Groß Döbern
| Groß Döbern Dobrzeń Wielki |
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| Basic data | |||
| State : | Poland | ||
| Voivodeship : | Opole | ||
| Powiat : | Opolski | ||
| Gmina : | Groß Döbern | ||
| Geographic location : | 50 ° 46 ' N , 17 ° 51' E | ||
| Height : | 144 m npm | ||
| Residents : | 4450 | ||
| Postal code : | 46-081 | ||
| Telephone code : | (+48) 77 | ||
| License plate : | OPO | ||
| Economy and Transport | |||
| Street : | Opole ↔ Brzeg | ||
| Next international airport : | Wroclaw | ||
Groß Döbern ( Polish Dobrzeń Wielki ) is a village in Upper Silesia in the Powiat Opolski of the Opole Voivodeship in Poland with about 4500 inhabitants. It is the seat of the rural community of the same name with about 9700 inhabitants, which has been officially bilingual since 2009 (Polish and German).
geography
Groß Döbern is centrally located in the Opole Voivodeship and in the west of the historical region of Upper Silesia about 65 km southeast of Wroclaw and about 10 km northwest of Opole . Groß Döbern itself is on the right bank of the Oder ; the community has a share in the glacial valley of the Oder in the south , in the north it lies on the Opole plain, both of which are part of the Silesian lowlands. Therefore, the height differences in the municipality are only 26 m.
history
prehistory
Today's municipal area is a very old settlement area, as evidenced by everyday objects and Roman coins from prehistoric times . The coin finds also indicate that the early inhabitants were trading, even if the trade route from Opole and the growth of the villages were restricted by the frequent floods and the wetlands of the Oder . Finds of urn fields , ceramics and iron objects of the Silingen from the 1st to the 4th century in the villages of Czarnowanz , Groß Döbern and Chrosczütz indicate that the places developed more strongly only then. The name Döbern / Doberna is probably of Silingian origin, the place names of Czarnowanz and Chrosczütz go back to the Slavs who settled in Silesia after 406.
middle Ages
Dobren and Charnovanz were first mentioned in documents in 1228, in connection with the relocation of the Norbertine convent from Rybnik to Czarnowanz by Duke Casimir I of Opole . While Kasimir gave the towns of Klein Döbern and Czarnowanz to the monastery, Groß Döbern remained ducal property. It was only ecclesiastically subordinate to the Czarnowanz monastery and had to pay it taxes in return for the pastoral work.
It is possible that Groß Döbern was re-founded in the course of the eastern colonization next to the village of Döbern (1328: Dobren Parvum = Klein Döbern). Above all, the addition large , which often stands for new , indicates this.
In 1279, Boleslaw von Oppeln redefined the dues of the village to the Czarnowanz monastery and, in this context, a mayor of Groß Döbern was recorded for the first time with a certain Heinrich . Later, a parish of its own, Groß Döbern, was set up, which, although the founding was probably approved by the Duke of Opole himself, encountered resistance from the Czarnowanz abbot. Duke Boleslaw II finally responded to the complaints of the monastery and issued a document on September 1, 1325, according to which Groß Döbern became a branch of the monastery parish again . The parish vicar of the monastery responsible for Groß Döbern had only been based in Groß Döbern since 1787.
The history of Groß Döbern was always linked to the lot of the Duchy of Opole and so it broke away from Poland in 1327 and came under the rule of Bohemia , fell to Habsburg in 1526 and became Prussian after the First Silesian War in 1742 .
Modern times until today
The centuries-long ecclesiastical dependence on the Czarnowanz monastery ended in 1810 with its secularization and Groß Döbern became an independent parish. In 1816 Groß Döbern was assigned to the new district of Opole .
In the referendum in Upper Silesia on March 20, 1921, 1216 votes (67.9%) were cast in Groß Döbern to remain with Germany, 576 votes were in favor of joining Poland. The village remained in the Weimar Republic . To April 1, 1938 adults and children were Doebern (1925: 818 inhabitants) than Doebern merged into one community.
With the end of the Second World War in 1945, the place was called Dobrzeń Wielki Polish and the amalgamation was reversed. Only part of the German population was expelled , which is why a large part of the population in the village is of German descent to this day. The fate of these people in communist Poland after the war was thematized in the second part of the three-part documentary “When the Germans Were Away” as an example for Upper Silesia. Since, according to the last census in Poland, more than 20% of the population belong to the German minority (see section Population ), the municipality was able to introduce German as an auxiliary language on April 22, 2009 and additional official German place names on December 1, 2009. In July 2010 the bilingual place-name signs were put up in the municipality, as they have been in many other Polish municipalities since 2005 .
Population development
The population of the core town Groß Döbern according to the respective territorial status (1939 after the merger of Groß and Klein Döbern):
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Attractions
- The old parish church was consecrated on October 16, 1842 and is probably the third church at this point. Parts of the choir and the lower part of the church tower date from the Middle Ages. After the construction of the new parish church, this unused church was to be demolished, but the building was preserved at the urging of the Opole conservator . Today it houses a Caritas social station.
- The new parish church of St. Katharina was built in 1933/34 according to a design by the architect Theodor Ehl from Beuthen OS with strong Romanesque and baroque echoes (cf. Heimatschutzarchitektur ). The church building is a three-aisled basilica 45 m long and 21 m wide. The front tower is 40 m high. The total cost was 95,000 gold marks . The Wroclaw Bishop Adolf Bertram consecrated the new parish church on October 4, 1934.
- The scrap wood church of St. Rochus with its baroque roof turret was probably built in 1658 and was rebuilt and restored several times in the following period. Inside, which is adorned with wall paintings from the 19th century, the original furnishings, consisting of the pulpit and the main altar (around 1700) from the Baroque, Mannerist side altars from the 17th century and the Régence - Rococo organ case, receive. The church stands in the middle of the local cemetery, on the outer wall of which an idiosyncratic memorial for the fallen soldiers of the First World War was inaugurated in 1930, which includes the gable wall of the cemetery chapel and is characterized by the sgraffitos of grieving Upper Silesian women and soldiers marching into nothing by Max Habersetzer.
Economy and Infrastructure
traffic
The voivodship road 454 leads from Namysłów to Groß Döbern, where it is the main road as ul. Namysłowska or ul. Opolska and then along the Oder it reaches Opole to the east. In the village, ul. Wrocławska branches off to the west, which also runs along the Oder as voivodship road 457 to Brzeg .
Companies
Originally, in addition to agriculture, the Oder shipping was the most important branch of the economy in the municipality. After the Second World War, Groß Döbern continued to benefit from its proximity to Opole and many industrial companies were established. Even if the number of employees fell to 1,435 (2005) in recent years, the BOT Elektrownia Opole SA hard coal-fired power station is the municipality's most important employer, followed by the Norgips plasterboard factory .
education
A school complex is located in Groß Döbern, consisting of a middle school (gimnazjum) , vocational school and high school (liceum) . Furthermore, there is a kindergarten and a primary school as well as the community library and the village community center Gminny Ośrodek Kultury .
Personalities
Sons and daughters of the place
- Johann Alois Fietzek (1790–1862), Catholic pastor
- Lorenz Schwietz (1850–1925), Royal Prussian executioner
- Rudi Ogrissek (1926–1999), cartographer, geodesist and historian
- Anton Viktor Wyrobisch (* 1948), theologian and teacher
Personalities who have worked on site
- Hans Bimler (1860–1929), drawing teacher and artist, at times teacher at the elementary school in Groß Döbern
- Jacek Podsiadło (* 1964), poet and publicist, lives in Groß Döbern
local community
The rural community (gmina wiejska) Groß Döbern is divided into four villages with school offices. With the incorporation of five villages into the city of Opole , the municipality lost its largest commercial enterprises on January 1, 2017 and its population fell below 10,000 - previously 9,457 (as of June 30, 2019).
Partnerships
Groß Döbern maintains community partnerships with:
- Heuchelheim an der Lahn , Hesse since 1990
- Wil , Switzerland since 1992
population
The population of Groß Döbern by nationality according to the last Polish census in 2002.
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Movies
- When the Germans were gone (part 2), director: Hans-Dieter Rutsch, Germany, 2005, 45 min.
- Where there are Germans in Poland - Germans and Polish young people in the Opole region , director: Hans-Dieter Rutsch, 2004, 30 min.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ See http://www.dobrzenwielki.pl/cms/php/strona.php3?cms=cms_dobrz&lad=a&id_dzi=2&id_men=4 ( Memento from March 17, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Archived copy ( Memento of March 28, 2006 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ See http://dobrzen.opole.opoka.org.pl/koscioly-roch-poczatki.htm
- ↑ See results of the referendum ( Memento of March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ). on February 9, 2010
- ↑ NTO.pl: Welcome to Gross Döbern
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Sources of population figures :
- 1845: [1] - 1855, 1861: [2] - 1925, 1939: Archived copy ( Memento of September 30, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) - 1910: [3] - 1933, 1955: [4] - 1978: Encyklopedia Powszechna PWN
- ↑ a b c See http://dobrzen.opole.opoka.org.pl/koscioly-katarzyna.htm
- ^ Cf. Dehio-Handbuch der Kunstdenkmäler in Polen: Schlesien.
- ↑ See archived copy ( Memento from July 21, 2006 in the Internet Archive )
- ^ Sejm: Ordinance of January 1, 2017
- ↑ Cf. Polish Main Statistical Office (GUS) (xls) ( Memento from December 17, 2012 in the Internet Archive )