Ujazd (Zgorzelec)
| Ujazd | |||
|---|---|---|---|
 Help on coat of arms |
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| Basic data | |||
| State : | Poland | ||
| Voivodeship : | Lower Silesia | ||
| Powiat : | Zgorzelec | ||
| District of: | Zgorzelec | ||
| Geographic location : | 51 ° 8 ' N , 15 ° 1' E | ||
| Height : | ≈200 m npm | ||
| Residents : | |||
| Postal code : | 59-900 | ||
| Telephone code : | (+48) 75 | ||
| License plate : | DZG | ||
| Economy and Transport | |||
| Street : | Droga wojewódzka 352 Zgorzelec – Bogatynia | ||
| Rail route : | Görlitz – Węgliniec | ||
| Zgorzelec – Wałbrzych | |||
| Next international airport : | Dresden Airport | ||
| Wroclaw Nicolaus Copernicus Airport | |||
| administration | |||
| Website : | www.zgorzelec.eu | ||
Ujazd (German: Moys ) is a district of the city of Zgorzelec in the powiat Zgorzelecki in the Lower Silesian Voivodeship . Moys was an independent village until it was incorporated into the city of Görlitz in 1929, but had already had a suburban character a few decades before incorporation due to strong economic development and a tram connection. As a result of the Second World War , the Upper Lusatian areas east of the Lusatian Neisse and thus Moys fell to Poland. Even under the Polish administration, the former Moys remained a district of the former Görlitz Oststadt, which administratively formed an independent Polish city after 1945.
location
The district is located south of the city center of Zgorzelec on the Rothwasser ( Czerwona Woda ), which flows into the Lusatian Neisse in Moys . The Neisse forms the state border between Germany and Poland and also the western border of the district. In the north, the district is bounded by the railway line to Lubań ( Lauban ). In the east to the south, the following localities join in clockwise direction: Jerzmanki ( Hermsdorf ), Tylice ( Thielitz ), Koźmin ( Kosma ) and Koźlice ( Köslitz ). The former Posottendorf, part of the later Posottendorf-Leschwitz (from 1936: Weinhübel ), in the southwest of Moys no longer exists in its form today. The area is now called Lasowice and belongs to the Koźlice Schulzenamt.
history
Independent locality Moys
The village of Moys on the right bank of the Neisse was first mentioned in 1309. In order to increase the tax revenue and to finance the newly founded Duchy of Görlitz , the City Council of Görlitz acquired the village of Moys from Albrecht von Griffstede, the tutor of the still underage Duke Johann, around 1380 . Moys was one of 14 so-called council villages in the city. As a result of the Upper Lusatian Pönfall , the city lost all Ratsdörfer and thus Moys in 1547. However, since there were no buyers for the former Ratsdörfer in the Upper Lusatian nobility, Moys was returned to the city in 1549.
During the Thirty Years War the city got into financial difficulties because it could no longer pay the interest on loans. The council then sold 1655 Moys for 11,270 thalers.
About a century later, on September 7, 1757, on the Holzberg - later also called Jäckelsberg - the battle of Moys in the Seven Years' War between the Prussian and Habsburg armies took place. The Prussian general Hans Karl von Winterfeldt was so badly wounded in the battle that he died the next day on the Görlitzer Obermarkt . In his honor, the Upper Lusatian estates erected a simple granite cube in 1837 at the supposed place of his fatal wound - the fork in Winterfeldt Straße (today: Ulica Władysława Reymonta ) and Am Jäckelsberg (today: Ulica Widok ). The inscription read: "Here Winterfeldt fell on September 7, 1757". Another 70 years later, on the 150th anniversary of Winterfeldt's death, not far from the other, another memorial stone with the inscription “Winterfeldt fell at this point. 1907 GM ”established.
Around 1810 the Moys estate was finally divided into the Ober- and Nieder-Moys estates. After 1815 Moys belonged to the part of Upper Lusatia that the Kingdom of Saxony had to cede to the Kingdom of Prussia as a result of the Congress of Vienna . In the mid-19th century, Moys took on an urban character. The decisive factor was, among other things, the railway connection of the Lower Silesian-Märkische Eisenbahn (NME) from Kohlfurt to Görlitz, which began on September 1, 1847 . However, the place only got a stop in 1865 with the opening of the Silesian Mountain Railway to Lauban and Hirschberg in the Giant Mountains , which branched off from the Kohlfurt Railway in Moys. In 1876 the station building was built in half-timbered construction in a wedge position .
The Nieder-Moys estate, which exists in its current baroque form, was built in 1730 under the owner Daniel Friedrich Wilhelm Raschke, a member of the Saxon War Council. After Raschke bequeathed the estate to his godfather Salomon Friedrich Lingke in 1759, it remained in the Lingke's family until 1896. Especially during the time in the Lingk family estate, a park was created west of the manor house, later also known as Moyser Park. In 1896 the estate was to be sold to the Prussian major Edmund von Witzleben, but the city of Görlitz made use of its right of first refusal and bought the estate for 544,000 marks in order to then lease it to von Witzleben.
In addition to the establishment of industries was carried out in Moys and the dismantling of brown coal , sand and gravel. The most famous mine was the Friedrich Anna mine . Over 1.8 million tons of brown coal were mined here between 1895 and 1928. The mine closed in 1928. One of the reasons for the closure was the poor quality of the coal mined. There were also two cloth factories on Winterfeldtstrasse, the Krause cloth factory and the Max Raupach cloth factory (later Fritz Hermann cloth factory ). The cloth factory was housed in the elongated building, which is set back a little east of the confluence of today's Ulica Słoneczna. The office building was at Elisabethstrasse 43 in downtown Görlitz. Hermann was the sole manufacturer of the fine cloth brand Aar Edel and the sole supplier of the Adler-Ring brand . Probably the best-known company was the Arnade suitcase and leather goods factory , which was located on Julius-Arnade-Straße, which was later named after the company's founder. The company was founded in 1872 on the property at Peterstrasse 4 and initially produced leather goods and suitcases with ten employees. After a fire in 1876, Arnade and his factory moved to Moys. With 300 employees later, it offered an extensive range, which included diamond hard plates , Hapag vulcanized fiber , tube plates , wooden cases as well as sample cases and cabinet cases. The range also included school and travel bags as well as rucksacks and car accessories.
For a long time, the citizens of Moys did not have their own house of worship. Moys was parish into the Protestant parish of Görlitz and most Moysers visited the Görlitz Trinity Church or the parish church of St. Peter and Paul . There was a so-called Moys gallery in both churches. Since 1894, clergymen from St. Peter's Church have held an evening service in the old school in Moys during the winter months. Later these took place in the hall of the Brno City Inn , which was located on Seidenberger Strasse (today: Ulica Łużycka ) near the junction with Johanneskirchstrasse (today: Ulica świętego Jana ). On May 11, 1899, a church building association was formed in Moys with the aim of building its own church in the village. The suitcase manufacturer Julius Arnade gave the association a piece of land on Seidenberger Straße and the widowed Ms. Davida von Berge donated 10,000 marks for the construction, on the condition that the construction be carried out within five years. The foundation stone was finally laid on November 24, 1905 . The plans for the neo-Romanesque church building came from the architect Arno Eugen Fritsche , who also planned the Görlitz Luther Church . On May 15, 1907, the consecration of the Johanneskirche took place, which resembled a folk festival. The consecration of bells took place on September 26 of the same year . The three bells with the disposition es-gb were cast by the Schilling foundry in 1906 .
Moys had its own gas works on Langeweg, which had been used as a residential building since the 1920s. With the incorporation to Görlitz, the gas supply came from the city gas works. The water supply to the place was secured by the water tower built in 1911 between Gablonzer Straße (today: Ulica świętego Jana ) and Moyser Straße (today: Ulica Krzysztofa Kamila Baczyńskiego ). But by the mid-1920s, the water supply was inadequate, and Moys was connected to the Görlitz waterworks on the Leschwitzer meadows. Until 1945, the water tower was used to supply the suitcase factory. Moys also had its own outdoor pool - the Kunze pool . It was located between Ober-Dorfstraße (today: Ulica Górnowiejska ) and Seidenberger Straße (today: Ulica Łużycka ) in the immediate vicinity of the red water from which it was fed. The bathroom had changing rooms and a lawn. In winter it was also used as an ice rink.
Görlitz-Moys district
In the 19th century, the village of Moys changed from a farming village to an economically flourishing suburb of Görlitz. Since May 18, 1900, the city tram line III has been running from Rauschwalder Strasse via Demianiplatz across the Oststadt past the former terminus at Gasthof Stadt Prag via Schenkendorffstrasse to Moys. The final stop at Am Rothwasser in Moys was on Seidenberger Strasse north of the Rothwasserbrücken at the restaurant of the same name, Zur Endstation . On July 1, 1929, the place was finally incorporated into Görlitz and thus the southernmost district at that time. The official handover took place on July 1st at 8 a.m. With the incorporation, the city of Görlitz took on the duties of paving the sidewalks, expanding the street lighting as well as the school and the main street. Moys had at the time of incorporation 2752 inhabitants on 784 hectares of parish area.
Görlitzer Oststadt was already an important barracks location. In the 1930s, after the reintroduction of conscription , new barracks were built. Between 1935 and 1936, the Winterfeldt barracks was built on Elsa-Brandström-Strasse (today: Ulica Elizy Orzeszkowej ) . In October 1936, the observation department 18 of the 18th Infantry Division of the Wehrmacht under command Major Ulbrich moved into the barracks. The Army Supply Office was to the north of the barracks. The Army Equipment Office was located about 100 meters west of the Heeresverpflegungsamt.
With the seizure of power of the Nazis , the manor low-Moys was only as a public hostel and later in the war as a military hospital used.
In the first year of the war in 1939 , a transit camp for Polish prisoners of war was established on Leopoldshainer Strasse . In 1940 the main camp VIII A was established south of Moys on Seidenberger Straße (today: Ulica Łużycka ) on the site of the parade ground extending to Posottendorf / Weinhübel . One of the most famous inmates of the camp was the French composer Olivier Messiaen , who completed his Quatuor pour la fin du temps (German: Quartet for the end of time ) here and premiered it with other inmates.
After the Second World War
On the night of May 7, 1945 - the last day of the war - Wehrmacht units blew up all Görlitz bridges over the Neisse in order to make the advance of the advancing Red Army units more difficult. The Neisse Viaduct also fell victim to the explosions. Only the steel rails connected the two bridge fragments, still unusable. After the end of the Second World War, the majority of the Moys population was driven from their houses and apartments to the areas west of the Lusatian Neisse. Some of the refugees from the eastern areas also used the tracks of the viaduct hanging over the valley to cross the Neisse on their way west. Some Görlitz citizens from the eastern parts of the city are also said to have used the crossing option on their inspection tours to the apartment in the east.
The Potsdam Agreement finally established the new German eastern border along the Oder and Neisse rivers in August 1945 , so that the Görlitz districts east of the Neisse also fell to Poland. The German place name was Slavicized and Görlitz-Moys was now called Zgorzelec-Ujazd. Zgorzelec was the Polish name for the former east town of Görlitz.
After the expulsion of the German population, the Polish population was reluctant to move into the Polish urban area. In 1947 only about 4,300 Poles lived in what was once Görlitz's eastern town. Half of the Poles settled were themselves displaced who came from the former Polish eastern territories which the Soviet Union had occupied. The second large group of resettlers were military settlers and resettlers from central and southern Poland. Numerous Greek and Macedonian civil war refugees joined the Polish settlers between 1945 and 1950 and were quartered in the city.
The former Kunze bath was still in operation into the 1960s. The water quality was getting worse and worse, so it was decided to demolish the bathroom and fill the area with rubble. The last remains of the old Moyser watermill on Rothwasser were demolished when the bypass was built in 2007. The water mill was on the Ober-Auenweg (today: Ulica Rzeczki Górne ).
The Winterfeldt barracks were still used as barracks until 1990, but now by the Polish army . After the last Polish units moved out of the crew blocks, some buildings were converted into modern residential units. The former garages have been dismantled since 2010. The former military equipment office is now used by PKS Zgorzelec , the Polish state bus operator of the Powiat Zgorzelecki, as a bus depot and administrative headquarters.
In the summer of 2010, work began on securing the tombs in the former German cemetery on Ulica Cmentarna, which was no longer used by the Polish community after 1945. On October 12, 2011, the two city leaders, Rafał Gronicz von Zgorzelec and Joachim Paulick von Görlitz, laid a joint wreath in the German cemetery to commemorate the citizens buried on him.
South of the cemetery at Plac Najświętszej Maryi Panny, the Church of Our Lady (Polish: Kościół parafialny pw Matki Bożej Łaskawej ) was built for the Roman Catholic parish of the same name (Polish: Parafia Matki Bożej Łaskawej ). The church should tie in with the typical half-timbered style of Upper Lusatia and the architectural style of rural wooden churches and offer space for around 250 believers.
Attractions
The Zgorzelec wedge station is located between the railway lines to Węgliniec and Lubań. The historic station building is connected to Ulica Powstańców Śląskich via a cul-de-sac. This continues as Ulica Francuska south to Moys and crosses the railway line to Lubań. A residential area with numerous apartment buildings and villas extends between Ulica Francuska and the main street Ulica Łużycka. The former Moys water tower rises in the middle of the residential area between the connecting streets Ulica Krzysztofa Kamila Baczyńskiego and Ulica świętego Jana. Today it is an unused ruin.
About 250 meters further east is the St. John's Church, built in 1907, at the intersection of Ulica świętego Jana / Ulica Grunwaldzka. The once Protestant church is now used by a Catholic community. Immediately to the east of the church is Ulica Łużycka - the main street that crosses the district from north to south. If you follow the main road from the church about 500 meters south, you cross the Rothwasser, which flows into the Lusatian Neisse.
The road south of the Rothwasser Bridge - Ulica Szarych Szeregów - that runs westwards leads to the baroque Nieder-Moys manor. In the immediate vicinity are the former Winterfeldt barracks as well as the former Heeresverpflegungsamt and the former Heereszeugamt. The Army Equipment Office is now used by a Polish bus company. To the west of the Nieder-Moys manor is the extensive Ujazdowski Park (German: Moyser Park ), which stretches on both sides of the Rothwasser. The northern part of the park - the so-called Jägerwäldchen - was once used by the military, who had their shooting ranges here. Some of the shooting ranges can still be seen in the forest today.
Along the Neisse, a footpath leads north past a memorial stone for a drowned soldier of the 1st Silesian Jäger Battalion No. 5 to the railway viaduct over the Neisse.
education
- German-Polish primary school and kindergarten of the DPFA academy group
- municipal kindergarten No. 8
- Primary school No. 2 Jarosław Iwaszkiewicz
- Gymnasium No. 2 Pope John Paul II
- Secondary School School Center Emilia Plater
economy
South of the Moys district, between Ulica Sulikowska and the new bypass, there is an area of around 16 hectares that belongs to the Kamienna Góra special economic zone . Companies that set up in this zone receive state financial support in the amount of up to 65% of the capital contribution.
Aerosol International , a manufacturer of aluminum packaging for the cosmetics industry, received a permit to locate in the special economic zone. The company is expected to invest 180 million złoty in the planned location. 300 jobs are to be created.
Ujazd is also home to the waterworks that ensure the supply of drinking water to the town of Zgorzelec and partly to the towns of Tylice and Koźmin. It was built between 1968 and 1972. The local bus operator PKS Zgorzelec is based in the direct vicinity of the waterworks in the former military equipment office.
traffic
Road traffic
In Ujazd, Droga wojewódzka 352 meets the Zgorzelec bypass. The Droga wojewódzka leads from Zgorzelec to Bogatynia. South of Koźmin (until 1945: Kosma ) branches off from it the Droga wojewódzka 355 to Zawidów .
Rail transport
The Zgorzelec train station in the Moys district is one of two train stations in the Zgorzelec urban area. At the Zgorzelec wedge station , the lines from Görlitz station to Lubań (until 1945: Lauban ) separate to the east and Węgliniec (until 1945: Kohlfurt ) to the north. North of the reception building are the two platforms of the Kohlfurter Bahn, which were renovated in the mid-2000s. The platforms of the Silesian Mountain Railway in the south of the station building are not yet renovated. Local trains run from Zgorzelec station to Jelenia Góra (until 1945: Hirschberg in Silesia ) via Lubań, to Wroclaw main station via Węgliniec and Legnica and to Dresden main station via Görlitz and Bautzen .
Local public transport
Between 1900 and 1945 Moys was connected to the Görlitz tram network and, in addition to the terminus at Rothwasser, had another stop on Seidenberger Strasse in front of the Gasthof Stadt Görlitz . Since the beginning of 2012, the Polish city administration has had a cross-border route for the Görlitz tram to the meeting center at the former Stalag VIII A checked.
The Zgorzelec city bus route 50, which runs through the entire Ujazd district and the center of Zgorzelec to northern Jędrzychowice (until 1945: Hennersdorf ) , begins in the former Moys military equipment office, now the bus depot . Furthermore, several intercity bus routes run via Ujazd to Bogatynia, Kożmin, Osiek Łużycki (until 1945: Wendisch Ossig ), Studniska (until 1945: Schönbrunn ), Sulików (until 1945: Schönberg ) and Zawidów.
Personalities
- Johannes Erler († 1476), titular bishop of Gardar and auxiliary bishop in Meissen and Breslau
- Christian Fürchtegott Hollunder (1791–1829), metallurgist, general mountain management assessor
literature
- Wolf-Dieter Fiedler: A walk through the old Görlitz-Moys . 1st edition. Senfkorn-Verlag, Görlitz 2012, DNB 1024390853 .
Footnotes
- ↑ a b c d Wolf-Dieter Fiedler: A walk through the old Görlitz-Moys . 1st edition. Senfkorn-Verlag, Görlitz 2012, p. 6th f., 57 ff .
- ^ Kretzschmar, Ernst: Görlitz as a Prussian garrison town . 1st edition. Stadtbild-Verlag, 2005, p. 5 .
- ^ Wilfried Rettig: Railway in the three-country corner. East Saxony (D) / Lower Silesia / (PL) / North Bohemia (CZ). Part 1: History of the main lines, operating points, electrification and route descriptions . EK-Verlag, Freiburg (Breisgau) 2010, ISBN 978-3-88255-732-9 , p. 17th f .
- ↑ Wolf-Dieter Fiedler: A walk through the old Görlitz-Moys . 1st edition. Senfkorn-Verlag, Görlitz 2012, p. 88 ff .
- ↑ Wolf-Dieter Fiedler: A walk through the old Görlitz-Moys . 1st edition. Senfkorn-Verlag, Görlitz 2012, p. 33 ff .
- ↑ Wolf-Dieter Fiedler: A walk through the old Görlitz-Moys . Senfkorn-Verlag, Görlitz 2012, p. 46 f .
- ↑ Wolf-Dieter Fiedler: A walk through the old Görlitz-Moys . Senfkorn-Verlag, Görlitz 2012, p. 67 ff .
- ↑ Wolf-Dieter Fiedler: A walk through the old Görlitz-Moys . Senfkorn-Verlag, Görlitz 2012, p. 20, p. 72 f .
- ↑ Wolf-Dieter Fiedler: A walk through the old Görlitz-Moys . Senfkorn-Verlag, Görlitz 2012, p. 44 .
- ↑ Wolf-Dieter Fiedler: A walk through the old Görlitz-Moys . Senfkorn-Verlag, Görlitz 2012, p. 78 f .
- ↑ a b Wolf-Dieter Fiedler: A walk through the old Görlitz-Moys . Senfkorn-Verlag, Görlitz 2012, p. 37 .
- ↑ a b Andreas Riedel: The Chronicle of the Görlitzer Tram . Schweers + Wall, 1997, ISBN 3-89494-106-5 , pp. 14th ff .
- ↑ Wolf-Dieter Fiedler: A walk through the old Görlitz-Moys . Senfkorn-Verlag, Görlitz 2012, p. 10 f., p. 23 f .
- ↑ goerlitzer-strassenbahn.de: 1945 - Ex line 3 section Stadthalle - Moys . (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on July 24, 2012 ; Retrieved May 6, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Ernst-Heinz Lemper : Görlitz. A historical topography . 2nd Edition. Oettel-Verlag, Görlitz 2009, ISBN 3-932693-63-9 , p. 229 .
- ↑ Wolf-Dieter Fiedler: A walk through the old Görlitz-Moys . Senfkorn-Verlag, Görlitz 2012, p. 22 .
- ^ Ernst Heinz Lemper: Görlitz. A historical topography . 2nd Edition. Oettel-Verlag, Görlitz 2009, ISBN 3-932693-63-9 , p. 234 .
- ↑ Wolf-Dieter Fiedler: A walk through the old Görlitz-Moys . Senfkorn-Verlag, Görlitz 2012, p. 42, p. 92, p. 94 .
- ↑ Wolf-Dieter Fiedler: A walk through the old Görlitz-Moys . Senfkorn-Verlag, Görlitz 2012, p. 90 .
- ↑ Wolf-Dieter Fiedler: A walk through the old Görlitz-Moys . Senfkorn-Verlag, Görlitz 2012, p. 96 .
- ^ Wilfried Rettig: Görlitz railway junction . Bufe Fachbuch-Verlag, Egglham 1994, ISBN 3-922138-53-5 , p. 9 .
- ↑ sejm.gov.pl: MP 1947 nr 37 poz. 297 - Rozporządzenie Ministrów: Administracji Publicznej i Ziem Odzyskanych z dnia 15 marca 1947 r. o przywróceniu i ustaleniu urzędowych nazw miejscowości. (PDF; 2.3 MB) March 15, 1947, accessed on May 6, 2012 .
- ↑ Paths of life into the unknown. (Exhibition about migration in Görlitz-Zgorzelec from 1933 to today) May 21, 2011 to March 25, 2012 in the Silesian Museum in Görlitz
- ↑ Wolf-Dieter Fiedler: A walk through the old Görlitz-Moys . Senfkorn-Verlag, Görlitz 2012, p. 39 .
- ↑ Wolf-Dieter Fiedler: A walk through the old Görlitz-Moys . Senfkorn-Verlag, Görlitz 2012, p. 94 f .
- ↑ Wolf-Dieter Fiedler: A walk through the old Görlitz-Moys . Senfkorn-Verlag, Görlitz 2012, p. 50 f .
- ↑ mblzgorzelec.pl: Budowa Kościoła MBŁ (Polish). Retrieved August 22, 2012 .
- ↑ ssemp.pl: Podstrefa Zgorzelec - mapa (Polish). (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on July 12, 2012 ; Retrieved July 25, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Unternehmensberatung-imperial.eu: Special Economic Zone . Retrieved July 25, 2012 .
- ↑ zgorzelec.eu: W zgorzeleckiej podstrefie powstanie inwestycja warta 180 mln zł (Polish). Retrieved July 25, 2012 .
- ↑ 300 new jobs in Zgorzelec . In: Saxon newspaper . July 25, 2012 ( online [accessed July 25, 2012]).
- ↑ pwik.zgorzelec.pl: ZUW przy ul.Orzeszkowej 3 w Zgorzelcu (Polish). (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on July 18, 2012 ; Retrieved July 27, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Question of history . In: Saxon newspaper . May 7, 2011 ( online ).
- ↑ Ralph Schermann: New tracks for the tram . In: Saxon newspaper . February 2, 2012 ( online ).
- ↑ zvon.de: Urban Traffic Plan Görlitz / Zgorzelec . (PDF; 291.25 KB) Retrieved May 6, 2012 .
- ↑ zvon.de: regional bus PKS Zgorzelec . Retrieved May 6, 2012 .
