Obermarkt (Goerlitz)
| Obermarkt | |
|---|---|
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 View of the Obermarkt from the Reichenbacher Turm in east direction |
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| Basic data | |
| place | Goerlitz |
| District | Görlitz old town |
| Created | circa 1250 |
| Confluent streets | Breite Strasse, Brüderstrasse , Fleischerstrasse, Klosterplatz , Platz des 17. Juni, Steinstrasse, Verrätergasse |
| Buildings | Trinity Church , Napoleon House , Salt House , Reichenbacher Turm |
| use | |
| User groups | Pedestrian traffic , bicycle traffic , car traffic |
| Space design | Georgsbrunnen |
| Technical specifications | |
| Square area | approx. 7500 m² |
The Görlitzer Obermarkt counts with an approximate east-west distance of 250 meters the largest squares in the historic Görlitz Old Town . It has the shape of a rectangle, the east and west sides of which taper somewhat. The Obermarkt with buildings from numerous eras is the gateway to Görlitz's old town.
geography
location
Görlitz Obermarkt is located at the intersection of Görlitz Old Town to founders time stamped downtown . It is bordered by town houses, the Holy Trinity Church in the southeast, the Reichenbacher Tower and the Kaisertrutz on Platz des 17. Juni in the west.
structure
Since the reconstruction of the square in 1939, it has been divided by two paved roads running from north to south. Since then, the western of the two streets has made it possible to cross from Breite Straße to Steinstraße. The eastern road is blocked off by bollards at the level of the monastery square and only serves as access to the parking areas in the center of the square.
traffic
The paved center of the market square is now used for most of the year as a parking area for around 80 to 100 cars. At the Görlitz Old Town Festival, the ViaThea street theater and other major events, the central area is also used as an event room.
Numerous alleys and streets lead onto the cobbled street that leads around the square: Breite Straße, Verrätergasse and Fleischerstraße from the north, Brüderstraße from the east, Klosterplatz and Steinstraße from the south and Platz des 17. Juni from West. The Brüderstraße connects the square with the Untermarkt and the old town. Steinstrasse and Klosterplatz provide a connection to Marienplatz and further to Demianiplatz and Elisabethstrasse and lead to the downtown shopping area.
Between 1883 and 1939, the Görlitzer tram ran on the south side of the square in the direction of the Untermarkt terminus. The railroad tracks were removed in 1939 when the market was rebuilt.
history
City expansion in the 13th century
The upper market was laid out around 1250. The square and the adjoining alleys formed the new town in the 14th century . In 1401 the names Neumarkt for the eastern part and Oberneumarkt for the western part appeared for the first time . At the latest in 1848, when an expansion of the southern suburb began, the name Obermarkt caught on. As part of the expansion, today's Wilhelmsplatz was created, which was called Neumarkt until it was renamed in 1871 . In 1717 a fire destroyed half of the Obermarkt. This is also the reason that the oldest houses on the west and north sides of the square were built in 1717. The back of them all hit the city wall at Grünen Graben.
Late Middle Ages and Early Modern Times
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According to chronicles, the salt house is said to have been built in 1407, but it was first mentioned around 1424 and 1434. It stood in the middle of the square and began roughly at the confluence of Steinstraße and then extended towards Brüderstraße.
In January 1451 a sermon chair for the Franciscan and preacher Johannes Capistranus was erected in front of the salt house. He gave 15 sermons there. From the 13th century until its dissolution as a result of the Reformation, the Franciscans owned a monastery in Görlitz on today's Klosterplatz , their monastery church was the Trinity Church.
In 1535/36 the salt house was expanded into a dance, department store and clothing store, as until then there was only a dance hall for the upper class in the town hall. Until 1767 it had high, pointed gables on each side, which were removed and replaced by a hipped roof . On the west and east sides, a staircase led to the first floor. There a baroque portal allowed entry into the interior. Stone measures were attached to the house, the grain measure Scheffel and the quarter . Local and foreign drapers offered their goods for sale in the large upper hall. The salt deposit was located on the ground floor until around 1815, and was moved to the Waidhaus . In the salt house, military equipment was stored on the second floor. As long as only local non-traders were allowed to shop in the salt house, the market hat was displayed in front of the house. The salt house was used until 1851, after which it was removed. In the mid-1990s, there were considerations to rebuild the salt house. For the city's 925th anniversary in 1996, a scaffolding in the basic shape of the building was erected and clad in the middle of the square. However, it came to the conclusion that the building ensemble and the function of the square as a link between the old town and the Wilhelminian style district would be destroyed with the construction.
The upper market was mainly used for the grain trade. Around 1700 the supply of goods was so great that there was hardly enough space. On July 19, 1804, 754 wagons full of grain crowded the market.
Prussian era and remodeling in the 19th century
According to the treaties of the Congress of Vienna , the eastern Upper Lusatia changed from the Saxon to the Prussian state and with it the city of Görlitz. The supply and removal of goods from West and South Upper Lusatia or to these areas was severely hindered by the border between Prussia and Saxony that was now created. Only with the introduction of the customs union on January 1, 1834 did the situation improve significantly. At the market there were again traders such as knitters, stocking sellers, Büttner, Bohemian farmers with wooden boards, residents of Rothwasser with their shingles, ladders, brooms and numerous other products. However, the craft only recovered for a short time until it declined sharply around 1870 due to the strongly changing economic conditions.
The main guard station stood to the west of the salt house from 1676 to 1847. It was expanded in 1704 and 1740. From 1640 to 1650 the guard was north of the monastery church. With the expansion of the Kaisertrutz by the Prussians, the main guard and the military arsenal moved from the Salzhaus to the Kaisertrutz in 1850.
The Georgsbrunnen from 1590 was erected in front of the Golden Eagle until 1856 , after which it was moved in front of the Schwibbogen. The shield of George with the electoral Saxon coat of arms probably had the Bohemian one before.
On the south side of the square, largely spared by fire, numerous buildings from the 16th century were preserved until the 19th century, but most of them were in a ruinous condition. The change in the houses between Klosterplatz and today's Steinstraße is described as an example :
The cloth maker Max Finster was at the same time the owner of the corner house Obermarkt / Klosterplatz (then Obermarkt No. 1), which was built in 1722 by saddler Michael Ulrich in the middle baroque style. In 1898 he also acquired the neighboring house, Obermarkt No. 2, and tore down both buildings. In 1900 he built a new building on the enlarged property. Today the office of a health insurance company is located in the corner building. Also in 1804 the double house Obermarkt No. 3 was demolished by the salt manager Christian Friedrich Görcke and replaced by a wider new building. A third floor was added to the baroque-style house No. 4, but it remained otherwise unchanged. House number 5, then also known as the von Mollerstein-Zimmermannsche Haus , had three large street gables with volutes and two Gothic doors until shortly after 1800 . In 1803 the gables were first torn off and replaced with a shingle roof. In 1837 the master belt maker Immanuel Friedrich Zimmermann built the house from scratch. Only von Mollerstein's coat of arms remained. The corner house at Obermarkt / Steingasse (No. 6) was also a baroque building crowned with two large gables. It was built in this form around 1680. This house lost its gable in 1803 and was rebuilt from scratch in 1844 by master furrier Ernst Friedrich Thorer.
It was similar with the houses in the direction of Kaisertrutz . Two personalities were connected to the square: General von Winterfeldt , wounded in the Battle of Moys , died on the night of September 7th to 8th, 1757 in house Obermarkt No. 11. The saddler Johann opened in house Obermarkt No. 8 Christoph Lüders started his first wagon construction business in 1830. In 1849 he moved his business to Brunnenstrasse. He is considered the founding father of the still existing Görlitz wagon construction.
Kaiser Wilhelm II visited the Neisse city for the first time on May 18, 1893 and unveiled the equestrian statue of Kaiser Wilhelm I on the Obermarkt. It was roughly in the middle of the square. On May 11, 1939, the memorial with its three figures was moved to Wilhelmsplatz. During the Second World War, it was melted down for war purposes.
Beginning of the 20th century and the Weimar Republic
In 1909/10 the Dreifaltigkeitskirche was completely renovated; the artist Adolf Quensen from Braunschweig provided the walls and vaults with romanticizing paintings. The once simple ceiling and wall decorations gave way to lush and playful paintings; today these paintings are considered to be worth preserving evidence of the national and religious understanding of the time.
With the beginning of the First World War in 1914, the regular parades of the Görlitz garrison troops on the Obermarkt also ended. The soldiers marched through the city to the station to the cheers of the population. On November 9, 1918, at 6 p.m., a large crowd gathered in front of the Kaisertrutz, the main guard station at that time. She freed the military prisoners from the main guard without the duty officers being able to prevent this. At the end of the day the red flag was waving on the Kaisertrutz. The next day, Sunday, September 10, 1918 at 1 p.m., Paul Taubadel (SPD, for Görlitz-Lauban in the Reichstag since 1912) spoke to numerous Görlitzers on the Obermarkt. Von Bähr ( USPD ) and Soldier Krüger were also among the speakers. On May 1, 1919, thousands of people began the first May parade after the end of the Empire. In the Roaring Twenties , house number 24 offered a new home for the new folk cabaret zum Mönch . The audience was entertained with swipes at rowdy inflation profiteers and the prudish regulation of swimwear. The audience found the sharper political satire unsuitable. Longing tango singers and subtle personalities were more popular. The high point of these years was the Oberlausitzer Festwoche from 3rd to 10th July 1927. The parade with over 70 wagons, including military associations, post offices, fire brigade, artisan groups, a beer wagon from the Landskron brewery , gymnasts and athletes as well as cars from the automobile club was attended by thousands of citizens admired. On the stage on the Obermarkt every evening from 8:30 pm the athletes and gymnasts presented performances. A music corps of the Reichswehr from III. Battalion of the 8th Infantry Regiment under Heinrich Junghans played on and reminded of earlier military parades on the square. Another highlight was the colored illumination of the Reichenbach tower and the Kaisertrutz in the evening.
In September 1928 President Paul von Hindenburg came to the Obermarkt on his visit to Görlitz. He was greeted by the residents with the old black, red and white imperial flag. The black, red and gold flag of the Republic only waved on the public buildings. A few years later, when Hitler came to power, the imperial flags finally disappeared in the attics of the residents, where they were rediscovered a few decades later.
National Socialism and World War II
After Hitler's seizure of power on January 30, 1933, more and more swastika flags also waved from the windows of private apartments and shops on the square . With the reintroduction of compulsory military service in 1935, the Görlitz Reichswehr battalion became the Görlitz-Lauban Infantry Regiment 30; the Dreifaltigkeitskirche served as an evangelical garrison church. From June 24th to 27th, 1937, the “Antikominternzug” with the Nazi propaganda traveling exhibition World Enemy No. 1 - Bolshevism appeared on the square . Not only the left political wing suffered under the Nazi regime, but also the Görlitz Jews. On the Obermarkt this affected numerous retailers who, as part of the “ Aryanization ”, had to sell their stores well below their value or to close them. Otto Klau took over the men's clothing store from Jakob Abramowitz (Obermarkt 11), Paul Rother took over the men's and women's clothing store from Richard Dresel (Obermarkt 3), Fritz Behrendt took over the shoe store from Paul Kafka (Obermarkt corner Steinstraße) and the company Bahr und Söhne took over the men's clothing store. and ladies' cloakroom from the Meirowsky brothers (Obermarkt 7). Artur Dresel's men's clothing store (Obermarkt 6) closed. Artur Dresel was a prominent and committed social democrat who had taken on numerous honorary positions in the city. He was accused of sexually molesting a teenage customer while trying on them. The Oberlausitzer Tagespost and Der Stürmer overturned allegations and inventions, which all collapsed after a process that ended in an acquittal for Dresel and meant a disgrace for the masterminds. Despite his acquittal, Artur Dresel was taken to the judicial prison in Wroclaw, where he allegedly put an end to his life shortly afterwards. At a court case in Bautzen in 1948 it came out that a disapproving craftsman from the neighborhood had denounced Dresel.
The funeral home Zum Frieden , founded in 1893 by Marie Ullrich (née Opitz) and her husband Oskar Ullrich, was taken over by Max Opitz, the founder's son, in 1914. In 1936 he had the facade of the company headquarters in Obermarkt 15 redesigned by the Görlitz sculptor Heinz Grunwald according to contemporary taste. He used local handicrafts and local materials and provided the facade with glazed red-brown bricks. He placed a larger-than-life, grieving female figure on a ledge level with the first floor between the two entrances to the Ullrich funeral home and the Adler National Insurance Association. To the left of the funeral service shop window, a bronze relief with figures from the saga of the night blacksmith was placed at eye level. The legendary blacksmith lived and worked in Obermarkt 14. The shiny red-brown brick facade is an idiosyncratic eye-catcher on the northwest side of the square.
At the end of the 1930s, work began on redesigning numerous squares in the city. It all started in 1939 with the Obermarkt. Back then, they wanted spacious, clearly structured areas that would support the overall architectural appearance of the square. They wanted to gain space for marches and major events and better regulate car traffic. On the old square the equestrian statue of Wilhelm I stood lost in the wide center of the square, and the traffic flowed disorderly over the uneven pavement around the tram tracks to the Untermarkt . After the redesign, the square presented itself in a new form. He was given wider sidewalks with small-scale paving, the streets and market areas were paved with granite stones, the equestrian statue was moved to Wilhelmsplatz and the gas lanterns were replaced by electric lamps in the shape of a functional lantern. The tram line to Untermarkt was closed. The newly laid road led around the square with branches to Breiten Strasse, Brüderstrasse, Fleischerstrasse, Steinstrasse as well as to Demianiplatz and Klosterplatz. Two streets cut through the market area in the middle from north to south, at the level of the Klosterplatz and from Breite Straße to Steinstraße.
On October 6, 1940, the victory parade of the battalions of the 30th Infantry Regiment stationed in Görlitz took place on the square. They had briefly returned to the Görlitz garrison after the campaigns against Poland and France. A gate of honor with numerous swastika flags was erected between the Reichenbacher tower and the corner house on Demianiplatz. In the years that followed, the windows had to be darkened for air protection reasons, the food card and the Reich clothing card found their way into the lives of citizens and students in youth uniforms collected for the winter relief organization . From the 10th grade onwards, pupils from the school on Klosterplatz were ordered to work as flak helpers in Dessau and Berlin, and older pupils were drafted into the Wehrmacht or the Waffen SS. But there was also resistance against the Nazi regime on the Obermarkt. Former leading Social Democrats were housed in house number 15 of Max Opitz, the owner of the Ullrich funeral home. Among them were Paul Gatter (discharged from school service at the Augustum grammar school on Klosterplatz in 1933), Hermann Arndt, Fritz Biermann, Dr. Schiller from the Free Religious Congregation and Wilhelm Baumgart, former SPD local association chairman. Under the direction of Wilhelm Baumgart, the members of this group produced leaflets and brought material from occupied Czechoslovakia. Their connections extended to Kohlfurt, Lauban, Marklissa, Sprottau, Sagan and Glogau. They supported French prisoners of war and listened to foreign radio broadcasts to get a real impression of the war situation. An advertising company for the weekly newspaper Green Post served as camouflage for the group . Many other people seeking help before the Nazis found their way to Obermarkt 15. The social democrat Willy Leisten, a member of the resistance group, was the victim of Stalinist persecution during the second German dictatorship and ended his life in a Soviet gulag .
Like the city, the square was largely spared from the war. The corner house on Fleischerstrasse (Obermarkt 31, former Löwenapotheke) and its neighboring houses were the only ones on the Obermarkt that were destroyed.
Post-war years
After the Second World War, Görlitz belonged to the Soviet zone of occupation and to the GDR founded in 1949. On May 1, 1946, up to 10,000 people, including company staff, schoolchildren and members of the newly founded parties, gathered for a mass rally on the Obermarkt. Some of them carried banners with them, e.g. B. "Never again war" or "Peace - Unity - Construction" was to be read. The square was decorated with large red flags for this mass rally. Contemporary witnesses report that one could see that the red flags were used for a long time and that circular dark red fields could be seen in the middle, which suggests that only the Nazi symbols had been removed from the old swastika flags.
GDR era and political change
In the first post-war years, the Obermarkt had more residents than ever before in its history. According to the Görlitz address book in 1949/50, it offered 245 tenants (excluding commercial tenants) a home in 32 houses with mostly three floors. Up to 34 tenants lived in some houses (e.g. Obermarkt 5). Several tenants often shared an apartment. Among the tenants were numerous refugees from Görlitzer Ostvorstadt on the other side of the Neisse or the Silesian areas east of the Neisse. From the same address book one can also see that the commercial tenants remained largely the same, including the bicycle, sewing machine and lighting equipment trade Dürsel, the hardware store Herrmann, sanitary Jüttner, the fur store Scholich, the shoe store Behrendt, the clothing store Bahr, the butcher shop Neumann, the hotel "Weißes Roß", the furnace building Kahle, the Resi cabaret, the gold and silver goods trade Bauer and Höer, the leather goods store Bartsch and the ice cream confectionery Bianchi. A Jewish tenant expelled by the Nazis also returned. The Abramowitz textile goods store was reopened on Obermarkt 11.
The visible war damage also disappeared in the early 1950s. House No. 24 was given a temporary roof and the destroyed houses on the corner of Obermarkt and Fleischerstraße were replaced by a new building. With its baroque and modern style elements, the new building blends in carefully with the overall appearance of the square. Only on closer inspection does the observer discover clues that speak for a new building, e.g. B based on the inscription on the coat of arms above the entrance on the Obermarkt. The following is written on the escutcheon: “1717 destroyed in the town fire, reconstruction of two town houses in the corner house since 1829 Löwen-Apotheke burnt down again on May 8, 1945 - new building by the government of the German Democratic Republic 1953 1954”.
On October 11, 1950, shortly before the Volkskammer elections , a head of state spoke to the people of Görlitz once again for a long time. The then President Wilhelm Pieck gave a speech on the Obermarkt and particularly pointed out the aid measures for industry, schools and new citizens. On the west side of the square, a nine-tier, stone grandstand with a wide stand was built in the mid-1950s. However, the grandstand was only supposed to be in the square for 20 years, after which it was removed because the May parades now took place on Postplatz (then: Liberation Square). However, major events continued to take place on the square, such as B the Görlitz Music Weeks in the 1950s, celebrations of peace and friendship with German, Polish and Czechoslovak choirs, dance groups and orchestras as well as numerous sporting events. The international bicycle races, such as the peace ride, were particularly popular . Here, for example, Bernhard Trefflich won the first stage win for the GDR in 1953. Shortly before that, Erich Honecker , at that time still chairman of the Free German Youth (FDJ) on the market, gave his first and only speech in Görlitz. Two years later, Täve Schur was seen in the yellow jersey. In 1967 the union workers' festival took place on the square. For this purpose, a large stage was set up on the east side of the square.
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In the 1950s, numerous streets and squares were renamed, and the Obermarkt was not spared either. A file in the city archive shows that on August 23, 1950, a proposal was made to rename the Obermarkt in Leninplatz . The name was officially renamed on January 1, 1951, but never found its way into the parlance of many Görlitzers. It may also have been due to the lack of logic, because now there was still a lower market, but no longer an upper market. On the occasion of Vladimir Ilyich Lenin's 100th birthday in 1970, a memorial plaque and a Lenin portrait relief were attached to the Reichenbach Tower, against the concerns of the preservationists. The following was written on the Lenin plaque: "Lenin Square in honor of the founder of the Soviet state and leader of the world proletariat Vladimir Ilyich Lenin 1870-1924 on the occasion of his 100th birthday April 22, 1970". On May 1, 1990, the square was officially given back its old name - Obermarkt, according to a resolution of the city council on February 21, 1990. Shortly afterwards, on April 27th of the same year, the Lenin memorial plaque and the relief from the Reichenbacher Tower were dismantled and transferred to the municipal art collection.
On June 17, 1953 , demonstrations took place in Görlitz, as in many other cities in the GDR. In addition to the Untermarkt, Postplatz (then: Liberation Square) and James-von-Moltke-Strasse, the Obermarkt (then: Leninplatz) was also a place of events. In the morning and afternoon several thousand demonstrators from large companies, schools or families crowded the square. The most varied of groups called for, among other things, norm corrections, price cuts, new elections, freedom of belief and a wider range of goods. Later the events are shamefully concealed or downplayed. Radio mechanic Artur Hellwig, who runs a radio electronics store on the Obermarkt, is one of the victims of June 17th. He provided the demonstrators with a loudspeaker system at their insistence and received a ten-year prison sentence for it. His younger colleague Horst Kanzog was sentenced to six years. June 17th joins a series of overturns or attempts to overthrow the city. Begun in 1527 with the craftsmen's uprising, continuing through the revolutionary attempted overthrow in 1848 and the 1918 revolution, the last uprising was to herald the end of the GDR in 1989.
In the 1970 / 80s, the neglected, historical building fabric was given more attention. A large part of the facades and roofs were put in order to present tourist groups with an appealing picture of the city's architectural heritage. In 1976, the Görlitz Information Center opened in house number 29 (“Napoleon House”). Napoleon is said to have accepted a troop parade from the balcony of this house on August 20, 1813. A plaque on the facade of the house refers to other important guests in this house. The tourist information is now located a few doors down in the direction of Brüderstraße in house number 32. The store density decreased in the 1970s and 1980s. Nevertheless, the place still invited with a few shops for shopping, including z. B. picture and sound (Obermarkt 23), electrical (installation and repairs, corner house to Klosterplatz) as well as buying and selling (Obermarkt 7). House number 26 housed socio-political organizations such as the Kulturbund , the Urania Society for the Dissemination of Scientific Knowledge and the Society for German-Soviet Friendship . To mark the 900th anniversary of the city in 1971, a Görlitz institution opened in the southern corner building on Brüderstraße (Obermarkt 34) - the “Café Schwibbogen”. A student dormitory had now moved into the former hotel “Weißes Roß”.
In October 1989 the flags of the GDR waved for the last time at the old town festival on the Obermarkt. For 40 years under the rule of the SED, many private individuals had worked hard and hard to give the square a lively face that was worth seeing. The Trinity Church under Pastor Friedrich Ilgner also opened its doors and invited citizens to discussion forums. In November 1989 the demonstrators of the peaceful revolution marched across the Obermarkt to the city colonels in Görlitz City Hall .
1990s to today
On September 27, 1990, Helmut Kohl spoke to an enthusiastic crowd on the Obermarkt. The then Federal Chancellor took a five-minute bath in the crowd before giving his speech. According to the Dresdner Morgenpost, 25,000 people are said to have followed Kohl's speech on the square. There were black, red and gold flags without the GDR emblem and the gold and white Lower Silesian flag . Helmut Kohl is said to have asked what the meaning of this gold and white flag was and then opened his speech with the words: "Dear Lower Silesians". In the following years he gave two more speeches in Görlitz, but these at smaller venues. On November 24, 1990, the CDU politician was followed by the SPD chairman Willy Brandt . Görlitz was considered a stronghold of social democracy until 1933. Brandt had to be content with a much smaller number of participants.
Only a few commercial tenants survived the turnaround and with it the tougher competition of the market economy. This included the Ullrich funeral home, the Gruske butcher's and the restaurants Zum Nachtschmied and Café Schwibbogen . The Ullrich funeral home was now the oldest company on the Obermarkt. But there were also numerous new tenants, including a few restaurants and cafés, a flower shop, an interior decorator, a small grocery store, a health insurance company and other businesses. Some only made it for a few years. B. Sport-Petzold and Spielwaren Zippel. This shop with the owner and saleswoman Gisela Zippel was considered an institution for many Görlitzers. In 1993 she moved from Schulstrasse at the corner of Berliner Strasse to Obermarkt and after her retirement and 60 years of business activity, she closed her business in 1997. The number of tenants also fell despite the increasingly good state of renovation. This was also due to the decline in the number of inhabitants in the entire city, but also to the noise from traffic and the large parking areas on the square. However, the Obermarkt is still the starting point and gateway to the Görlitz old town, as well as the location of numerous events, for example the street theater festival Via-Thea, the Silesian Tippelmarkt, parts of the Christmas market and the Görlitz old town festival.
Development
Napoleon's house
The baroque house Obermarkt 29 , also known as Napoleon's House or Nostitzsche House , is considered the most important baroque building thanks to its elegant axis division, the curved balcony on the first floor, which is supported on two corner pillars flanking the portal and the extensive figural decoration the place. The four pilasters in the middle of the facade with their stucco capitals optically support the triangular gable with an ox-eye at the top of the gable. The gables of the windows on the first and second floors are richly decorated with baroque style elements. The examinations carried out on the building during the restoration showed that the facade decoration was initially only painted on and the stucco decoration was only applied in the years 1719 and 1722. The house was built in its present form in 1718 by Johann Wilhelm Schaumburg, a merchant from Berlin after the fire in 1717. In 1802/03 Karl Gottlob Anton bought the house as the seat of the Upper Lusatian Society of Sciences . But the house was sold again in 1810 because there was not enough space there for the book inventory. In 1822 the house came into the hands of the public, which set up a tax office there. In 1880 the house was sold to private customers again. From 1974 to 1976 the house was restored and in 1976 the Görlitz-Information moved in, which stayed there until 2004. During the restoration in the 1970s, the stucco ceilings inside and a central staircase with richly painted woodwork were exposed. In 2010 the facade was completely renovated. In addition to Napoleon, to whom the house owes its nickname after the troops were removed from the balcony on August 20, 1813, according to a plaque on the house, August the Strong , the Russian Tsar Alexander I and Friedrich Wilhelm III. have stayed there.
Schwibbogen
The Schwibbogen (Obermarkt 34) was built in 1533 by Jeronimus Schneider. The Görlitz Mastersinger Adam Puschmann (1569–1572) and the town clerk and later mayor Daniel Richter lived there. The house also served as a brewery until the middle of the 19th century. When the front was extended in 1819, the building lost its Renaissance gable. From 1869 it belonged to the jeweler Reinhold Hoer. The family ran a goldsmith's shop there until 1950 and also made the mayor's chain of office. In 1971, the Schwibbogen café was opened in the building to mark the city's 900th anniversary . In 1995 the building was completely restored and a restaurant moved in.
Say
→ Main article: Görlitz legends
In what is probably the most famous house on the west side of the square, formerly No. 14, a blacksmith has lived for a long time. According to the Görlitz legend, Der Nachtschmied , he worked for the devil. The house was rebuilt after being destroyed in 1708.
The carved in stone picture of a woman on the corner house in Obermarkt / Fleischerstraße is reminiscent of the legend of the Klötzel monk . The woman is a mother who mourns her daughter and waits for her to return. There used to be a stone head of the ugly monk on the house opposite. He is said to have murdered the pretty daughter and hid it under a grave slab in the Trinity Church. During this act, he was observed by a craftsman and walled up alive in the church by the mayor as a punishment. You can still hear his wooden slippers clattering around in the Trinity Church.
literature
- Ernst Kretzschmar: The Obermarkt - Kornmarkt and Görlitzer Paradeplatz. 1st edition. Stadtbild-Verlag, Görlitz 2006, ISBN 3-939655-19-8 .
- City of Görlitz: Görlitz Obermarkt - Documentation. 1st edition. Municipal art collections, Görlitz 2002.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Ernst Kretzschmar: Görlitz as a Prussian garrison town . Stadtbild-Verlag, 2005, p. 35 f .
- ↑ Ronny Kabus: "... I cry for my father every day" - In the power of Stalin and the SED, pp. 11-16 and 91-96
- ↑ goerlitz.de: Obermarkt. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on September 10, 2010 ; Retrieved June 6, 2010 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Unser-goerlitz.de: Obermarkt 29. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on September 8, 2010 ; Retrieved August 23, 2010 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Walter Leisering: Historical world atlas . 102nd edition. Cornelsen Verlag, 2005, ISBN 3-464-00176-8 , pp. 95 .
- ↑ Guide through Görlitz in Silesia . Verlag des Verkehrsverein, Görlitz 1927, p. 14 .
- ^ Ernst-Heinz Lemper: Görlitz - A historical topography . 2nd Edition. Verlag Gunter Oettel, Görlitz / Zittau, 2009, ISBN 978-3-938583-16-6 , pp. 122 f., 247 .
- ↑ goerlitz.de: Prominent Görlitz. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on September 10, 2010 ; Retrieved August 26, 2010 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ schwibbogen-goerlitz.de: History. Retrieved April 21, 2011 .
- Richard Jecht: History of the City of Görlitz. Volume 1, half volume 2, 1st edition. Publishing house of the Magistrate of the City of Görlitz, Görlitz 1934.
- Ernst Kretzschmar: The Obermarkt - Kornmarkt and Görlitzer Paradeplatz. 1st edition. Stadtbild-Verlag, Görlitz 2006, ISBN 3-939655-19-8 .
- ↑ p. 138.
- ↑ p. 91.
- ↑ p. 60.
- ↑ pp. 65, 70f, 78.
- ↑ p. 78.
- ↑ pp. 82, 84.
- ↑ p. 88f.
- ↑ p. 90f.
- ↑ p. 95, 97f.
- ↑ p. 102.
- ↑ p. 104.
- ↑ p. 105.
- ↑ pp. 106ff, 113.
- ↑ pp. 109, 116, 120.
- ↑ p. 110f.
- ↑ pp. 109, 114, 116, 120.
- ↑ p. 121.
- ↑ p. 122.
- ↑ p. 125f.
- ↑ p. 125.
Coordinates: 51 ° 9 ′ 18.9 ″ N , 14 ° 59 ′ 13.8 ″ E