Großrudestedt

coat of arms	Germany map
	Coordinates: 51 ° 5 '  N , 11 ° 6'  E
Basic data
State :	Thuringia
County :	Sömmerda
Management Community :	Gramme-Vippach
Height :	163 m above sea level NHN
Area :	23.9 km 2
Residents:	1847 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density :	77 inhabitants per km 2
Postal code :	99195
Area code :	036204
License plate :	SÖM
Community key :	16 0 68 021
Address of the municipal administration:	Karl-Marx-Platz 3 99195 Großrudestedt
Website :	www.grossrudestedt.com
Mayor :	Andreas Müller (FWG)
Location of the community Großrudestedt in the district of Sömmerda

Großrudestedt is a municipality in the Sömmerda district in Thuringia . Districts are: Kleinrudestedt , Kranichborn , Schwansee and Großrudestedt (in the narrower sense).

The community belongs to the administrative community Gramme-Vippach , which has its seat in Schloßvippach .

geography

Großrudestedt is located in the south-eastern part of the Thuringian Basin .

history

The place name probably means "settlement site of a Ruodin (and comrades)". Places on "stedt" were probably created in the Hermundurian times. Slavs / Wends could have been settled in Kleinrudestedt , the village was formerly called "Wenigenrudestedt". In 1211 a Bernolf von Rudestedt was mentioned as a servant of Landgrave Hermann von Thuringia, later also other "Rudestedt". The village then came into the possession of the Counts of Beichlingen .

In the 13th century close relationships arose with the Marienstift in Erfurt , which also had the right of patronage over the church. The time of "Großrudestedt under the Marienstifte Erfurt" lasted from 1322 to 1452. The white women monastery and the civic hospital Erfurt also had property in Großrudestedt. There was also a German Order - Coming in the place. The period from 1452, when the Marienstift ceded its rights to the city, to 1535 is known as "Großrudestedt under the rate of Erfurt". Großrudestedt was always indirectly affected by the plague that occurred twice in Erfurt ("the great dying") and the great city fire in 1472, especially financially with heavy debt. Lighter riots among the peasants were put down in 1516 by "war people" from Erfurt. Großrudestedter farmers were also involved in the occupation of Erfurt in 1525 during the Peasants' War , and the village had to bear the resulting punishment through an additional tax.

In the "dispute over Großrudestedt", the place was taken over by the Elector of Saxony in 1535 . Since 1536 Großrudestedt had a Protestant pastor. A schoolmaster had been working for boys since the middle of the 16th century. Kleinrudestedt was affected by the plague of 1610/11 with 31 deaths. The "Thuringian Flood" caused by massive downpours caused severe damage to the villages and corridors through flooding. It was commemorated in annual days of penance and prayer for over 100 years. In the Thirty Years War Großrudestedt suffered so much that the number of inhabitants fell from 430 "souls" to 48 due to death and flight, 156 deserted and uninhabited houses were compared to 14 still inhabited. Neighboring villages, such as Kleinrudestedt, were completely depopulated.

Großrudestedt belonged to the "Vogtei Schwansee" with Schwansee , Großmölsen and Kleinrudestedt until the middle of the 17th century . With transfer of the headquarters of District Court of swan lake and Brembach after Großrudestedt was in 1664 Office Großrudestedt founded, which since 1672 to Saxe-Eisenach to and from 1741 Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach belonged. In 1850 the office of Großrudestedt was opened in the Weimar administrative district of the Grand Duchy of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach.

The community seal with the symbol of justice dates from 1681. Large fires in 1686 and 1687 destroyed a large part of Großrudestedt, including the church tower, the parish and the boys' school. In 1705 the last witch trial took place in the place, which ended with the execution of the defendant by the sword; see the documentary-literary adaptation Die Hexe von Großrudestedt . At the beginning of the 18th century Großrudestedt had about 600 inhabitants. More and more handicrafts joined traditional agriculture. The monastic property became a free property . In 1724 the church of St. Albanus was almost rebuilt, and in 1744 the two old gates, the upper and lower gates, were rebuilt. In 1742 Duke Ernst August I had the Schwansee registry office converted into a pleasure palace, and in 1746 he laid the foundation stone for a new building. The Schwansee, which was artificially created around 1480, was drained and reforested in the 1790s. The Seven Years' War brought through marches, looting, billeting and forced deliveries considerable burden and high debt with them.

In 1806, when "almost all places in the area were plundered by the French", Groß-, Kleinrudestedt and Schwansee were spared. In 1813 there was looting by Cossacks . Volunteer and “evacuated” Rudestedt citizens fought against Napoleon from 1813 to 1815 . In 1820 a fire set 88 houses and 120 other buildings in Großrudestedt to rubble and ashes. From the middle of the 19th century, boys and girls were taught together. The streets were paved, a postal expedition was set up in 1861, the town was illuminated with lanterns in 1864, and a telegraph station was built in 1879. In 1881 the connection to the Prussian State Railway Erfurt-Sangerhausen was created with the station . This was a significant improvement for passenger and freight traffic. Thus began sugar beet production in the area, a sugar mill was built 1886th In 1882 the regulation of the grams began. In 1895 a new school building was inaugurated. In 1900 Großrudestedt had 1,125 inhabitants, including temporary workers. Most of the 46 Catholics were made up of these.

In 1887 the community also got a rail connection to Weimar and Rastenberg via Buttelstedt. The Weimar-Rastenberger Eisenbahn-Gesellschaft operated this secondary line with meter gauge. In 1898, the Berlin railway entrepreneur Herrmann Bachstein took over the uneconomical railway, shut down unprofitable routes and continued to operate the railway, popularly known as "Laura", until 1946, from 1923 under the name "Weimar-Buttelstedt-Großrudestedter Railway".

Gerd Bergmann, born on March 21, 1928 in Großrudestedt, resisted during the National Socialist era . Together with four friends from a commercial school in Erfurt , he distributed leaflets against the war and listened to forbidden foreign stations. Some leaflets also came to Großrudestedt and were secretly distributed. Because of "preparing a treasonable enterprise" Gerd Bergmann was arrested in September 1943 and eight months for more remand sentenced in June 1944 to six months in juvenile detention.

During the Second World War , prisoners of war from Poland and France as well as 158 women and men from Poland, the Soviet Union and Yugoslavia had to do forced labor in Großrudestedt : in agriculture and at the train station. In Kleinrudestedt there were 70 forced laborers who were employed by farmers and in the Schwansee Forest. 30 Poles and seven Russians worked in Kranichborn . Ten Poles worked on the Tümmlerschen Gut . A toddler and an elderly woman were subjected to forced labor.

In April 1945 Großrudestedt was occupied by the US Army and in July by the Red Army . The place thus belonged to the Soviet occupation zone , from 1949 to the GDR , after the reunification and reunification from 1990 to the Federal Republic of Germany / Free State of Thuringia .

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  Church of St. Albanus in Großrudestedt

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  Rectory in Großrudestedt

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  School in Großrudestedt

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  War memorial 1870/71

Population development

Development of the population:

1994 - 2,058 1995 - 2,088 1996 - 2,139 1997 - 2,183 1998 - 2,195 1999 - 2,217

2000 - 2,200 2001 - 2,169 2002 - 2,147 2003 - 2,118 2004 - 2,088 2005 - 2,059

2006 - 2,032 2007 - 2,028 2008 - 2,003 2009 - 1,946 2010 - 1,941 2011 - 1,907

2012 - 1,908 2013 - 1,875 2014 - 1,862 2015 - 1,884 2016 - 1,851 2017 - 1,850

2018 - 1,855

Data source: Thuringian State Office for Statistics

politics

Municipal council

Since the municipal council election on May 25, 2014, the municipal council from Großrudestedt has consisted of 12 councilors. Of these, seven seats go to the free voters (56.7% of the votes) and five seats to the CDU (43.3% of the votes).

mayor

The honorary mayor Andreas Müller was elected on June 5, 2016.

coat of arms

The coat of arms was approved on February 1, 1995 by the Thuringian State Administration Office.

Blazon : "In red a silver female figure with a golden blindfold, in the raised left hand a golden balance, in the right hand holding a golden sword, which is accompanied by four golden stars (1: 2: 1) at the top right."

The female figure with the attributes of a blindfold, sword and scales represents Justitia , the embodiment of law and justice. The community thus picks up a historical seal motif in heraldic implementation. This symbol was first used in the seal in 1681, as Großrudestedt had been a judicial district since 1664 and 1672. The four stars stand for the districts of Schwansee, Kranichborn, Kleinrudestedt and Großrudestedt themselves.

The coat of arms was designed by the heraldist Frank Jung .

Culture and sights

• See also: List of cultural monuments in Großrudestedt

Großrudestedt

• Ev. St Albanus Church : named after the British martyr Alban von Verullam. Today's construction of the church mainly from 1724. The tower dome, which was in danger of collapsing, was renewed in 1993/94 and placed on a steel profile frame. It runs out in a "royal style" nine meters in length.
• Restored war memorial for those who died in the Franco-Prussian War of 1870/71 from Großrudestedt and the surrounding villages of the district
• Restored "German House" as a town house and mayor's seat

Other districts

• Kranichborn : mansion of the former manor, memorial stone from 1913 in memory of the Battle of Leipzig 100 years earlier, in the shape of a Waidmühlstein. Above it, as a natural monument, a wide oak tree . Village church in Kranichborn and the surrounding churchyard with historical gravestones.
• Schwansee : village church from 1675/76. Large pigeon tower with monument status. Former hunting lodge . NSG Schwanseer Forst.
• Kleinrudestedt : Church ruins: preserved church tower and foundation walls of the nave, which was demolished in the 1980s due to dilapidation.

The Laura cycle path runs through Großrudestedt

Economy and Infrastructure

• Agricultural cooperative with milk and plant production
• various small and medium-sized companies

Personalities

• Ernst August Wilhelm Hörschelmann (* 1743 in Großrudestedt as the pastor's son): In 1768 he became professor of “History and World Wisdom” at the (German-speaking) Imperial Russian High School in Reval in Livonia.
• Hermann Gottlieb Heumann (* 1812 in Großrudestedt, † 1866), German lawyer
• Edmund Kanoldt (* 1845 in Großrudestedt as the son of a pharmacist, † 1904 in Bad Nauheim): German painter, particularly heroic landscapes and events.
• Karl Rothe (* 1848 in Großrudestedt, † 1921 in Eisenach): Minister of State in the Grand Duchy of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach, became an honorary citizen of the city because of his services to the city and the University of Jena.
• Jörg Winter (born September 21, 1944 in Großrudestedt): Canon lawyer and state church lawyer, professor in Heidelberg and Freiburg.

literature

• F. Spieß: History of the village of Großrudestedt in the Grand Duchy of Saxony. With consideration of the area and in the context of the national history. Buchdruckerei Wackes in commission among others, Großrudestedt among others 1912, (Reprint: Möbius, Artern 1997).

Web links

Commons : Großrudestedt  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

1. ^ Population of the municipalities from the Thuringian State Office for Statistics  ( help on this ).
2. ↑ In: Hans Heinrich: woman stories. WM-Literatur-Verlag, Weilheim 2002, ISBN 3-9808439-0-4 , pp. 48-61.
3. ^ ^{A b} Thuringian Association of the Persecuted of the Nazi Regime - Association of Antifascists and Study Group of German Resistance 1933–1945 (Ed.): Local history guide to sites of resistance and persecution 1933–1945. Volume 8: Thuringia. VAS - Verlag für Akademische Schriften, Frankfurt am Main 2003, ISBN 3-88864-343-0 , p. 269.
4. ↑ Hartmut Ulle: New Thuringian Wappenbuch. Volume 3: Eisenach, Gera, Greiz (district), Hildburghausen (district), Saale-Holzland district, Sömmerda (district), Sonneberg (district), Unstrut-Hainich district, Wartburg district. Working Group Genealogy Thuringia, Erfurt 1998, ISBN 3-9804487-3-8 , p. 60.