the annual Austrian official calendar , which includes the federal government, states, municipalities and numerous other public bodies.

A work corresponding to the state calendar is the Annuario Pontificio des Vatican, a directory of the authorities of the Vatican, but also of all dignitaries and congregations of the universal Church.

State calendar system

A “state calendar” is sometimes also used to describe a calendar system that is prescribed by the state or used by the authorities .

literature

  • Federal state calendar . Review of: Informationsmittel für Libraries (IFB) 3 (1995) 4.
  • Theodor Storm's poems from the state calendar: 1 , 2

Web links

State calendar on the Internet:

  • current:
  • Austria:
  • Switzerland:
  • historical:
  • General overview :
  • Germany:
  • Austria:
  • Switzerland:

See also

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Volker Klimpel : Three centuries of Saxon medicine in the mirror of the court calendar and state manual (1728-1934). In: Würzburger medical history reports 11, 1993, pp. 273–288.
  2. ↑ Royal Polish and Electoral Saxon Court and State Calendar for the year 1728, in which the Royal and Printzliche Hoff State, Collegia and military beings are described with the greatest possible accuracy [...]. Leipzig 1728.
  3. ↑ Issues 1774 on Google Books