Krasiejów

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Krasiejów
Krascheow
Krasiejów Krascheow does not have a coat of arms
Krasiejów Krascheow (Poland)
Krasiejów Krascheow
Krasiejów
Krascheow
Basic data
State : Poland
Voivodeship : Opole
Powiat : Opole
Gmina : Ozimek
Geographic location : 50 ° 40 ′  N , 18 ° 15 ′  E Coordinates: 50 ° 40 ′ 5 ″  N , 18 ° 14 ′ 48 ″  E
Residents : 1958 (October 1, 2018)
Postal code : 46-040
Telephone code : (+48) 77
License plate : OPO
Economy and Transport
Street : Ext. 463 Bierdzan - Zawadzkie
Rail route : Zawadzkie – Opole
Next international airport : Katowice-Pyrzowice



Krasiejów [ kra'ɕɛuf ] ( German Krascheow or Crascheow , 1936–1945 Schönhorst ) is a small town in Upper Silesia . It belongs to the municipality of Ozimek ( Malapane ) in the Powiat Opolski in the Polish Opole Voivodeship .

geography

location

Krasiejów is located in the northeastern tip (Równina Opolska, Opole Plain ) of the Nizina Śląska ( Silesian Plain ) on the left bank of the Mała Panew ( Malapane ). The place is about three kilometers east of the community seat Ozimek ( Malapane ) and 23 kilometers east of the district town and voivodeship capital Opole ( Opole ).

Krasiejów lies on the Zawadzkie – Opole railway line . Droga wojewódzka 463 road runs through the town .

Neighboring places

Neighboring places of Krasiejów are in the west the municipality seat Ozimek , in the east Staniszcze Małe ( Klein Stanisch ) and Kolonowskie ( Colonnowska ), in the southeast Spórok ( Carmerau ) and in the southwest Krzyżowa Dolina ( Kreuzthal ).

geology

Krasiejów is located approximately 70 kilometers northwest of the northwest edge of the plot Mountain aufbruches the Sudeten , relatively central in the Mesozoic plateau of Upper Silesia in outcrop obertriassischer sedimentary rocks . The corresponding sequence of layers is generally referred to as Keuper in Central Europe and consists predominantly of very fine-grained siliciclastics deposited from terrestrial to marine margins (for further details see below ).

history

Margaret of Antioch Church in Krasiejów, built between 1911 and 1913 in neo-baroque style.

The place was first mentioned in 1292 as Crasseow . In 1458 the place is mentioned as Crasyeyow and in 1532 as Krasizegow .

In 1742 Krascheow fell with most of Silesia to Prussia . Around 1770, lawn iron ore is said to have been mined in Krascheow and smelted into iron , but the ore deposits were exhausted after a few decades.

After the reorganization of the province of Silesia which belonged rural community Krasiejów from 1816 to district Opole in the administrative district of Opole . In 1845 there was a Catholic church, a Catholic school, a royal lower and upper forestry, a rifle factory and 114 other houses in the village. In the same year 900 people lived in Krascheow, 52 of them Protestant and five Jewish. An ironworks and the rifle factory are said to have existed in the village as recently as 1860. In addition, the population for this time is given as 1,083. In 1874 the district of Krascheow was founded, which consisted of the rural communities of Antonia, Carmerau, Creutzthal, Hüttendorf, Krascheow and Schodnia and the manor district of Krascheow, chief forestry and the Malapane ironworks. The administrative district was initially administered by the hut director Schnackenberg in Malapane. The present monastery building was built in 1896.

In 1910 the foundation stone was laid for the new neo-baroque church, which was built from 1911 to 1913. As a result of a fire on March 31, 1913, a large part of the village was destroyed. In the same year the village received two new bridges over the Malapane. In the referendum in Upper Silesia on March 20, 1921, 452 eligible voters voted to remain in the German Reich and 433 to join the Rzeczpospolita . In 1933 there were 1,675 inhabitants. On August 10, 1936, Krascheow was renamed Schönhorst . In 1939 the place had 1,864 inhabitants. Schönhorst remained in the Opole district until 1945 .

In 1945 the place came under Polish administration , was renamed Krasiejów and joined the Silesian Voivodeship. In 1950 the place came to the Opole Voivodeship . After red marly keupertone (see geology and fossil deposits ) had already been mined for the production of bricks from 1910 to 1967 , a large clay pit was excavated in Krasiejów in 1974, in which clay was extracted as raw material for the cement factory in Strzelce Opolskie , which closed in 2004 . In 1997, Krasiejów was also affected by the flood in the Oder catchment area (cf. Oder flood 1997 ), which caused a great deal of property damage. In 1999 the place came to the re-established Powiat Opolski . In 2010 the JuraPark Krasiejów was opened.

Fossil deposit and Dinopark

Fossil deposit

Live reconstruction of the gigantic sauropod Amphicoelias in the JuraPark Krasiejów with small coelurids in the foreground and stegosaurs in the background
Trilingual information board (Polish, English, German) in the open-air exhibition of the JuraPark

In the subsoil of the Krasiejów area, there are reddish, calcareous ( marl-like ), weakly consolidated and therefore particularly erosion- prone silty claystones that have been mined for various purposes since the early 20th century at the latest, in a large open-cast mine since 1974 (see history ). These mudstones are correlated , with a certain uncertainty, with the Lehrberg banks ( Weser Formation or Upper Gipskeuper ) in Germany, which are placed in the youngest Carnium . Alternatively, a correlation with the somewhat younger Arnstadt formation (stone marlkeuper, norium ) has been suggested. The red mudstones from Krasiejów are between 230 and 210 million years old. Concentrated in two horizons , they contain a typical terrestrial vertebrate fauna of the older Upper Triassic, which consists mainly of large temnospondyles and large basal crurotarsians . More precisely identifiable temnospondyles are the frequently represented metoposauroids Metoposaurus and the less common capitosaurs Cyclotosaurus . Crurotarsier remnants that can be determined more precisely come primarily from the phytosaur Paleorhinus , to a lesser extent from the aetosaur Stagonolepis and also from the " Rauisuchier " Polonosuchus . Further remains of amniotes come from Sphenodonti (early relatives of today's bridge lizards ), from the dinosaur-like reptile Silesaurus (see below ) and from a strange reptile with a relatively long neck, a "breast shield" formed by the ventral part of the shoulder girdle and long, thin ones Limb bone described under the name Ozimek volans and classified as a close relative of Sharovipteryx .

The “ matrix ” of the lower, more powerful (up to 1.5 m) and laterally more stable of the two fossil-rich horizons consists of 45% clay minerals , 40% quartz particles and 10% calcite particles. The fine grain of the "matrix", the dominance of aquatic representatives in the land vertebrate fauna and, moreover, the presence of fossil remains of fish (" ganoids " and lung fish ), mussels, conchostracs and Characeae oogonia in the claystone indicate a limnic- deltaic sedimentation environment, i.e. the sediment was deposited in a lake or in the landward part of a river delta characterized by stagnant, salty waters . Plant fossils are also found in this layer, of which individual scales from conifers make up most of the identifiable material. Associated with the plant residues are wing covers (elytra) of beetles . The upper, lens-like horizon is significantly richer in vertebrate remains (lateral extension approx. 15 m). Also clayey, it is interpreted as the deposit of a river.

Paleontological pavilion in 2008. In the embankment in the foreground are the red Keupertones. Due to its low resistance to erosion, the slope has characteristic erosion grooves (rinsing channels).

Silesaurus

Very special finds in the large clay pit Krasiejów, in which paleontological excavations have only been carried out since 1993, show several largely complete skeletons of a hitherto unknown archosaur species discovered in 2001 in the upper horizon . They were discovered in 2003 by the Polish paleontologist Jerzy Dzik (* 1950 ) under the name Silesaurus opolensis described . Silesaurus is regarded as a very close relative of the dinosaurs and is considered a kind of " missing link " between the first "real" dinosaurs such as Herrerasaurus and Eoraptor and more pristine, geologically older archosaurs from the " parent group " of dinosaurs such as Marasuchus and Lagosuchus . Subsequent investigations on the fossil material brought the first descriptor to the conclusion that Silesaurus opolensis is actually a real dinosaur, namely a primitive representative of the Ornithischia , and even before 2001, individual bones and bone fragments of this species were found and as remains of very large early, if not the earliest, real dinosaurs, but several cladistic analyzes indicated that Silesaurus is probably outside the dinosaurs.

Dinopark

Conserved excavation area with numerous fossil bones of Temnospondyles in the palaeontological pavilion

As a result of the first description of Silesaurus , the Paleontological Museum in Krasiejów was opened in 2005 as a branch of the University of Opole . 2006 saw the opening of the paleontological pavilion of the paleontological museum, which was built over one of the excavation sites in the northeast of the clay pit ( 50 ° 39 ′ 57 ″ N, 18 ° 16 ′ 27 ″ E ) and in which, among other things, replicas of the Silesaurus skeletons as well Original fossils of Temnospondyles are exhibited in situ . The entire area of ​​the clay pit was subsequently redesigned and finally the JuraPark Krasiejów opened on June 1, 2010. Its centerpiece is an open-air exhibition in which three-dimensional, life-size full-body reconstructions of numerous Mesozoic terrestrial vertebrates are shown, especially dinosaurs from all over the world, but also of those species that were found in the clay pit (see above ). The park also includes a “paleo-oceanarium” with reconstructions of life from Mesozoic marine animals, a 5D cinema, a small amusement park, various dining options and a large adventure playground. In addition, in the immediate vicinity of the actual park there is a new building that houses an interactive, futuristic exhibition on the subject of evolution (Parku Nauki i Ewolucji Człowieka). The redesign of the clay pit area cost around 28 million złoty (approx. 7 million euros). JuraPark Krasiejów is the youngest of a total of three JuraParks in Poland.

societies

In Krasiejów there is a local branch of the German Friendship Circle (DFK) and the football club KS Krasiejów , founded in 1957 , which plays in Season I of the Opole Voivodeship of the 6th Polish League (Klasa okręgowa) in the 2019/20 season. [outdated]

Sons and daughters of the place

  • Georg Reitor (1919–2013), officer, mechanical engineer, university lecturer and author of specialist and non-fiction books

Others

In 2003, Krasiejów was the setting for the episode At Table in… Silesia (episode 40) in the ARTE series At Table produced by ZDF .

literature

  • Krascheow, my place of birth - poor and small, but not insignificant . In: Georg Reitor: From the camp to the chair. From the bottom up and everything next to it. Books on Demand , Norderstedt / Gummersbach 2001, ISBN 3-8311-0244-9 , pp. 123-139.

Web links

Commons : Krasiejów  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files
Commons : Dinopark Krasiejów  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Location profiles on the official website of Gmina Ozimek (ozimek.pl), accessed on April 3, 2019 (Polish)
  2. ↑ a b c d e local history on the official website of Krasiejów (krasiejow.pl; Polish)
  3. ↑ a b Johann Georg Knie: Alphabetical-statistical-topographical overview of the villages, towns, cities and other places of the royal family. Preuss. Province of Silesia. Breslau 1845, p. 318 .
  4. ↑ a b Robert Niedźwiedzki: Od żelaza do silezaura. Historia górnictwa i odkrycia kręgowców triasowych w Krasiejowie. P. 6–27 in: Elena Jagt-Yazykova, John WM Jagt, Adam Bodzioch, Dorota Konietzko-Meier (eds.): Krasiejów - inspiracje paleontologiczne. Zakład Poligraficzno-Wydawniczy “Plik”, Bytom 2012, ISBN 978-83-916841-8-4 (Polish with English summary; online on ResearchGate [entire volume]).
  5. ↑ Krascheow in Pierer's Universal Lexikon. Volume 9. Altenburg 1860, p. 771 (HTML version on zeno.org with a link to the digitized version).
  6. ↑ Schönhorst district. Territorial.de - Territorial changes in Germany and German administered areas 1874-1945 (private website of Rolf Jehlke)
  7. ↑ Results of the referendum in Upper Silesia from 1921 ( memento from January 24, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) on the website of the Landsmannschaft der Oberschlesier, Landesverband Baden-Württemberg e. V.
  8. ↑ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Opole district (Polish Opole). (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  9. ↑ a b c Jerzy Dzik, Tomasz Sulej, Andrzej Kaim, Robert Niedźwiedzki: Późnotriasowe cmentarzysko kręgowców lądowych w Krasiejowie na Śląsku Opolskim. Przeglądzie Geologicznym. Vol. 48, No. 3, 2000, pp. 226-235 ( HTML version on the website of the Institute of Paleontology of the Polish Academy of Sciences).
  10. ↑ będzie wielkie wyburzanie - Koniec cementowni Strzelce. Zakład za półtora roku zniknie z powierzchni ziemi . Nowa Trybuna Opolska, June 22, 2005 (Polish)
  11. ↑ a b c Jerzy Dzik: A beaked herbivorous archosaur with dinosaur affinities from the early Late Triassic of Poland. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. Vol. 23, No. 3, 2003, pp. 556-574, doi: 10.1671 / A1097 ; alternative full text access: ING PAN (PDF).
  12. ↑ a b c d e f g h Jerzy Dzik, Tomasz Sulej: A review of the early Late Triassic Krasiejów biota from Silesia, Poland. Palaeontologia Polonica. Vol. 64, 2007, pp. 3-27 ( online ).
  13. ↑ cf. James G. Ogg: Triassic. Pp. 681-730 in: Felix M. Gradstein, James G. Ogg, Mark Schmitz, Gabi Ogg (eds.): The Geologic Time Scale 2012. Elsevier BV, 2012, ISBN 978-0-444-59425-9 .
  14. ↑ The Krasiejów-Rauisuchier was originally placed in the genus Teratosaurus , cf. Stephen L. Brusatte, Richard J. Butler, Tomasz Sulej, Grzegorz Niedźwiedzki: The taxonomy and anatomy of rauisuchian archosaurs from the Late Triassic of Germany and Poland. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. Vol. 54, No. 2, 2009, pp. 221-230, doi: 10.4202 / app.2008.0065 .
  15. ↑ Jerzy Dzik, Tomasz Sulej: An early Late Triassic long-necked reptile with a bony pectoral shield and gracile appendages. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. Vol. 61, No. 4, 2016, pp. 805-823, doi: 10.4202 / app.2008.0065 .
  16. ↑ Martín D. Ezcurra: A review of the systematic position of the dinosauriform archosaur Eucoelophysis baldwini Sullivan & Lucas, 1999 from the upper Triassic of New Mexico, USA. Geodiversitas. Vol. 28, No. 4, 2006, pp. 649-684 ( online )
  17. ↑ Sterling J. Nesbitt, Christian A. Sidor, Randall B. Irmis, Kenneth D. Angielczyk, Roger MH Smith, Linda A. Tsuji: Ecologically distinct dinosaurian sister group shows early diversification of Ornithodira. Nature. Vol. 464, 2010, pp. 95-98, doi: 10.1038 / nature08718 .
  18. ^ Sterling J. Nesbitt, The early evolution of archosaurs: relationships and the origin of major clades . In: Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History , No. 352, 2011, p. 49 and a. ( hdl: 2246/6112 )
  19. ↑ Jurassic Park Krasiejów . Undated article on Aktuellnosci Turystyczne (Polish), accessed on January 3, 2017
  20. ↑ Data sheet of KS Krasiejów on 90minut.pl (Polish)
  21. ↑ At table in… Silesia. Brief description of the episode on fernsehen.de , accessed on January 4, 2017