Zeisholz
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Zeisholz
Schwepnitz municipality
Coordinates: 51 ° 22 ′ 9 ″ N , 13 ° 53 ′ 58 ″ E
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| Height : | 123 m above sea level NN |
| Area : | 3.38 km² |
| Residents : | 136 (2017) |
| Population density : | 40 inhabitants / km² |
| Incorporation : | 1st January 1969 |
| Incorporated into: | Cosel-Zeisholz |
| Postal code : | 01936 |
| Area code : | 035797 |
Zeisholz is a district of the municipality of Schwepnitz in the Free State of Saxony . The village is the most north-westerly place in the Bautzen district and lies on the state border with Brandenburg .
geography
location
Zeisholz is ten kilometers south of Ruhland in the middle of the Königsbrück-Ruhlander Heiden . The street village with Gelänge- and Gutsblockflur extends along a small tributary to the Ruhlander Schwarzwasser . Zeisholz has two single farms, the Neitschmühle (northwest) and the Kohlstatt (southwest). On the western edge of the village is the Lieskwiese, a wet meadow area. The village is surrounded in the west by a large number of old fish ponds, which are fed by the water of the Black Born. To the southwest is the pond cascade of the Kohlstatt fish farm (including Erlteich, Mittelteich, Großer and Kleiner Quellyteich, Eckteich, Moorteich and Mückenteich), to the west is the Alte Teich, Wiesenteich, Bruchtenich and Iltisteich and to the northwest the Neitschmühlteich, Großteich and Kleeteich.
The village is in a flat landscape. The Otterschützer Heide extends to the south on the site of the former Königsbrück military training area ; it is now part of the Königsbrücker Heide nature reserve . On the southern in Heidewald Schafbrücke the Heidefurtweg crossed before the establishment of the training area after Zochau the Schwarzenborn. The Ruhlander Schwarzwasser flowing north of Zeisholz forms the state border with Brandenburg, while the Jannowitzer Heide stretches across Brandenburg.
Neighboring places
| Jannowitz , Kroppen | Hermsdorf , Lipsa | Cosel |
| Heinersdorf , Böhla , Naundorf |
.svg)
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Grüngraben |
| ( Rohna ) †, ( Zochau ) †, ( Krakau ) † | ( Otterschütz ) † | Schwepnitz |
history
The first mention of the Lausitz village of Cisow comes from the year 1453. A first mention of 1248 given in older writings is no longer tenable according to more recent source studies. The place name is of Wendish origin and means "place in a yew forest". Other forms of the name were Czisolt (1455), Zeißholltz (1525), Zeißholtz (1584), Zeysa (1590), Deutsch Zeißholz (1791), Tzischow (1800) and Zeißholz (1875).
In the 16th century, the Lords of Kosel acquired the Zeisholz estate. In 1580 Heinrich von der Kosel on Zeisholz sold his goods Zeisholz and Cosel for 10,000 Meißnian guilders to Christoph von Schellendorff on Königsbrück and moved his headquarters to Dürrhennersdorf . Subsequently, the village was always the Standesherrschaft Koenigsbrueck servants who in Zeisholz instead of the manor a Vorwerk farmed. Zeisholz was always parish in Hermsdorf . With the Peace of Prague in 1635, the class rule with the entire Lusatia came under Electoral Saxon rule . In 1749 the Neitschmühle was built. As a result of the Congress of Vienna in 1815, the Saxon-Prussian border line was drawn north of Zeisholz along the Schwarzwasser. The main source of income for the residents was agriculture, forestry and pond farming.
In administrative terms, Zeisholz belonged to the Bautzen district from 1777 and to the Bautzen district court from 1843. With the reorganization of the Saxon administrative structures, Zeisholz was assigned to the Königsbrück court office in 1856 and to the Kamenz district administration in 1875 . In 1893 the new owner of the royal lordship in Königsbrück, Karl Robert Bruno Naumann zu Königsbrück , had the core area of the manorial heather forests completely cut down on an area of 853 hectares. The clear-cutting area extended south of Zeisholz and included the Otterschützer Heide, the Dürre Heide and the Krakauer Heide around Otterschütz .
At the beginning of the 20th century, the sparsely populated heathland between Zeisholz and Schmorkau was the ideal location for a new training area for the Saxon army because of its proximity to the garrison town of Königsbrück . The military training area Königsbrück was 1906 for the XII. (I. Royal Saxon) Army Corps formally established. At the end of 1907, the municipalities of Otterschütz, Quosdorf and Zietsch in the heather were dissolved. When the military training area was expanded in 1937, the heather forests west of the Zeisholzer ponds were also incorporated, and the villages of Rohna and Naundorf were relocated. After the end of the Second World War, the military training area was seized by the Soviet occupying forces and arbitrarily expanded in 1947. Since most of the heather belonging to the Zeisholz field was assigned to the military training area, the Zeisholz field was reduced from 687 ha (1900) to 338 ha (1947).
Linked to this was the closure of the direct road connection to Schwepnitz that ran through the Duberau. The village, which before the establishment and expansion of the military training area was at the intersection of several country roads leading from Rohna, Schmorkau, Schwepnitz and Cosel to Ruhland and Kroppen in Prussia, was thus cut off from any road connection to the south and west. Since then, Zeisholz can only be reached from the Saxon area via a side road from Grüngräbchen and Cosel, which leads via Lipsa to Ruhland.
The Soviet Army built a military training center in the Duberau, southeast of Zeisholz on the road to Schwepnitz, which was now used as a tank road. It consisted of the Zeisholz camp, the officers' settlement "Russian Town" and a military bunker as a forward command post for the western theater of war. In 1952 the village was shelled during a Soviet exercise. The old road to Kroppen was also extended to Panzerstraße. In the part of the heather west of Zeisholz outside the Soviet military training area, further military objects were built: the training area of the People's Police readiness with a house-to-house combat object and the anti-aircraft missile department 313 of the anti-aircraft missile regiment 31 Straßgräbchen of the NVA .
In 1949 a small chapel was built in the cemetery at the south-eastern exit of the village. In 1952 the community was assigned to the district of Kamenz . In 1969 the municipalities of Zeisholz and Cosel were merged to form the municipality of Cosel-Zeisholz. At the end of the 20th century the rural character of Zeisholz was lost. Only one of the former 30 farms still exists, most of the farms have been converted into residential buildings and new homes have been built between the farms. In the forge of the former village mill, a community club was built, in which the volunteer fire brigade is also based. In 1992 the GSSD troops left the training area. In 1974 a cottage settlement was built northeast of the Neitschmühle. Zeisholz has been part of Schwepnitz since 1996. The village has been part of the Bautzen district since 2008.
After the designation of the "Königsbrücker Heide" nature reserve, the Zeisholz camp with the Russian town and the command post bunker were included in the visitor concept, whereby the dilapidated camp and the bunker were ascribed a high risk potential. An information point on the nature reserve was set up in the former transformer building. The Zeisholz ponds, including the surrounding wet and humid meadows, together with the Cosel ponds, form the 185 hectare FFH area "Teichgruppe Cosel - Zeisholz". In October 2005 the Zeisholz camp was demolished. On July 16, 2006, the “Alte Straße” visitor path between Kroppen and Zeisholz was inaugurated as part of the circular route around the Königsbrücker Heide.
Population development
| year | Residents |
|---|---|
| 1777 | 7 possessed men, 9 gardeners, 11 cottagers |
| 1834 | 190 |
| 1871 | 216 |
| 1890 | 193 |
| 1910 | 174 |
| 1925 | 175 |
| 1938 | 153 |
| 1946 | 158 |
| 1950 | 183 |
| 1964 | 182 |
| 2011 | 131 |
Monuments
- two Saxon-Prussian boundary stones
- Old school
- Neitschmühle, the former grist and sawmill, which has existed since 1749, is considered to be the oldest building in Zeisholz
Individual evidence
- ↑ http://www.schwepnitz.de/geschichtliches-zeisholz.html
- ↑ http://www.schwepnitz.de/geschichtliches-zeisholz.html
- ↑ Saxon State archive, 50155 Standesherrschaft Koenigsbrueck (D), no. 68 U
- ↑ https://www.koenigsbrueck.de/truppenuebungsplatz.html
- ↑ Saxon State Archives, 11394 state government of Saxony, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, no. 2713/1
- ↑ Visitor concept for the Königsbrücker Heide
- ↑ FFH area "Teichgruppe Cosel - Zeisholz"
- ↑ Königsbrück - Timeline from 2000
- ↑ Zeisholz in the Digital Historical Directory of Saxony
- ↑ 2011 census
