Sovetsky zheleznye dorogi
The Soviet Railways ( Russian Советские железные дороги (СЖД), transcribed Sowetskije schelesnyje dorogi , scientific transliteration Sovetskie železnye dorogi (SŽD)) was the state railway of the Soviet Union . It was founded in December 1922. Administration was the responsibility of a separate Ministry of Railways in Moscow .
As a whole, the SŽD was one of the largest railway networks in the world. They were organized as a community of regional railway companies whose borders were only rudimentarily oriented towards the borders of the Union republics . These regional railway companies acted largely independently. The designation "SŽD" was practically only used for a uniform appearance vis-à-vis railway companies in other countries and only written on wagons for international traffic.
Successor companies
When the Soviet Union was dissolved in 1991, the successor states of the Soviet Union established their own railway companies that took over the infrastructure and operations on the respective territory. As a rule, there was no agreement with the previous sub-companies. The largest successor company is the Russian Railways (RŽD) , which until the end of 2002 was still structured according to the SŽD organizational principle.
The following table lists the railway companies established in 1991 in the successor states of the Soviet Union.
| republic | Successor company |
|---|---|
| Armenia | Hajkakan Jerkatughi (HJe) (Now South Caucasian Railway ) |
| Azerbaijan | Azərbaycan Dövlət Dəmir Yolu (ADDY) |
| Estonia | Eesti Raudtee (EVR) |
| Georgia | Sakartwelos Rkinigsa (SR) |
| Kazakhstan | Kazakhstan Temir Scholy (KTZ) |
| Kyrgyzstan | Kyrgy's Temir Dscholu (KTJ) |
| Latvia | Latvijas dzelzceļš (LDZ) |
| Lithuania | Lietuvos Gelezinkeliai (LG) |
| Moldova | Calea Ferată din Moldova (CFM) |
| Russia | Rossijskije schelesnyje dorogi (RŽD) |
| Tajikistan | Rohi Ohani Todschikiston (Роҳи оҳани Тоҷикистон) |
| Turkmenistan | Türkmenistanyň Demir ýol (TDÝ) |
| Ukraine | Ukrzalisnytsja (UZ) |
| Uzbekistan | Oʻzbekiston Temir Yoʻllari (UTY) |
| Belarus | Belaruskaja Tschyhunka (BC) |