Weißkollm
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Weißkollm
Běły Chołmc Lohsa municipality
Coordinates: 51 ° 25 ′ 0 ″ N , 14 ° 23 ′ 0 ″ E
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| Height : | 121 m above sea level NN |
| Residents : | 716 (December 31, 2016) |
| Incorporation : | January 1, 1994 |
| Postal code : | 02999 |
| Area code : | 035724 |
Weißkollm , Upper Sorbian , with around 800 inhabitants, is the third largest municipality in Lohsa in the Bautzen district in Upper Lusatia ( Saxony ). Before the merger with Lohsa on January 1, 1994, the municipality of Weißkollm, located in the Sorbian settlement area , had an area of 30.33 km² and around 900 inhabitants.
geography
Weißkollm is located in the northern part of the municipality of Lohsa on the Kleine Spree , about 10 kilometers east of Hoyerswerda . Weißkollm's surroundings are characterized by lignite mining, which has left several residual lakes in the vicinity ( Lohsa II reservoir in the east, Silbersee in the south, Scheibe Lake in the northwest).
Surrounding places are Riegel and Tiegling in the northwest and Dreiweibern in the east. Lohsa is about three kilometers south.
history
Local history
Weißkollm was first mentioned in 1492. The place was probably built by Milzenern as part of a settlement bridge along the Kleine Spree in the direction of Spremberg in the 11th or 12th century . The settlement, laid out as a Rundweiler , is a Slavic settlement feature, while the later expansion of the Rundweiler and the division of the village corridor in a strip form allow conclusions to be drawn about Germanic influences during the second phase of the German eastern settlement . Weißkollm has probably belonged to the parish of Lohsa since Christianization , and has been a member since 1495.
The existence of a feudal feudal estate has been documented since 1536. Due to the feudal estate, Weißkollm had a huge corridor with around 2250 hectares compared to the surrounding towns.
After the eastern part of Upper Lusatia was ceded by Saxony to Prussia in 1815 , Weißkollm was assigned to the Hoyerswerda district, founded in 1825 . Around the middle of the century Tiegling was incorporated. From 1872 to 1945 Weißkollm belonged to the Lohsa district .
After the administrative reform of 1952 , which among other things resulted in the division of the Hoyerswerda district, Weißkollm was assigned to the new Hoyerswerda district .
The municipality of Riegel, to which Scheibe has belonged since 1938 , was incorporated into Weißkollm in 1979 following a decision by the district council. In the following year, the GDR Ministry of Energy decided to open up the Scheibe open pit mine at short notice . This resulted in the demolition of Scheibe in 1986/1987. Already in 1985 a part of the town was demolished in Dreiweibern by the additional field Dreiweibern of the Lohsa opencast mine .
On January 1, 1994, the communities Bärwalde , Hermsdorf / Spree , Litschen , Lohsa, Steinitz and Weißkollm merged. The municipality of Weißkollm brought the places Dreiweibern, Riegel, Tiegling and Weißkollm into the unified municipality of Lohsa.
Population development
| year | Residents |
|---|---|
| 1825¹ | 448 |
| 1871 | 538 |
| 1885 | 554 |
| 1905 | 716 |
| 1925 | 771 |
| 1933 | 746 |
| 1939 | 804 |
| 1946 | 1020 |
| 1950 | 1101 |
| 1964 | 1061 |
| 1990² | 935 |
| 1993² | 892 |
| 2007³ | 828 |
| 2009³ | 799 |
| ¹: without Tiegling 391 inhabitants ²: all four parts of the municipality ³: Lohsa registration office |
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As part of the Saxon state recession carried out in 1777, four possessed men , five gardeners and 15 cottagers were counted in Weißkollm . A gardener and five cottagers worked in Tiegling.
In the first equivalent census, Weißkollm had 391 inhabitants, Tiegling had 57 inhabitants. In later years the number for Tiegling was no longer collected separately.
When the Sorbian scientist Arnošt Muka determined the Sorbian population proportions in the Lusatia in the early 1880s, he determined 530 Sorbs and 50 Germans in Weißkollm and Tiegling . This corresponds to a 91 percent share of the Sorbs in the community population. With 580 inhabitants, its number from 1884 is about five percent above the census result of December 1885, which names 554 inhabitants for Weißkollm and Tiegling.
By 1939 the population almost doubled compared to 1825 and was 800. After the end of the Second World War , the population of the community of Weißkollm rose to over 1,000 due to refugees and displaced persons, and in 1950 it reached over 1,100. a. As a result of the influx, the Sorbian-speaking population was only 46.4% in 1956, according to Ernst Tschernik . In contrast to many other municipalities in the region, the population decline in the following four decades was relatively moderate, so that in 1994 Weißkollm brought almost 900 inhabitants into the unified municipality of Lohsa.
The district of Weißkollm currently has around 800 inhabitants with a slightly downward trend.
Place name
Weißkollm ( Běły Chołmc ) and Schwarzkollm ( Čorny Chołmc ), which is about 20 kilometers away, have only given the name prefixes to the actual place name Kollm since the 18th century. As with Kollm bei Niesky, the German place name Kollm goes back directly to the Sorbian place name chołm , which names a settlement on or on a hill. The suffix -c, which is present in the two Hoyerswerda towns but not in the Nieskyer Kollm, is an older diminutive .
traffic
Weißkollm station is on the Königswartha – Weißkollm railway line and the Weißkollm junction is on the Knappenrode – Sornoer Buden railway line . The routes have since been abandoned.
literature
- Summer: Weißkollm. in: Scholz: Heimatbuch des Kreis Hoyerswerda. Verlag Ziehlke, Bad Liebenwerda 1925, pp. 271–273 ( digitized version )
- Werner Thomas: Festschrift for the 500th anniversary of the first documentary mention 1492–1992. From Weisskollm's chronicle. Weißkollm 1992.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Federal Statistical Office (Ed.): Municipalities 1994 and their changes since 01.01.1948 in the new federal states . Metzler-Poeschel, Stuttgart 1995, ISBN 3-8246-0321-7 .
- ↑ Weißkollm in the Digital Historical Directory of Saxony
- ^ Tiegling in the Digital Historical Directory of Saxony
- ↑ Ernst Tschernik: The development of the Sorbian population . Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1954, p. 94 .
- ^ Ludwig Elle: Language policy in the Lausitz . Domowina-Verlag, Bautzen 1995, p. 250 .
- ↑ Ernst Eichler , Hans Walther : Oberlausitz toponymy - studies on the toponymy of the districts of Bautzen, Bischofswerda, Görlitz, Hoyerswerda, Kamenz, Löbau, Niesky, Senftenberg, Weißwasser and Zittau. I name book . In: German-Slavic research on naming and settlement history . tape 28 . Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1975, p. 133-134 .
Web links
- Portrait of Weißkollm on the website of the municipality of Lohsa
- Private website about Weißkollm. Archived from the original on December 18, 2010 ; accessed on February 23, 2016 .
Three women (Tři Žony) | Driewitz (Drěwcy) | Friedersdorf (Bjedrichecy) | Big Särchen (Wulke Ždźary) | Hermsdorf / Spree (Hermanecy) | Koblenz (Koblicy) | Lips (lipiny) | Litschen (Złyčin) | Lohsa (Łaz) | Mortka (Mortkow) | Riegel (Roholń) | Steinitz (Šćeńca) | Tiegling (Tyhelc) | Whitish (Wysoka) | Weißkollm (Běły Chołmc)