Buttstädt

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coat of arms Germany map
Coat of arms of the municipality of Buttstädt
Buttstädt
Map of Germany, position of the municipality Buttstädt highlighted

Coordinates: 51 ° 7 '  N , 11 ° 25'  E

Basic data
State : Thuringia
County : Sömmerda
Height : 201 m above sea level NHN
Area : 104.8 km 2
Residents: 6660 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density : 64 inhabitants per km 2
Postal code : 99628
Area code : 036373
License plate : SÖM
Community key : 16 0 68 063
Community structure: 10 districts
Address of the
municipal administration: 		Großemsener Weg 5
99628 Buttstädt
Website : www.lg-buttstaedt.de
Mayor : Hendrik Blose ( CDU )
Location of the municipality of Buttstädt in the district of Sömmerda
Alperstedt Andisleben Büchel Buttstädt Eckstedt Elxleben Gangloffsömmern Gebesee Griefstedt Großmölsen Großneuhausen Großrudestedt Günstedt Haßleben Kindelbrück Kleinmölsen Kleinneuhausen Kölleda Markvippach Nöda Ollendorf Ostramondra Rastenberg Riethgen Riethnordhausen (bei Erfurt) Ringleben (bei Gebesee) Schloßvippach Schwerstedt Sömmerda Sprötau Straußfurt Udestedt Vogelsberg Walschleben Weißensee Werningshausen Witterda Wundersleben Thüringenmap
About this picture
Town hall ( location → )

Buttstädt is a rural municipality and second largest municipality in the Sömmerda district in the German state of Thuringia .

geography

Buttstädt is located in the eastern part of the Thuringian Basin , on the state border with Saxony-Anhalt , between Ettersberg and Finne .

Rural community division

The rural community of Buttstädt is divided into the following districts:

history

The first written mention of the place Buttstädt took place as Butesstat in the so-called Breviarium Sancti Lulli between the years 775 and 786, when the protectorate of Charlemagne over the monastery Hersfeld began. Margrave Ekkehard von Meißen was named as the city's founder more than 100 years later. In the 9th century the place was mentioned in documents of the Fulda monastery . The Großvargula taverns owned property and fiefdoms of the Fulda Abbey and the Landgraves of Thuringia in Buttstädt around 1214. In 1249, Margrave Heinrich III. of Meissen held a big day of judgment. The place has been a town since 1331, but the town charter itself was not granted until 1392. From 1408 the city received its own jurisdiction. In 1335 a major fire raged in the city, in 1350 the plague broke out. In 1408 Buttstädt was given full jurisdiction and bailiwick law. In 1418 the Allerheiligenmarket was mentioned on an old parchment document. In 1433, Landgrave Friedrich IV issued the city a "pardon". Another major fire struck the city in 1450 and destroyed almost all houses.

The construction of the church began in 1501 and that of the town hall in 1505. A stone tablet on the east side of the church reports: In the year of the Lord 1510, on the second Pentecost holiday, the first stone of this choir was set . On September 10, 1513, Emperor Maximilian gave Count Ernst zu Mansfeld permission to set up an ox market 14 days before Michaelis. Buttstädt has been known for its cattle markets since the 15th century. Construction of the city wall began in 1529. Buttstädt and Wendenstadt were united in 1536 and two years later the St. John's Church in Wendenvorstadt became a burial church and its cemetery became the city's cemetery. The nave was built in 1550, in 1551 the construction of the Catholic Church was finished on Michaelmas Day and the church was consecrated. The Rastenberger Tor was completed in 1558 and the large cellar in the town hall (south wing) was changed in 1563. Two years later, the town hall renovation was completed. In 1574 a paved road was built from the Windtor to the Gottesacker, in 1590 a paved road from the Brückor to the Kochborn. In 1591, the burial place was expanded by demolishing several houses in order to put the keystone in the portal of the complex in 1592 . After the great fire of 1596, Duke Wilhelm Ernst gave permission for a fourth fair. The plague broke out again in 1597. At the Campo Santo was brought in 1603 to a dedicatory inscription, which probably comes from the architect and stonemason Christoph German.

Buttstädt around 1650, Merian

In the 16th century, Buttstädt, which is only 17 km north-north-east of Weimar, was one of the most important cattle markets in Europe, where cattle from Hungary, Poland, Brandenburg and Pomerania were offered on November 1st. In the middle of the 16th century, Polish traders delivered 16,000 to 20,000 cattle there. On average, a cattle haul covered 25 km per day. The slaughter weight of the cattle bought in Buttstädt averaged 187 kg around 1622. The importance of the cattle market for centuries became at the end of the 19th Jhs. displaced by the railroad.

In 1605 a fire engine was bought, which was called "the art of fire". It was probably used in 1632 after the church gable was struck by lightning. During the Thirty Years War on September 28, 1632, Duke Bernhard the Great traveled through the city with his soldiers, and Sweden King Gustav Adolf also stayed overnight in the city with his staff in the same year. For the third time, the plague raged in the city in 1633/34 and killed 659 of the approximately 1500 inhabitants. A report by the city of Weimar shows that in 1640 two fifths of the Buttstädt corridor was desolate and there were only 182 inhabited houses. In 1651 lightning split the walls of the tower on All Saints' Day. In 1681, Duke Johann Ernst II issued a printed decree that no gypsies were tolerated in Saxe-Weimar . Instead, the plague swept across the country again, especially in Rastenberg , Guthmannshausen and Großbrembach were hardest hit. In Buttstädt, it took 375 people by 1685. In 1684 Liese Meyer started a fire that killed 180 houses, the town hall, both churches, the school and the rectory on July 18th. The remains of the old St. John's Church then had to be removed. On August 5, 1685, the arsonist herself was burned. The church was consecrated again in its current form in 1689 by Anton Mylius (first superintendent). But already on October 24th, 1690 the church tower was crooked.

From 1697 on, Buttstädt was the seat of a superintendent and, after the abolition of independent jurisdiction in 1812, was assigned to a Grand Ducal City Court, which became part of the Buttstädt office in 1817 , then the Justice Office in 1850 and finally the Buttstädt District Court in 1879 . Before the Buttstädt District was founded, the city was part of the Hardisleben District of the Duchy of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach in the 19th century .

The church received a baroque pipe organ from the organ builder Peter Heroldt from Apolda in 1700–1724. The church ceiling and galleries were designed in the Baroque style in 1720 by the Italian painter Francesco Domenico Minetti . Duke Ernst August took over the parade of the cuirassier regiment on Rossplatz in 1734, in 1734 Frederick the Great was quartered in Schall's house from October 3rd to 11th. In 1735 Rittmeister Hans Joachim von Zieten came to Buttstädt. During work on the church tower in 1782, the following message was found: During the Seven Years' War , before the Battle of Roßbach, King Frederick the Great of Prussia was in the Schall'schen house in the upper town from October 3rd to 11th, 1757 . At that time he was already suffering from gout and could no longer take part in a field camp. It is no longer known today where exactly the Schall house was.

Stumbling block for a murdered Pole at the crossroads Großemsener Weg / Neue Straße right in front of the pizzeria

At the end of January 1794, 650 French prisoners of war were in the town hall and in the customs house and in the barns at the bridge gate, 33 soldiers and 30 Buttstadters died. In 1806, the Duke of Braunschweig was joined at the Weimar court on October 14th after the Battle of Auerstedt . On May 3, 1812, 6,000 French cavalrymen marched through the city, probably on the way to the Battle of the Nations near Leipzig. In 1826 and 1827, 126 houses burned down. The fire engine from 1605 was last used in 1884. The bell was exchanged for a larger one in 1904. Grand Duke Wilhelm Ernst and his wife Carolina visited the city on July 7, 1904. On November 12, 1921, the church council proposed to the parish council to hand over the Campo Santo , but the application was finally rejected.

During the time of National Socialism , the Reichsarbeitsdienstlager, Department 7/231, existed in Buttstädt , in which young men from Thuringia were used for construction work, also for the purpose of war preparation. With the onset of the persecution of citizens for political, racist and religious reasons, resistance from the working class began. One of them was Johannes Enke , who died in 1945 as a result of his imprisonment in Buchenwald concentration camp . A street commemorated him in the GDR era. Johannes Enke was denounced as a spy by numerous citizens during the National Socialist era. After research by the history workshop of the Prager-Haus-Verein Apolda , the rumors circulating in Buttstädt about an alleged spying activity of the communist Enke against his comrades were proven to be incorrect. Inspired by this research, an interest group was formed in Buttstädt, which, with the consent of the mayor and city council, decided to have a stumbling block laid for Enke. The ten Jewish citizens registered in the city in 1938 were persecuted, driven into emigration or murdered. A Sinti family and a homosexual man were also victims of the Nazi dictatorship. During the Second World War , over 400 prisoners of war as well as women and men from the countries occupied by Germany had to do forced labor : at a bus company , at the railway maintenance office , at the Raiffeisen camp , in the Becker estate . Numerous victims of forced labor were buried in the cemetery, but their graves can no longer be found. A 20-year-old woman was sentenced to nine months in prison in 1940 for contact with a French prisoner of war. A woman from Buttstadt who had a relationship with a Polish " Eastern worker " was blackened by the National Socialists in 1943, shaved off her head, pilloried at the town hall fountain and sentenced to four years in prison. The Pole was publicly hanged on the Roßplatz . Forced laborers from Buttstädt and the surrounding area had to attend the execution.

In 1978, for structural reasons, the Michaeliskirche was closed (opened again today). The town hall has been repaired since 1992 until today.

On October 15, 2011, the Cologne action artist Gunter Demnig laid three stumbling blocks : for a murdered Polish prisoner of war , a four-year-old victim of Nazi “ euthanasia ” and for the communist resistance fighter Johannes Enke.

Buttstädt as the city of horse markets

After the great city fire of 1684, Buttstädt was given the privilege of holding a fourth market, the so-called fasting market, in addition to the three existing annual fairs for Midsummer, Michaelmas and All Saints' Day to compensate for the devastating fire. The first written mention of a free fair can be found in a letter from the Erfurt council from 1428. During this time, especially cattle were driven in huge numbers. After the Thirty Years' War Buttstädt became the city of horse markets, which made the place very prosperous, which in turn triggered brisk building activity. It is thanks to the commitment of many citizens that the Thuringian horse market of modern times in Buttstädt has developed into a true folk festival since 1982 and attracts thousands of visitors every year on the first weekend in July.

Church planting

As part of the regional reform in Thuringia , the new rural community of Buttstädt was founded on January 1, 2019 from the city of Buttstädt and the communities Ellersleben , Eßleben-Teutleben , Großbrembach , Guthmannshausen , Hardisleben , Kleinbrembach , Mannstedt , Olbersleben and Rudersdorf . The town charter was lost. Before that, they had been part of the Buttstädt administrative community since 1991 and 1995 respectively .

Population development

Development of the population:

  • 1830-1957
  • 1994 - 3,088
  • 1995 - 3,035
  • 1996-2989
  • 1997-2993
  • 1998 - 2,988
  • 1999 - 2,998
  • 2000-2,945
  • 2001 - 2,937
  • 2002 - 2,840
  • 2003 - 2,729
  • 2004 - 2,686
  • 2005 - 2,655
  • 2006 - 2,644
  • 2007 - 2,634
  • 2008 - 2,587
  • 2009 - 2,598
  • 2010 - 2,511
  • 2011 - 2,479
  • 2012 - 2,458
  • 2013 - 2,469
  • 2014 - 2,475
  • 2015 - 2,566
  • 2016 - 2,481
  • 2017 - 2,502
  • 2018 - 2,522

Data source: Thuringian State Office for Statistics

politics

Municipal council

The municipal council election on May 26, 2019 , after the establishment of the new rural municipality, led to the following result for the composition of the municipal council:

Political party Share of votes Seats
CDU 38.7% 8th
WLB 1 31.6% 6th
AfD 18.3% 4th
SPD 7.0% 1
Green 4.4% 1
1 Community of voters in the rural community of Buttstädt

mayor

In the local elections in 2010, Norbert Kresse (FDP) was elected honorary mayor. After his resignation at the end of October 2012, Hendrik Blose (SPD) won the new election on January 20, 2013 and has been honorary mayor of Buttstädt ever since. In the mayoral election on November 4, 2018, Blose (now CDU) was confirmed in office with 98.6% of the votes. After the community was re-established, however, another mayoral election was necessary, which Hendrik Blose also won, this time with 96.5% of the vote. This made him the full-time mayor of the new rural community.

coat of arms

Blazon : "In blue a silver-clad angel with a golden sword in the raised right hand, holding a golden balance in the left, at his feet a green dragon lying on his back, covered with a small blue shield with a silver lily inside."

Already on the first seal from the 14./15. In the 19th century a silver lily can be seen as well as the Archangel Michael , the patron saint of the city church.

The Archangel Michael can be interpreted as a dragon slayer and later as a soul weigher. The silver lily on a blue background is the symbol of pure justice.

Culture and sights

and display information about the image
Marketplace with Michaeliskirche

Buttstädt has a medieval town center. The partially still existing city wall, the bridge gate and the Rastenberger gate are, along with 42 other individual objects, under monument protection. The late Gothic Michaeliskirche (construction started in 1511) with its pulpit altar made of wood from around 1727 (with 14 life-size figures) and the Renaissance town hall (1501–1606) are particularly worth seeing . In the immediate vicinity is the Michaelis fountain from 1597 with the patron saint of the city, St. Michael.

Historically particularly noteworthy is the Camposanto , a cemetery from the end of the 16th century with around 160 gravestones from the Baroque, Rococo and Classicism periods. Extensive renovation and restoration work has been going on for a number of years, but this historic cemetery, presumably in the Italian-French style and thus unique north of the Alps, is currently open to the public. Only the Stadtgottesacker in Halle (Saale) remains comparable to the system .

See also the list of cultural monuments in Buttstädt

  • City church, view from the east ( Lage → )

  • City church, view from the south

  • Town hall, southern side wing

  • Town hall, portal and bay window of the northern side wing

  • View into the Camposanto (historical cemetery)

  • Tombs in Camposanto

Economy and Infrastructure

Previous companies

The earmuffs as protection against the cold were invented on November 14th, 1902 by Hugo Hüttenrauch in Buttstädt and protected by patent . After the nationalization by the GDR in the early 1970s , operations were completely stopped on December 31, 1975.

  • VEB Thükofa Buttstädt, Thuringian canning factory

Major manufacturer of mainly canned vegetables. Was liquidated after the fall of the Wall.

Established businesses

  • Buttstädter Vollkornbäckerei GmbH, production of baked goods, 30 employees
  • Metallverarbeitung Buttstädt GmbH, manufacture of machine tools, 81 employees
  • Buttstädt GmbH company building, construction company, approx. 100 employees
  • System-Bau GmbH, construction company
  • Beton -elemente GmbH, production of concrete parts
  • Bennewitz butcher's shop
  • Günther Spelsberg GmbH + Co. KG, manufacture of electrical installation products, approx. 100 employees at the Buttstädt location
  • Royal For Events GmbH & Co. KG - event company with a focus on renting and holding events with advertising and event equipment as well as production

Regular events

  • Buttstädter Taubenmarkt every Thursday in February
  • Thuringian horse market Buttstädt on the first weekend in July

traffic

Station building from the street
Modern train station facilities

Buttstädt is connected to the transport network by the roads L1057, L1058 and Oberwendstrasse. The regional transport companies from Sömmerda and Weimar operate local transport, including a. There are daily connections to Weimar and Rastenberg. At the Buttstädt train station , regional trains of the Erfurt Railway run every two hours as line EB 27 ( Pfefferminzbahn ) in the direction of Sömmerda. Up to December 2017, trains also ran to Großheringen on the Halle – Erfurt railway line, as well as individual amplifiers for an hourly service to Sömmerda.

The new Erfurt – Leipzig / Halle line runs northwest of Buttstädt . This is where the Gänsebachtal Bridge is located , which was awarded the German Bridge Construction Prize 2014.

education

The Sophienschule primary school , the state-run Prof. Graefe regular school and the state regional support center Buttstädt are located in Buttstädt .

Personalities

Honorary citizen

  • Ernst Behr (1847–1929), Protestant superintendent

Sons and daughters of Buttstadt

Persons who are connected to Buttstädt

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Population of the municipalities from the Thuringian State Office for Statistics  ( help on this ).
  2. ↑ Main statutes of the rural community of Buttstädt from July 8, 2019 , accessed on March 28, 2020
  3. ↑ Wilfried Warsitzka: The Thuringian Landgrave. Bussert & Stadeler, Jena 2004, ISBN 3-932906-22-5 , p. 202.
  4. ↑ Uwe Schirmer : Upper and West German slaughter cattle from Buttstädter Markt in the 16th century. In: Yearbook for Franconian State Research 56 (1996) 259–282.
  5. ↑ Marian Małowist, Adelheid Simsch: Poland 1450-1650. In: Hermann Kellenbenz (Hrsg.): European economic and social history from the end of the Middle Ages to the middle of the 17th century (= handbook of European economic and social history. Vol. 3). Klett-Cotta, Stuttgart 1986, ISBN 3-12-904750-6 , pp. 1074-1096, here p. 1092.
  6. ^ Journal of Agricultural History and Agricultural Sociology . Vol. 45, 1997, p. 273.
  7. ↑ Manfred Straube : Food requirements, food production and food trade in the Thuringian-Saxon region at the beginning of the 16th century. In: Herwig Ebner , Walter Höflechner , Helmut J. Mezler-Andelberg , Paul W. Roth , Hermann Wiesflecker (eds.): Festschrift Othmar Pickl for his 60th birthday. Leykam, Graz et al. 1987, pp. 579-588, here p. 580.
  8. ^ Johann Ernst Fabri : Geography for all estates. Part 1, Volume 4: Which contains the continuation and the resolution of the Upper Saxon Circle. Schwickert, Leipzig 1793, p. 38 f.
  9. ↑ Thuringian Association of the Persecuted of the Nazi Regime - Association of Antifascists and Study Group of German Resistance 1933–1945 (Ed.): Local history guide to sites of resistance and persecution 1933–1945. Volume 8: Thuringia. VAS - Verlag für Akademische Schriften, Frankfurt am Main 2003, ISBN 3-88864-343-0 , p. 267.
  10. ↑ Apoldaer Tageblatt , November 6, 1940.
  11. ↑ City Chronicle.
  12. ↑ Buttstädt municipal council election 2019. wahlen.thueringen.de, accessed on August 1, 2019 .
  13. ↑ Buttstädt has voted - Hendrik Blose is mayor
  14. ↑ Mayor election Buttstädt 2019. wahlen.thueringen.de, accessed on August 1, 2019 .
  15. ↑ German Bridge Construction Award 2014 ( Memento of the original from April 13, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.brueckenbaupreis.de
  16. ↑ August Hirsch :  Fahner, Johann Christoph . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 6, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1877, p. 534.
  17. ^ Karl Theodor von Inama-Sternegg :  Schwabe, Hermann . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 33, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1891, p. 161 f.

Web links

Commons : Buttstädt  - collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Buttstatt in the Topographia Superioris Saxoniae (Matthäus Merian)  - sources and full texts