Gebesee

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coat of arms Germany map
Coat of arms of the city of Gebesee
Gebesee
Map of Germany, position of the city Gebesee highlighted

Coordinates: 51 ° 7 '  N , 10 ° 56'  E

Basic data
State : Thuringia
County : Sömmerda
Management Community : Gera-Aue
Height : 153 m above sea level NHN
Area : 24.08 km 2
Residents: 2116 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density : 88 inhabitants per km 2
Postal code : 99189
Area code : 036201
License plate : SÖM
Community key : 16 0 68 014

City administration address :
Marktplatz 13
99189 Gebesee
Website : www.gebesee.de
Mayor : Peter Liebe ( FDP )
Location of the town of Gebesee in the Sömmerda district
Alperstedt Andisleben Büchel Buttstädt Eckstedt Elxleben Gangloffsömmern Gebesee Griefstedt Großmölsen Großneuhausen Großrudestedt Günstedt Haßleben Kindelbrück Kleinmölsen Kleinneuhausen Kölleda Markvippach Nöda Ollendorf Ostramondra Rastenberg Riethgen Riethnordhausen (bei Erfurt) Ringleben (bei Gebesee) Schloßvippach Schwerstedt Sömmerda Sprötau Straußfurt Udestedt Vogelsberg Walschleben Weißensee Werningshausen Witterda Wundersleben Thüringenmap
About this picture

Gebesee is a country town in the Sömmerda district in Thuringia (Germany). Gebesee is a member and seat of the Gera-Aue administrative association . The city is located in the fertile Thuringian Basin , around 17 kilometers north of Erfurt .

geography

North of Gebesee, the Gera , which flows along the eastern edge of the city, flows into the Unstrut . Gebesee is located on federal highway 4 . The Erfurt – Nordhausen railway runs near Gebesee .

history

City Church of St. Laurentius
Typical street of the old town
Katharinenkirche

Gebesee had rights to a patch since the end of the Middle Ages and is said to have officially received city rights in 1638. There is no proof of this, so Gebesee was officially designated as a market town (1642) or Churfürstl. Saxon written village (1687) or noble. Flecken (1829). Nevertheless, the place has a formerly fortified old town. With an area of ​​around 35 hectares , it is even one of the larger old towns in Thuringia, although the space within the wall was never completely and densely built on. Some of the neighboring towns in the Thuringian Basin also have this characteristic, although it is particularly evident in Gebesee with its wide streets and well below 2000 inhabitants in the old town. Gebesee was an arable town with no significant trade, so the old town development is rather simple. The Gothic town church of St. Laurentius , the Romanesque Katharinenkirche and the castle consisting of two building complexes are worth seeing .

middle Ages

The missionary Bonifatius is said to have visited Gebesee as early as 731 and built a chapel on the nearby Klausberg. At the beginning of the 9th century Gebesee was mentioned as Gebise in a list of the goods of the Hersfeld Monastery founded by Archbishop Lullus († 786) of Mainz . In 1073, a state parliament was held on the Tretenburg , in which Saxony and Thuringia formed an alliance against Heinrich IV . The Tretenburg was destroyed on the orders of the Roman-German King Rudolf I in 1290. On June 24, 1375, Bärenstein Castle was besieged by Duke Otto von Braunschweig . The siege was ended by Landgrave Balthasar of Thuringia . During the siege, the Boniface Church was set on fire, but was rebuilt in the following years.

The knightly family " von Gebese ", which was first mentioned in a document with Henricus de Gebesehe around the year 900, comes from the place and had their ancestral seat here. The Klausberg, 1 km north of Gebesee, was a travel stop for the German kings. There was a facility from the 10th century in a strategically favorable location. Archaeological investigations of the area revealed settlement ceramics from the 10th and 11th centuries. Remains of the building indicate a large hall church, which probably survived the royal fortifications until the 13th century. The castle area was bordered by steep slopes of the Geraufer and arched walls. The two castle areas comprised around 4 hectares. The knightly family may have been responsible for keeping the inventory.

Early modern age

In 1502 Pope Alexander VI. the Church of St. Laurentius an indulgence, which is written on parchment and is now kept in the city archives. In 1508, Gebesee was pledged by Duke Georg of Saxony to the monastery at Pforten for 9,000 guilders . Adam Graf von Beichlingen then bought Gebesee from Duke Georg in 1518. In 1532 the Laurentiuskirche was expanded with stones from the chapel on the Klausberg, which was built by Bonifatius. The first Lutheran preacher was Nikolaus Ehrich from Weißensee, who was appointed by Bartholomeus Friedrich Graf von Beichlingen in 1555. In 1564 Gebesee was hit by the plague and 331 people died of it. On June 10, 1567, Count Bartholomäus Friedrich von Beichlingen died without leaving any male heirs. He was buried in the vault of the Laurentiuskirche. The Laurentiuskirche received an organ from Henricus Camenius for 210 guilders in 1576 . The plague hit Gebesee again in 1597 and 316 inhabitants died.

In 1602 the church of St. Lawrence was placed in front of the wall. A girls' school was opened in 1605. On August 25, 1616 there was a contract between the All Saints Church in Erfurt and their local confites. The contract included that the Conflites had to pay interest on their grain and that this should be measured in Gebeseer Scheffln . In 1630 the chapel on the church was completed and inaugurated by the pastor, Magister Benjamin Dedekind. On March 4, 1636, the Imperial Field Marshal Melchior von Hatzfeld camped at Gebesee Castle and stayed for four days. Then he moved on to the Elector of Saxony to besiege the Swedes in Magdeburg . Gebesee is said to have received town charter in 1638, but was officially referred to as a village or market town until the second half of the 19th century. Instead of a city court, there was only a noble patrimonial court in the place . On November 20, 1641, the Archduke Leopold Wilhelm of Austria and the Imperial Field Marshal Piccolomini camped for five days at Gebesee Castle. During the march, 20 houses went up in flames, as did the Bonifatiuskirche; this was badly damaged and rebuilt in 1659 by a state collection. In 1674, Metternich's troops plundered Gebesee several times when they went to war against the French. For the third time, the plague found its way into Gebesee in 1682. From 1706 to 1707 the Swedes camped in Gebesee, this cost the community 5,551 thalers and 17 silver groschen as contributions . A fire on December 29, 1745 destroyed 100 houses with all their barns and stables.

Recent history

Gebesee was initially the seat of its own office and after the Count of Beichlingen died out, it became part of the Weißensee office of Electoral Saxony . By the resolutions of the Vienna Congress Gebesee 1815 came to Prussia in 1816 the county Weissensee in the administrative district of Erfurt the province of Saxony assigned to which he belonged until 1944th The last owners of the castle and the estate were the Lords of the Brincken until 1918 . Then the castle was taken over by the "Stiftung deutsche Landerziehungsheime".

After the First World War , the “Sachsenland” settlement company bought parts of the manor in Gebesee. Between the village and Dachwig , 18 settler sites, each with 40 to 60 acres of land, formed the Gebesee settlement . Those willing to settle also came from areas in the east that had been awarded to Poland by the Treaty of Versailles in 1919. One of the most active and successful settlers was Rudolf Kuntz , pastor's son from Bischleben , scientist and local researcher. Following his example, hedges, trees and orchards were created in the tree-poor area - landscaping was carried out.

During the Second World War , more than 75 prisoners of war as well as women and men from the Soviet Union , France and Poland had to do forced labor in agriculture in Gebesee. There were also prisoners of war on duty: Command 22 with 52 French prisoners of war, which existed until 1943.

In the Action grid Hermann Schlegel was (b. 1879) in the Buchenwald concentration camp admitted and discharged on 16 September.

Population development

Development of the population:

  • 1994: 2,250
  • 1995: 2.257
  • 1996: 2,348
  • 1997: 2.285
  • 1998: 2,375
  • 1999: 2,414
  • 2000: 2,391
  • 2001: 2,354
  • 2002: 2,341
  • 2003: 2,314
  • 2004: 2,332
  • 2005: 2,319
  • 2006: 2,259
  • 2007: 2,265
  • 2008: 2,222
  • 2009: 2,189
  • 2010: 2,161
  • 2011: 2,154
  • 2012: 2,105
  • 2013: 2,128
  • 2014: 2,111
  • 2015: 2,109
  • 2016: 2,135
  • 2017: 2.129
  • 2018: 2.141

Data source: Thuringian State Office for Statistics

politics

City council

The local elections since 1994 have produced the following results:

Parties and constituencies %
2014
Seats
2014
%
2009
Seats
2009
%
2004
Seats
2004
%
1999
Seats
1999
%
1994
Seats
1994
Local election 2014
 %
50
40
30th
20th
10
0
49.1%
27.3%
23.6%
Gains and losses
compared to 2009
 % p
   8th
   6th
   4th
   2
   0
  -2
  -4
  -6
  -8th
-10
-12
-14
-16
-14.4  % p
+ 7.9  % p
+ 6.5  % p
FDP
(until 1999: FDP)
Free Democratic Party 49.1 7th 63.5 9 58.6 8th 50.5 8th 49.1 6th
DIE LINKE
(until 2004: PDS)
Die Linke
(until 2004: Party of Democratic Socialism )
27.3 4th 19.4 3 20.6 3 3.5 1 - -
CDU Christian Democratic Union of Germany
0
23.6 3 17.1 2 20.7 3 35.9 5 50.9 8th
total 100 14th 100 14th 100 14th 100 14th 100 14th
voter turnout 47.7% 51.6% 54.2% 55.2% 69.3%
town hall

coat of arms

Blazon : "In blue a saint in a golden robe, holding a rust in his right hand and a book in his left."

Historical coat of arms

The coat of arms was awarded on December 21, 1939 by the President of the Province of Saxony.

Blazon : “Split; in front in gold a half, red armored black eagle at the gap, behind in red three silver rafters. "

The coat of arms was designed by the Magdeburg State Archives Councilor Otto Korn .

partnership

Gebesee maintains a partnership with the large community of Haßloch in Rhineland-Palatinate .

Culture and sights

Buildings

The Church of St. Catherine was built in the 14th century, the Church of St. Laurentius in the 15th century.

Tretenburg

The Tretenburg is a heavily sanded rampart near Gebesee. The hill about 2 km west of the confluence of the Gera and Unstrut rivers is one of the most memorable places in Thuringian history.

Gebesee Castle around 1860
Gatehouse of the castle

Monastery courtyard and royal travel station

In the middle of the 10th century, a medieval settlement with a main castle and outer bailey as well as a surrounding moat was built on the Klausberg near Gebesee. Today the area belongs to the forest.

Gebesee Castle

The Gebesee Castle is one of the local attractions that have been preserved.

Economy and Infrastructure

Due to its location in the Thuringian Basin, Gebesee offers a favorable basis for agriculture. The agricultural cooperative thus takes a significant economic share. Gebesee also has the All4Lables label factory and the M-Back bakery. There are also a number of small and medium-sized companies as well as many trading companies. In many consumption areas, Gebesee is the starting point for places in the area. This will u. a. also favored by a shopping center.

traffic

The Ringleben-Gebesee station is on the Wolkramshausen – Erfurt railway line . The regional express from Nordhausen to Erfurt stops here every hour . The state capital can be reached in 17 minutes.

Gebesee is connected to the trunk road network by federal highway 4 . There are also some branching country roads, e.g. B. to Ringleben and Schwerstedt. The next motorway exit is in Erfurt- Gispersleben on the A 71 .

Train connection to Ringleben-Gebesee station:

  • Hourly stop: RE 5 Nordhausen - Erfurt
  • individual trains: RB 45 Nordhausen - Erfurt

Bus connections:

  • Line 200 to Sömmerda via Vehra, Werningshausen, Henschleben, Straussfurt, Wundersleben, Tunzenhausen
  • Line 200 to Witterda via Andisleben, Walschleben, Elxleben
  • Line 220 to Erfurt via Ringleben, Haßleben, Riethnordhausen, Nöda
  • EVAG line 111 to Erfurt via Andisleben, Walschleben, Elxleben
  • EVAG line 111 to Ringleben

The Gera cycle path and - although not on this river - the Unstrut cycle path lead through Gebesee . Both ways are identical between Gebesee and Ringleleben . From Ringleben the “Unstrut” cycle path continues to Haßleben, Werningshausen and Wundersleben , where it actually meets the Unstrut again.

Schools and educational institutions

  • Gebesee state primary school
  • State high school Oskar Gründler
  • Education and training facility of "Schloss Gebesee GmbH" in Schloss Gebesee
  • Vocational school Schloss Gebesee (privately sponsored by BS SG gGmbH)
  • The Gebesee Castle boarding school was a Hermann Lietz School from 1923 until it was closed in 1951 . Today it is run again as a reform school.
  • Gebesee City Library

Personalities

  • Nicolaus Weißbeck (17th century), composer
  • Ferdinand Schmidt (* 1849 in Gebesee; † 1931): architect, worked as chairman for the “Erfurter Spar- und Bauverein” and designed many well-known representative commercial buildings in Erfurt. City councilor and city council.
  • Johanna Lüttge , (born March 20, 1936), track and field athlete and Olympic medalist
  • Anna-Maria Meussling b. Steiger (* 1942 in Gebesee), restorer
  • Maria Ehrich (born February 26, 1993), actress

literature

  • Reinhold Andert : The ring around Herbsleben. In: Reinhold Andert: The Franconian Rider. Dingsda-Verlag, Querfurt 2006, ISBN 3-928498-92-4 , p. 51 ff.
  • Peter Donat : Gebesee - cloister courtyard and royal travel stop of the 10th – 12th centuries Century (= Weimar monographs on prehistory and early history. 34). Theiss, Stuttgart 1999, ISBN 3-8062-1349-6 .
  • WK: History of the cities of Greußen, Clingen, Großenehrich, Gebesee, Heringen and Kelbra in the Schwarzburg region. Thüringer Chronik-Verlag Müllerott, Arnstadt 1997, ISBN 3-910132-63-4 .
  • Reinhold Andert: The Tretenburg, Herbsleben and the Königsleutedörfer. In: Reinhold Andert: The Thuringian King's Short. Dingsda-Verlag, Querfurt 1995, ISBN 3-928498-45-2 (According to Reinhold Andert, Gebesee in the Thuringian kingdom was a royal people village until 531).
  • Friedrich B. Frhr. von Hagke : Documented news about the towns, villages and estates of the Weissensee district. Contribution to a Codex Thuringiae diplomaticus. Großmann, Weißensee 1867, ( digitized version ).
  • Friedrich B. Frhr. von Hagke (Hrsg.): Historical-statistical-topographical description of the Weissensee'r district. Großmann, Weissensee 1863, ( digitized version ).
  • Joachim Kuhles: Gebesee - history of a small town in the mirror of Thuringian history, part 1 Gutenberg Druckerei GmbH, Weimar 2016

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Population of the municipalities from the Thuringian State Office for Statistics  ( help on this ).
  2. Michael Köhler: Thuringian castles and fortified prehistoric and early historical living spaces. Jenzig-Verlag Köhler, Jena 2001, ISBN 3-910141-43-9 , p. 159.
  3. ^ The district of Weißensee in the municipality register 1900 .
  4. ^ Theodor Kuntz: The settlement at Gebesee in the Erfurt district. In: Erfurt home letter. No. 29, 1974, ZDB -ID 522143-2 , pp. 56-59.
  5. Thuringian Association of the Persecuted of the Nazi Regime - Association of Antifascists and Study Group of German Resistance 1933–1945 (Ed.): Local history guide to sites of resistance and persecution 1933–1945. Volume 8: Thuringia. VAS - Verlag für Akademische Schriften, Frankfurt am Main 2003, ISBN 3-88864-343-0 , p. 268.
  6. a b 2014 municipal council election in Thuringia - Gebesee, city
  7. a b [1] .
  8. a b http://www.wahlen.thueringen.de/datenbank/wahl1/wahl.asp?wahlart=GW&wjahr=2004&habenErg=GEM&wknr=068&gemnr=68014
  9. a b http://www.wahlen.thueringen.de/datenbank/wahl1/wahl.asp?wahlart=GW&wjahr=1999&habenErg=GEM&wknr=068&gemnr=68014
  10. a b http://www.wahlen.thueringen.de/datenbank/wahl1/wahl.asp?wahlart=GW&wjahr=1994&habenErg=GEM&wknr=068&gemnr=68014

Web links

Wiktionary: Gebesee  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations
Commons : Gebesee  - collection of images, videos and audio files