DR series 86
| DR series 86 | |
|---|---|
 86 001 in Chemnitz-Hilbersdorf
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| Numbering: | 86 001–86 591 86 606–86 627 86 698–86 816 86 835–86 875 86 966 Bentheimer Eisenbahn 41 (planned as 86 817) Eutin-Lübecker Eisenbahn 15 III (1942 to DR 86 1000) |
| Number: | 776 |
| Manufacturer: |
MBG Karlsruhe Linke-Hofmann-Werke F. Schichau Friedr. Krupp AG Maschinenfabrik Esslingen Aug. Borsig Henschel & Sohn Berliner Maschinenbau Orenstein & Koppel Wiener Lokomotivfabrik Floridsdorf (WLF / LOFAG) DWM Posen WSABP Warsaw |
| Year of construction (s): | 1928-1943 |
| Retirement: | 1972 (ÖBB) 1974 (DB) 1976/1989 (DR) |
| Axis formula : | 1'D1 ' |
| Type : | 1'D1 'h2t |
| Genre : | Gt 46.15 |
| Gauge : | 1435 mm ( standard gauge ) |
| Length over buffers: | 13,820 mm |
| Height: | 4,165 mm |
| Width: | 3,050 mm |
| Fixed wheelbase: | 5,100 mm |
| Total wheelbase: | 10,300 mm |
| Smallest bef. Radius: | 140 m |
| Empty mass: | 70.0 t |
| Service mass: | 88.5 t |
| Friction mass: | 60.6 t |
| Wheel set mass : | 15.2 t |
| Top speed: | 70-80 km / h |
| Indexed performance : | 758 kWi / 1030 PSi |
| Starting tractive effort: | 169 kN |
| Coupling wheel diameter: | 1,400 mm |
| Impeller diameter front: | 850 mm |
| Rear wheel diameter: | 850 mm |
| Control type : | external Heusinger control |
| Number of cylinders: | 2 |
| Cylinder diameter: | 570 mm |
| Piston stroke: | 660 mm |
| Boiler overpressure: | 14 bar |
| Number of heating pipes: | 110 |
| Number of smoke tubes: | 26th |
| Heating pipe length: | 4,500 mm |
| Grate area: | 2.39 m² |
| Radiant heating surface: | 10 m² |
| Tubular heating surface: | 107.37 m² |
| Superheater area : | 47.00 m² |
| Evaporation heating surface: | 117.37 m² |
| Water supply: | 9.0 m³ |
| Fuel supply: | 4.0 t |
| Brake: | Single-chamber compressed air brake type Knorr with additional brake |
The class 86 was a unit freight train tender locomotive of the Deutsche Reichsbahn . It was intended for use on the branch lines and was supplied by many companies working for the Reichsbahn. In the period from 1928 to 1943, 776 units were built, initially the series was also used in the lowlands, after the Second World War it was mainly used on the low mountain range.
history
Development and construction
After the establishment of the Deutsche Reichsbahn in 1920, both the vehicle fleet and the route conditions of the branch lines were completely different. Even without splinter types, over 50 different series were used on the branch lines. In addition, locomotives that were no longer sufficient for the main lines were used. Even the maximum permissible axle loads were anything but uniform, from less than 10 tons to 15 tons. For the time being, there was no thought of standardizing the vehicle fleet; for the first time in 1925, new series for branch lines were seriously discussed. After numerous drafts, an agreement was reached on a 1'D1 'tank locomotive with an axle load of 15 tons, which should also be suitable for lighter trains on the main lines. At the same time as the series 86, the branch line locomotives of the series 24 and 64 were developed.
The construction contract for the first pre-series locomotives was awarded in 1926 to the Maschinenbau-Gesellschaft Karlsruhe , which delivered the first locomotives in 1928, and the Linke-Hofmann-Werke . The last two of the 16 pre-series machines were put into service until 1929. The biggest change to the later series machines was the abandonment of the Riggenbach counter-pressure brake .
During the construction period there were further changes. After the locomotives 86 293 to 296 had been equipped with Krauss-Helmholtz steering racks instead of the Bissel racks , all locomotives from 86 336 onwards received these running racks. This structural improvement made it possible to increase the speed of the locomotives from 70 to 80 km / h.
Numerous German locomotive factories produced the series, but Krauss-Maffei was the only major supplier that was missing . The following manufacturers were involved in the construction of the series machines:
The respective factories received larger series orders that were delivered from 1931 to 1938. After the annexation of Austria, the Wiener Lokfabrik Floridsdorf received a major order for 77 machines for the general promotion of the Austrian economy, a total of 191 locomotives were built there. After the start of the war, orders were placed again, and now the German arms and ammunition factories in Poznan and the Warsaw locomotive factory also supplied numerous locomotives. In contrast to other orders for standard locomotives, which were later withdrawn, the class 86 was continued to be built. From 1942 it was gradually built in a simplified form as a transitional war locomotive (ÜK). Most noticeable were the omission of the second driver's cab side window, the smoke chamber central lock and the disc wheels. Non-ferrous metals were replaced and the locomotive number was only painted on. The last vehicle was delivered in May 1943, as production was finally stopped in favor of the 1'E tender locomotives ( series 42 and 52 ). Orders were revoked, so that there were larger gaps in the series of numbers. A total of 744 vehicles were built for the Deutsche Reichsbahn, and the Bentheimer Eisenbahn and the Eutin-Lübeck Railway each received a further identical locomotive .
After the Second World War
In contrast to many other series, the 86 series was not used in the war, so the locomotive fleet was not dispersed after the end of the war. With the exception of individual items, most of the locomotives remained in the four occupation zones, Czechoslovakia, Austria and Poland. The Soviet Union also confiscated many class 86 locomotives after the end of the war.Only the 86 009 and 86 016 were lost during the war.
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Use at the DB
After the end of the war, 365 machines remained on the Deutsche Bundesbahn network , eight of which were retired due to war damage by 1952. The 86 520 found at the Dutch State Railways was handed over to the DB. In 1957 another 14 locomotives from Saarland were added. The Deutsche Bundesbahn stationed most of the 86 in Nuremberg for the Franconian branch lines and the local marshalling yard. The Hof Bahnbetriebswerk was also a well-known '86 territory. Short express trains were also regularly operated with the 86 series. From 1965 the locomotives were parked on a large scale. The last DB locomotive was retired in 1974.
Use at the DR
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The German Reichsbahn was able to delivery of 71 locomotives to the SZD record 173 copies in its inventory. At first most of them were inoperable. At the beginning of 1947, only 65 locomotives were in use, even though the Deutsche Reichsbahn urgently needed operational locomotives. After deleting all the files in the files and decommissioning machines that could not be reconditioned, 164 locomotives were left in the end. In the DR, the 86s were mainly stationed in the Aue depot (with around 50 machines) for the surrounding Ore Mountains routes. Some of the DR units stationed in the Heringsdorf depot on the island of Usedom received smoke deflectors because of the almost constantly blowing crosswinds . The locomotives were also used in the low mountain range to transport express and express trains; for example as a train locomotive in front of the D 764, which was transported between Zwickau and Schwarzenberg. The 86 series was withdrawn in large numbers from 1973 after 162 had received a new EDP-compatible number in 1970. Numerous locomotives were still used as steam dispensers after they were retired. The last train service of an 86er was the P 16650 on the branch line Schlettau-Crottendorf on September 25, 1976; six years later, 86 001, 86 056 and 86 501 alternately took over train service on this route again until May 1988. Since its commissioning in 1928, 86 001/86 1001-6 has been under steam almost every day, but in its final years of operation was often only used as a heating locomotive. Together with 86 501, the locomotive was used in scheduled service for another week for the 100th anniversary of the Schlettau-Crottendorf line in 1989. With a seniority of 60 years, 86 001 achieved the longest service life of all standard tender locomotives used in scheduled service. 86 001 has been parked cold since 1999.
Used by other railway administrations
The ÖBB found 27 machines, two of which they retired due to severe damage and had to hand over the 86 477 to the SŽD . In 1950 they received three machines from the MÁV from Hungary from the ČSD . Of all the class 86 locomotives, the Austrian machines performed the most spectacular missions, including heavy empty ore trains as a leader for class 52 locomotives . All ÖBB locomotives also received a suction air brake, as this was still common in the rolling stock. The machines were mainly stationed at the heating houses in Hieflau, Selzthal, Linz, Bischofshofen and St. Veit an der Glan. From 1966 to 1972 all machines were decommissioned, the 86,476 bought by the Austrian Society for Railway History escaped scrapping. The locomotive has not yet been exhibited.
The ČSD found a total of 69 locomotives, seven of which were considered Soviet booty because they were based in Saxony and were given to the SŽD. The ČSD exchanged further locomotives with the DR and DB. In the end, they put 26 locomotives back into service, which were re-designated as class 455.2.
The most important application area of the 455.2 at the ČSD was the industrial railway of the Ostrava ironworks, on which up to eleven machines were used simultaneously. These locomotives had a second jet pump instead of the preheater. At the end of the 1950s they were replaced by the 555.0 and 555.1 series . As early as 1963, all of the 455.2 had left the company.
At the PKP , 45 of the 46 locomotives found were put back into operation as TKt3-1 to TKt3-45. Like the ČSD machines, the Polish TKt3 had a second jet pump instead of the surface preheater. The locomotives were used almost exclusively on branch lines and later on marshalling yards. In 1964 the PKP sold four locomotives to the mining industry. Then the decommissioning began, in 1973 only two locomotives were still in active stock. On January 2, 1975, the TKt3-15, the last locomotive of this series, was removed from the PKP's inventory. With the TKt3-16 (formerly 86 240), one of the four copies sold, a machine of this type has been preserved in Poland.
Two machines went directly to the SŽD, including all confiscated locomotives, they received 84 machines. At least 59 were re-gauged and used as the TF series. However, they later came to various industrial railways and were in use until the 1960s. A service as a work locomotive near Yekaterinburg is occupied for 86 798 .
Bentheim Railway BE 41
A locomotive was used on the Bentheimer Eisenbahn , which from 1942 onwards moved heavy freight trains loaded with oil and was designated BE 41 . It was originally intended for the Prignitz Railway, which was nationalized for military reasons in 1941 . The locomotive had war-related simplifications and consisted only of local materials, so the axle and rod bearings were made as thin cast bearings from 1.5 mm thick white metal cast. The locomotive was considered to be in need of repair. The locomotive was in use until 1961 when it was replaced by diesel locomotives. In the same year it was retired.
Connecting railway “August Bebel”, Zwickau
In the 1980s, 2 machines were used on the connecting line of the August Bebel plant in Zwickau . These were the 86 607 (as locomotive 25) and 86 744 (as locomotive 26).
Preserved locomotives
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- 86 001 ( SEM Chemnitz ) - the oldest machine in this series
- 86 049 ( VSE Schwarzenberg )
- 86 056 ( ÖGEG , Ampflwang)
- 86 240 as TKt3-16 in the Museum of Vehicles and Railway Technology in Chabówka , Poland
- 86 283 ( DDM Neuenmarkt-Wirsberg )
- 86 333 ( Railway construction and operating company Pressnitztalbahn , Espenhain) - operational
- 86 346 ( UEF Ettlingen ) - HU
- 86 348 ( BEM )
- 86 457 ( DB Museum , loan from Heilbronn)
- 86 476 (ÖGEG, Ampflwang) - ex ÖBB
- 86 501 (ÖGEG, Ampflwang)
- 86 607 (ÜK, VMD loan to Adorf)
- 86 744 (ÜK, owner of the railway construction and operating company Pressnitztalbahn , Espenhain) - operational (repair / HU completed in September 2019 / DLW Meiningen)
A total of 13 locomotives of this series have been preserved, nine of which are in Germany.
literature
- Andreas Knipping: The 86 series. The workhorse for secondary lines . EK-Verlag, Freiburg 1987 (new edition 2008), ISBN 3-88255-186-0
- Horst J. Obermayer, Manfred Weisbrod: The class 86. Eisenbahn-Journal special edition II / 94 . Hermann Merker Verlag, Fürstenfeldbruck 1994, ISSN 0720-051X
- Oliver Strüber: Strong D-Kupler . In: railway magazine . No. 10 , 2019, ISSN 0342-1902 , p. 10-17 .
- Markus Inderst: The series 86 of the ÖBB ex DRB. In: Modellbahnwelt. No. 3/2020, pp. 17-25.
Web links
- www.museumslok.de - All preserved machines
- Information on the surviving class 86 locomotives on the "Railway Museum Vehicles" website
Individual evidence
- ↑ Oliver Strüber: Strong D coupler . In: railway magazine . No. 10 , 2019, ISSN 0342-1902 , p. 12 .
- ↑ Oliver Strüber: Strong D coupler . In: railway magazine . No. 10 , 2019, ISSN 0342-1902 , p. 16 .
- ^ Standard tender locomotive 86 457.South German Railway Museum Heilbronn, accessed on April 29, 2020 .
- ^ A b Ludger Kenning: The Bentheim Railway . Kenning Verlag, Nordhorn 1987, ISBN 3-9800952-4-X , p. 56-57 .
- ↑ Data sheet about the locomotives of the Bentheim Railway with mention of the BE 41
- ↑ Norbert Peschke : The Zwickau hard coal mining and its coal railways . Zschiesche GmbH, Wilkau-Haßlau 2007, ISBN 3-9808512-9-X , p. 178 ff .
- ↑ Brückenbergschachtbahn Zwickau. In: sachsenschiene.net. Retrieved May 5, 2020 .
- ^ Skansen taboru kolejowego w Chabówce. Lokomotywa parowa TKt3. In: parowozy.pl. Retrieved April 29, 2020 (Polish).