Zeißholz
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Zeißholz
City of Bernsdorf
Coordinates: 51 ° 22 ′ 45 ″ N , 14 ° 8 ′ 30 ″ E
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| Height : | 139 m above sea level NN |
| Area : | 9.62 km² |
| Residents : | 199 (December 31, 2011) |
| Population density : | 21 inhabitants / km² |
| Incorporation : | January 1, 1994 |
| Postal code : | 02994 |
| Area code : | 035723 |
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Location of Zeißholz in Saxony
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Zeißholz ( Sorbian ) has been a district of Bernsdorf in the Saxon district of Bautzen , about eight kilometers southwest of Hoyerswerda , since 1994 . Since 2005 the district has the status of a locality .
Zeißholz is divided into Saxonia, settlement, village and colony. At the end of 2007 there were 215 people living here.
geography
Zeißholz is located south of the federal highway 97 (section Hoyerswerda – Bernsdorf) in the midst of a pine-rich heathland, about five kilometers east of Bernsdorf. The Vincenzgraben rises north of the village .
The remaining lake of the Clara III pit is located directly south of the village .
history
Zeißholz was first mentioned in writing in 1401. Sorbian small farmers founded the village Ćisow at that time. The coat of arms of Zeißholz shows a yew branch and ćis - Sorbian for "yew" - was probably eponymous for it. The place probably existed as a Sorbian border village as early as the 11th century.
Zeißholz had belonged to the Hoyerswerda estate since the middle of the 16th century at the latest and was already parish in Oßling at that time . With the Peace of Prague in 1635, the class rule with the entire Lusatia came under Saxon rule.
After Saxony fought on the French side in the Wars of Liberation , it had to cede the northeastern part of Upper Lusatia to Prussia in the course of the Congress of Vienna in 1815. After an administrative reform, the Zeißholz rural community was incorporated into the Hoyerswerda district in 1825 .
For centuries, the main occupations were agriculture and the use of the abundance of wood in the area. Lignite mining began in the 19th century.
Around 1840, lignite was discovered in Zeißholz , which was close to the ground. The Sorbian farmers used the coal themselves as fuel or sold it to the surrounding glass factories. From 1850 onwards people spoke of "peasant mining". In 1860 the first larger mine was opened.
A branch of industry later developed with the briquette factories Saxonia (1887 to 1911) and Zeißholz (1911 to 1992). After two explosions in the Saxonia briquette factory in 1903 and 1907, the chimneys and the factory were blown up in May 1912.
In 1909 the lignite company "Eintracht" opened the Clara III mine south of the village . With her, the Zeißholz colony was created with the workers' apartments typical of the time. In 1928 a jug of Gothic origin, filled with gold and silver coins, was found in this pit. It was found that the jug was made in the East Germanic area around Kiev in the 4th century and reached Zeißholz on the trade route to the Burgundians . Today the jug is in the Görlitz Cultural History Museum.
There were a total of eight coal mines in the Zeißholz area.
After the Second World War , briquette production could be continued relatively quickly. The operations manager, Urban Merten, was able to save the production facilities from dismantling and removal by the Soviets.
Shortly before the fall of the Wall , 340 people were pressing thousands of tons of coal in the Zeißholz briquette factory. A little later the industrial site was lost and with it the jobs of an entire village. On December 18, 1992, the briquette factory was shut down and shortly thereafter demolished. The result was an extreme decline in population - if over 700 people lived in Zeißholz before the factory was closed, there are now fewer than 250.
In 1994 the place was incorporated into Bernsdorf.
Population development
| year | Residents |
|---|---|
| 1825 | 136 |
| 1871 | 208 |
| 1885 | 249 |
| 1905 | 473 |
| 1925 | 854 |
| 1939 | 648 |
| 1946 | 787 |
| 1950 | 768 |
| 1964 | 697 |
| 1990 | 415 |
| 1993 | 411 |
| 2007 | 215 |
| 2011 | 199 |
In a land registry belonging to the Hoyerswerda estate from 1568, 22 possessed men and 9 gardeners and cottagers are named. By 1777 the population had reduced to 11 possessed men, 7 gardeners and 9 cottagers.
When Arnošt Muka compiled statistics on the Sorbian population in Lusatia in the first half of the 1880s, he noted 200 Sorbs and 44 Germans for Zeissholz. This corresponds to a Sorbian population of 82%.
In 1925, 704 of the 854 inhabitants were Protestant, 125 were Catholics and 25 belonged to another denomination or none at all.
Place names
- 1401 Czissaw,
- 1455 Czisolt,
- 1500 from the Czeysse,
- 1558 Zeissholtz,
- 1568 Zeise,
- 1574 Zeißholz,
- 1658 Zeyß-, Zeißholtz,
- 1732 Zeisholtz,
- 1791 Wendisch Zeißholz
Attractions
Zeißholz is known in the area for its village museum. It is located in one of the oldest preserved three-sided Sorbian farms in Upper Lusatia . This yard was already occupied in 1401. The core of the original block structure can still be seen today. In 1974 the Dreiseithof was placed under monument protection. The village museum was opened on November 27, 1975. Here you can see the 150 years of farming and mining history of Zeißholz. Machine parts from the briquette factory were also secured and exhibited in the museum.
Local council
In the first local council election on September 18, 2005, only the election proposal of the electoral association, which was able to win all five mandates in the local council, ran for election.
Personalities
The engineer and university professor Reinhold Krampitz (1932–2017) was born in Zeißholz.
Footnotes
- ↑ Digital historical place directory of Saxony. Retrieved June 6, 2008 .
- ↑ Saxony regional register. (No longer available online.) Formerly in the original ; Retrieved June 6, 2008 . ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )
- ↑ Ernst Tschernik: The development of the Sorbian rural population . In: German Academy of Sciences in Berlin - Publications of the Institute for Slavic Studies . tape 4 . Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1954, p. 94 .
Web links
- Zeißholz in the Digital Historical Directory of Saxony
- Information about the Zeißholz village museum
Bernsdorf with Otterschütz , Neu Wiednitz and Waldhof | Great Grave | Strassgräbchen with Grünberg | Wiednitz with heather | Zeißholz with the Zeißholz colony , Saxonia and Zeißholz settlement