Großneuhausen
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Coordinates: 51 ° 10 ′ N , 11 ° 17 ′ E |
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| Basic data | ||
| State : | Thuringia | |
| County : | Sömmerda | |
| Management Community : | Koelleda | |
| Height : | 148 m above sea level NHN | |
| Area : | 11.9 km 2 | |
| Residents: | 644 (Dec. 31, 2019) | |
| Population density : | 54 inhabitants per km 2 | |
| Postal code : | 99625 | |
| Area code : | 036372 | |
| License plate : | SÖM | |
| Community key : | 16 0 68 019 | |
| Association administration address: | Markt 1 99625 Kölleda |
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| Website : | ||
| Mayor : | Torsten Köther (SchGes) | |
| Location of the community Großneuhausen in the district of Sömmerda | ||
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Großneuhausen is a municipality in the Sömmerda district in Thuringia . It belongs to the administrative community Kölleda , which has its administrative headquarters in the city of Kölleda .
location
Großneuhausen lies with its district in the middle of the fertile Thuringian basin , the Lossa separates Großneuhausen and Kleinneuhausen . The federal highway 85 runs through the village coming from Weimar to Kölleda and further on.
history
Until the beginning of the 20th century
At the beginning of the 9th century, Großneuhausen was first mentioned as Nihusun in a list of the goods lent by Archbishop Lullus († 786) of Mainz to the monastery of Hersfeld von Free. There was no difference to Kleinneuhausen at that time. The place belonged to the part of the county of Beichlingen , which in 1448 came to the counts Botho zu Stolberg and Heinrich von Schwarzburg as rule Frohndorf and in 1505 it was sold to Hans von Werthern .
On Peasants' War 1524-25 the village was not involved, although it had a high "penalty" afford. In 1613 the village was flooded in the Great Thuringian Flood . In the Thirty Years' War there was severe looting. In 1626 the plague took half of the population, and in 1682/83 the plague raged again in the town. In 1654 a fire destroyed almost the entire village. In 1708 the manor house and again a large part of the village burned down due to lightning.
In the years 1708 to 1711 the electoral Saxon ambassador and chancellor Georg Graf von Werthern -Beichlingen (1663–1721) had a new castle built in place of the old seat. It was a three-wing, two-storey building with a three-storey central projectile and a mansard roof, related to the Weimar buildings of the "plait style". The castle was owned by the Counts of Werthern until it was expropriated in 1945. From February 1948, the intact castle and its outbuildings were demolished under the forced intervention of the male village population, after it had been put on the list of “evidences of feudal oppression to be removed”.
In 1709 Großneuhausen received the "patrimonial jurisdiction " with the corresponding administration of justice. In addition to Großneuhausen, a few other places belonged to this patrimonial court , including a. Ellersleben . In 1728 a new church was built, incorporating the late medieval west tower of the previous building: in the style of the transition from baroque to rococo. The architect was Johann Adolph Richter . It was consecrated to Saint George in 1729 and also served as a castle church for the von Werthern family. In the 18th century several members of the family were buried in the church vault.
Until 1815 Großneuhausen belonged to the Eckartsberga office of the Electorate of Saxony . Due to the resolutions of the Congress of Vienna on November 23, 1815, Großneuhausen and other places in the south of the Eckartsberga office were handed over to the Grand Duchy of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach , while the majority of the Eckartsberga office fell to Prussia . In 1817 the Grand Duchy incorporated Großneuhausen into the Buttstädt office . In 1825 the place was struck again by a major fire, after which it was rebuilt using a "relaxed" construction method. In 1825 and 1836 the population bought themselves free from the unpaid labor services they had previously performed for the manor. In 1841 Ferdinand Freiligrath was married to Ida Melos from Großmonra in the castle church . After the dissolution of the patrimonial jurisdiction, the place belonged from 1850 legally to the district court district Buttstädt and administratively to the administrative district Apolda . In 1874 Großneuhausen was connected to the Straussfurt – Großheringen railway , in 1875 a new school, in 1897 a kindergarten, in 1909 connection to the electricity supply and in 1910 the water pipeline was built.
From the First World War
The First World War - from which over 30 men did not return - the positive development of the place was interrupted.
From 1938 to 1945 female labor service was billeted in the castle. As a "substitute" for the armed forces conscripts in had the Second World War 168 men and women from Yugoslavia on the estate forced labor do, 95 people from Poland , Russia and the Ukraine with farmers.
In November 1944, Countess Elisabeth Werthern and her daughter moved into some rooms of the predetermined widow's residence at the castle after her husband Wolfgang von Werthern-Beichlingen had fallen. Refugees from the eastern regions were accepted in the castle , and it finally also housed hospital rooms. In April 1945 US troops occupied the place and also quartered in the castle. Much was “requisitioned”, including from the houses of the villagers. Before the arrival of the Red Army at the end of June 1945 / beginning of July, the countess and the relatives who had been taken in with her fled to Westphalia. Elisabeth Countess Werthern was then from 1951 to 1984 managing director of the German Parliamentary Society in the federal capital Bonn .
Großneuhausen was incorporated into the Soviet occupation zone (SBZ). The Soviet headquarters was established in the castle. After that it was temporarily occupied by 40 refugee families. From 1945 expropriations took place in the place, first of the castle and manor. The intact castle, including the manor barn, sheds and barns then fell from February 1948 forced use of male villagers the demolition prey. Before that, it was put on the list of “evidences of feudal oppression to be removed”. The background to this was the corresponding Order No. 209 of the Soviet Military Administration in Germany (SMAD). Part of the population had objected; so the sports club wanted to move into the abandoned castle. The valuable inventory (furniture, paintings and library) was lost. Furniture from the castle ended up at a central assembly point of the Soviet occupying forces in Kölleda. Most of the rubble was used to fill in the large castle pond, suitable material also for new farms . These were partially placed in the castle park, the valuable trees of which were cut down. (A small consumer market was built on the site of the castle in 1979). The new farmers received small plots of land. These and the property of “republican” farmers formed the basis for the establishment of the LPG in the early 1950s. Großneuhausen then also took part in all other social developments in the GDR . A new school was built in the late 1970s. The church of St. George was in a bad state of disrepair, despite efforts by committed personalities to preserve it during the GDR era. Countess Werthern, who lives in West Germany, also contributed financially to this. From 1990 the church is extensively renewed, not least thanks to the efforts of an active board of trustees to preserve it, and from sponsors. The German Foundation for Monument Protection (DSD) is also involved. Großneuhausen has suffered from a birth deficit and emigration since 1990, resulting in a decrease in population. The schools in town were closed.
In 2011, Großneuhausen celebrated the 1225th anniversary of its first documentary mention.
High-ranking guests of the castle
- August the Strong , Elector of Saxony and King of Poland, visited the castle several times, for example in 1729, on the way to the annual maneuvers in Kannawurf
- The Duke of Braunschweig , wounded after the battle of Jena and Auerstedt in 1806, Field Marshal in Prussian service
- Davout , Marshal Napoleon, victor of Auerstedt, 1806
- Blücher , Prussian Field Marshal General, after the Battle of Leipzig in 1813
- Günther , Prince of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt 1901
- Wilhelm II , German Emperor, on the occasion of an "Kaiserjagd" in 1902
Source of compilation
Population development
Development of the population:
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Data source: Thuringian State Office for Statistics
politics
Municipal council
The community council from Großneuhausen consists of 8 council members and councilors.
- FDP 1 seats
- BüIn 2 seats
- FFW 3 seats
- Shooting Society 1 seat
- SV Lossatal 1 seat
(Status: May 2014 local elections )
mayor
The honorary mayor Torsten Köther was elected on May 25, 2014.
Culture and sights
- St. George's Church : village and former castle church. Built in the years 1727/29, during the transition from Baroque to Rococo: “A jewel of church architecture”. Since 1990 advanced renovation measures.
- Cemetery with walling, gate and a multitude of historical burial sites
- Memorial to the fallen of the First World War on the church square. The village pond and a venerable old yew tree, which is under nature protection, are included in the complex.
- Two old courtyard gates worth seeing
traffic
The former train station and today's Großneuhausen stop is on the Straussfurt – Großheringen railway line (Pfefferminzbahn) . Regional trains run every two hours on line EB 27 of the Erfurt Railway to Sömmerda and Buttstädt .
Personalities
- Johann Adam Löw (born September 25, 1710 in Großneuhausen, † January 19, 1775 in Gotha ), Protestant theologian
- Hermann Muthesius (born April 20, 1861 in Großneuhausen; † October 26, 1927 in Berlin ) was an architect , author, privy councilor in the Prussian Ministry of Commerce, influential theoretician of 'modern' architecture and ' industrial design ', critic of Art Nouveau and co-founder of German Werkbund .
- Johann Friedrich Weidler (born April 23, 1691 in Großneuhausen; † December 30, 1755 in Wittenberg ) was professor of mathematics and astronomy at the University of Wittenberg, also a legal scholar and twice rector of the university.
- Johann Gottlob Weidler (born January 7, 1708 in Großneuhausen; † September 10, 1750 in Wittenberg) was Professor of Saxon Law at the University of Wittenberg.
literature
- Frank Boblenz : On the participation of Johann Nicolaus Bach (1669–1753) in the construction of the new organ for the St. Georg Church in Großneuhausen in 1728 and 1730. In: Sömmerdaer Heimatheft. 14, 2002, ZDB -ID 1158652-7 , pp. 92-100.
- Frank Boblenz: Großneuhausen. Sömmerda district. St. George's Church. Uwe John (Red.): State capital Erfurt, district Gotha, Ilm-Kreis, district Sömmerda, city Weimar, district Weimarer Land (= cultural discoveries Thuringia. Vol. 3). Schnell & Steiner, Regensburg 2010, ISBN 978-3-7954-2461-9 , pp. 126–127.
- Günther Kilian: Renovation of the St. Georg church in Großneuhausen. In: Sömmerdaer Heimatheft. 10, 1998, pp. 179-181.
- Günther Kilian: The Werthernsche Castle in Großneuhausen. Manuscript. 2009.
Individual evidence
- ^ Population of the municipalities from the Thuringian State Office for Statistics ( help on this ).
- ↑ https://grossneuhausen.de/schloss Website of the community Großneuhausen
- ^ History of Großneuhausen on the town's homepage
- ↑ http://www.grossneuhausen.de/-5k- ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Thuringian Association of the Persecuted of the Nazi Regime - Association of Antifascists and Study Group of German Resistance 1933–1945 (Ed.): Local history guide to sites of resistance and persecution 1933–1945. Volume 8: Thuringia. VAS - Verlag für Akademische Schriften, Frankfurt am Main 2003, ISBN 3-88864-343-0 , p. 280.
- ^ Elisabeth Countess Werthern : From Weimar to Bonn. Memories. Burg-Verlag, Stuttgart et al. 1985, ISBN 3-922801-95-1 .
- ^ Sömmerda village church St. Georg
- ^ Günther Kilian: The Werthernsche Castle in Großneuhausen. Manuscript. 2009.
- ^ Regional Returning Officer Thuringia / Municipal Council Election 2009
Web links
- grossneuhausen.de - official website
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