Krapkowice

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Krapkowice
Krapkowice coat of arms
Krapkowice (Poland)
Krapkowice
Krapkowice
Basic data
State : Poland
Voivodeship : Opole
Powiat : Krapkowice
Gmina : Krapkowice
Area : 20.91  km²
Geographic location : 50 ° 28 ′  N , 17 ° 58 ′  E Coordinates: 50 ° 28 ′ 0 ″  N , 17 ° 58 ′ 0 ″  E
Height : 170 m npm
Residents : 16,615 (Dec. 31, 2016)
Postal code : 47-300, 47-303
Telephone code : (+48) 77
License plate : OKR
Economy and Transport
Street : A4
Opole - Racibórz
Next international airport : Wroclaw
Katowice
administration
Website : www.krapkowice.pl



Krapkowice [ krapkɔ'vʲitsɛ ] ( German Krappitz ) is a city in the Opole Voivodeship in Poland. It is the district town of the Powiat Krapkowice and seat of the town-and-country municipality of the same name . The city lies on both banks of the Oder .

geography

The mouth of the Osobłoga in the Oder

Krapkowice lies on an elevated bank on both sides of the Oder at the confluence with the Osobłoga (Eng. Hotzenplotz) on the northern edge of the Upper Silesian loess zone . The city is located about 22 kilometers south of Opole ( Opole ) and 30 kilometers northeast of the Polish- Czech border. The pilgrimage site of St. Annaberg ( Góra Świętej Anny ) is about 25 kilometers east of Krapkowice.

history

Regular city layout on the Oder
The oldest parts of the St. Nicholas Church date from the 14th century
Krappitz in the 18th century according to FB Werner
The Krappitzer Ring around 1900

Human settlements in the vicinity can be proven by archaeological finds in the nearby village of Chorulla as far back as the Stone Age.

In the time of the ancient Roman amber route , a Roman trade route led from Carnuntum on the central Danube to the mouth of the Vistula , where the precious amber was found. Carodunum is also mentioned as a rest stop for merchants on this Roman road, which is said to be at a distance of 2580 stadia or about 65 miles from the central Danube. This distance fits as a transition over the Oder u. a. on Krappitz. However, there are no finds of Roman trade goods or coins that could confirm this theory. So it may be at Carodunum also be a transition or at Ratibor , Cosel or Opole act.

The place name can also be traced back to a person named Chrapek who was the founder or owner of the place. It should be noted, however, that many surnames themselves go back to places and this can also be the case with the name Chrapek . The meaning of chrap (as well as of chrapęć and chrapęcena ) means morass or boggy scrub, which applies to the boggy area between the Oder and Hotzenplotz.

Krappitz that in place of a first time in 1204 as Chrapkowice was mentioned village, was probably under Duke I. Boleslaw founded the since the division of the Duchy of Ratibor-Opole that in 1281 Duchy of Opole belonged. It was first mentioned in a document with a Vogt in a document from 1294, when the citizens of the town of Crapicz demanded more pasture spaces . In 1310, Duke Boleslaus sold the tolls levied on pedestrians in Krappitz to the city of Breslau . After the death of Duke Boleslaus in 1313, his duchy was divided between his three sons. Krappitz now belonged to the Duchy of Strehlitz , which had been built for the youngest son Albert . Like his brothers assumed Albert his country in 1327 as a fief of the crown of Bohemia and thus reached the connection to the German Reich . The transition to Bohemia was confirmed by the Treaty of Trenčín in 1335 . After the death of Duke Albert in 1365/75, his duchy and thus also Krappitz were united with the duchy of Opole. In 1416 the Krappitz hereditary bailiff Peter Temchin founded a hospital.

After the death of the Opole Duke Johann II , with whom the Opole branch of the Silesian Piasts died out, his duchy fell back to the Crown of Bohemia as a settled fiefdom , which the Habsburgs had held since 1526 . Around 1530 Krappitz consisted of 73 houses with brewing rights.

September 21, 1557, Emperor Ferdinand I, in his capacity as King of Bohemia, pledged Krappitz and the village of Goradze to Joachim Buchta von Buchtitz ( Buchta z Buchcic ) to fight the Turkish wars . The deposit was 6,500 thalers over three years. At the end of these three years on September 21, 1560, Buchta extended the pledge for another year by paying 2,500 thalers. By imperial decree of April 23, 1561, which was issued in Vienna, it was ordered that after the four years the pledge amount of 9,000 thalers was to be repaid to Buchta and his heirs and that they had to cede the town of Krappitz and the village of Goradze . Subsequently, the citizens of the city of Krappitz became lien owners of the rule. As can be seen from a certificate from Emperor Rudolf II dated May 17, 1583, the Krappitzers bought the town for 16,000 thalers, which they could not pay. In 1581 Krappitz fell back to the Bohemian Chamber , which Krapitz and the surrounding villages sold to Hans von Redern for the same amount . The deed of sale is dated September 29, 1582. The lords of Redern, who were raised to the rank of count in 1669, vigorously supported the growth of the city and in the 16th century built a wooden bridge over the Oder, which connected Krappitz with Ottmuth. It was burned down by the Prussians during the First Silesian War in 1741 , which should prevent the Austrians from crossing.

After the lost First Silesian War, Archduchess Maria Theresa, in her capacity as Queen of Bohemia, had to cede most of Silesia to Prussia under Frederick II in the Peace of Berlin in 1742 . With the extinction of the von Redern family in 1765, the Krappitz rule fell to the mother of the deceased heir, who in the same year sold the rule to Christian Heinrich Karl von Haugwitz for 118,000 thalers . The handover took place only after the end of the Silesian Wars in July 1769. The Counts of Haugwitz temporarily lived in Krappitz Castle until the end of the Second World War .

After the reorganization of the Prussian province of Silesia , Krappitz was incorporated into the Opole district in 1816 , with which it remained connected until 1945. In the 19th century, the city was ravaged by a famine, cholera in 1866 and three major fires in 1841, 1852, and 1854, which destroyed many residential buildings and the wooden town hall on the center of the ring in 1854. In the following, only brick houses were built.

With the connection to the railway network in 1896 (see also Neustadt-Gogoliner Eisenbahn-Gesellschaft ), made possible by the construction of a railway bridge in 1887 and the simultaneous canalization of the Oder, large-scale industry gradually settled in Krappitz. In 1889 the Smyrna and Perser carpet factory Vally and P. Kottlarz was founded, in 1901 the paper factory (from 1905: Papierfabrik Krappitz AG ) and in 1903 the pulp works of Count Henckel von Donnersmarck as well as a cardboard factory, which emerged from the former chemical factory of Count von Haugwitz . The city has had electric light since 1902, which was initially provided by two hydroelectric power stations, since 1914 water pipes and since 1934 full sewerage.

As a result of the Second World War , Krappitz, which lies east of the Oder-Neisse line , was placed under Polish administration following the resolutions of the Potsdam Agreement of August 2, 1945. Troops of the Red Army had already reached Krappitz on January 10, 1945 . They occupied the city, which was around 25% destroyed. In 1945/46, the majority of the German population was largely expelled.

1956 Krapkowice became the seat of the newly established Powiat Krapkowicki . In 1962, Otmęt (German Ottmuth ), located on the opposite side of the Oder, was incorporated . The 1997 flood also hit Krapkowice. Today the place has a German Friendship Circle of residents of German descent.

Otmęt / Ottmuth

Ottmuth - church and castle in the 18th century
Baťa shoe factory , 1939

Otmęt (German Ottmuth ; Czech Otmút ) is located on the right bank of the Oder across from Krapkowice. Ocnant was first mentioned in 1223 with a parish church. In 1302 the rafters' settlement founded in the early 13th century was referred to as Othmant , which later became Ottmuth. 1316 came into the possession of Ottmuth Strala family (also Strzela or Schilhans , alttschechisch for squint eye ) and in 1511 to Lukas Buchta of Buchtitz ( Buchta z Buchtič ), who died 1532nd He began with the construction of a castle, which was rebuilt by the Lords of Oppersdorff , who had acquired Ottmuth in 1631, after the destruction of the Thirty Years War. After the reorganization of the Prussian province of Silesia , Ottmuth was incorporated into the Groß Strehlitz district in 1816 , with which it remained connected until 1945. Since January 1, 1874 Ottmuth formed the district of the same name.

Ottmuth's industrial boom did not begin until 1929 when a large area of ​​land was sold by the last owner, Count Sponeck, to the Czech shoe manufacturer Tomáš Baťa . The Deutsche Schuh-Aktiengesellschaft Baťa, which he founded in July 1929 (after the displacement of the Baťa family by the Nazi regime from 1938, OTA Schlesische Schuh-Werke Ottmuth AG ) opened its newly built shoe factory in November 1931. It soon enjoyed a supraregional reputation, but only experienced its real heyday in the socialist People's Republic of Poland .

During the Nazi era, Ottmuth was a forced labor camp for Jews from July 16, 1940 to June 1944 . The detainees were used in the shoe factory and with smaller local companies as well as for the construction of the Reichsautobahn (now the modernized Polish A4 ).

After the transition to Poland after World War II in 1945, Ottmuth was renamed Otmęt . It was elevated to a town-like settlement in 1954 and incorporated into Krapkowice in 1962.

coat of arms

The shield is split; right in blue half a golden eagle at the gap, left in blue half a silver wheel at the gap. The city's oldest seal, as well as the oldest existing coat of arms from 1406, dates from 1396.

Town twinning

Before the town twinning with knowledge there was already a partnership between the respective districts as well as the Kopernikus-Gymnasium in Wissen and the Jan Kiliński Lyceum in Krapkowice.

Attractions

The Krappitzer Castle on the Oder
Houses on Krappitzer Ring

Krapkowice

  • The St. Nicholas consecrated church is an originally Romanesque church from the 14th century. Renovation work such as the addition of the rosary chapel in 1400 and a side aisle in the 15th century, the reconstruction after a fire in 1772 and other changes in 1932 and 1945 resulted in the complete loss of the original style features. Inside the church there is a font from the 16th century, paintings from the 18th century and the tombstones of the von Rhedern family.
  • The castle , built in 1678 on the site of an older building from the 16th century, is a rectangular, two-story baroque building with a mansard roof and a surrounding cloister in the inner courtyard. The estate belonging to the castle was originally owned by the von Redern family and was owned by the von Haugwitz family in 1769 , under whose rule the first complete renovation took place in 1888. Today the Krapkowice Vocational School is located in the building.
  • The Obertorhaus , built around the turn of the 14th to 15th century and rebuilt in 1508, is a square quarry stone building with an attic and loopholes . It is the last remnant of the former city wall, which existed from the 14th century to 1829 and surrounded the city with a total of four entrance gates.
  • The market square (Polish Rynek) with town houses from the 18th and 19th centuries

Krapkowice-Otmęt / Ottmuth

Church of the Assumption in Otmęt
  • The castle ruins in Ottmuth originate from the castle built in the 16th century, in the place of which an older castle stood. The castle, which was rebuilt in 1608, had been uninhabited since the second half of the 19th century and was left to decay.
  • The 13th century church of the Assumption of the Virgin was owned by the Himmelwitz Monastery from 1302 and was surrounded by a defensive wall around 1600. In 1723 the nearby castle tower was purchased and in 1902 the entire church was enlarged, which burned down in 1945. After the Second World War, it was rebuilt, whereby the tower and some architectural construction parts could be taken from the original building as support posts and thus saved.

Economy and Infrastructure

Krapkowice was an Upper Silesian center of the leather, paper and cement industries. Today only the paper and leather industry is left of it.

traffic

Motorway toll station on Autobahn 4

The Autobahn 4 runs near Krapkowice (border crossing Ludwigsdorf , Germany - Wroclaw - Katowice - Krakow - border crossing Korczowa / Krakiwez , Ukraine). Furthermore, the state road 45 ( Opole - Koźle ) and the voivodship road 416 (Krappitz - Głogówek - Racibórz ) and connecting roads to Prudnik and across the Oder to Gogolin and Strzelce Opolskie run through the place .

Rail and bus transport

Several public bus routes run from Krapkowice to the surrounding villages and towns, as well as to nearby cities such as Opole. Tour buses from various private companies run daily between Krapkowice and Germany and the Netherlands.

From December 3, 1896, Krappitz was connected to the railway network of the Neustadt-Gogoliner Eisenbahn-Gesellschaft , which ran from Neustadt to Gogolin . The Krappitzer Bahnhof was near the three paper mills. There was a train station in Ottmuth near the shoe factory. The railway network has been shut down in recent years. The next active regional train station is in Gogolin, the next long-distance train station in Opole.

Air traffic

Opole Airport, about twelve kilometers away, is located in the village of Kamień Śląski (German Groß Stein ) in the municipality of Gogolin . The closest international airports are Katowice Airport and Wroclaw Airport .

Shipping

The Oder was used for inland navigation early on , but has seen a significant decline in annual transport figures. After the Second World War , around 23 million tons of goods could be transported annually. By 2006, the total volume of Polish inland shipping had dropped to around 6.6 million tons; by 2012 this had fallen further to below 3 million tons. The Odra 2006 project was intended to increase the annual transport volume on the Oder to 20 million tons, but the project was discontinued with a government decision on November 28, 2014.

Established businesses

The shoe factory in Ottmuth

In addition to medium-sized companies from various industries, the following large-scale industrial companies are located in Krapkowice:

  • Metsä Tissue paper mill
  • Otmęt Zbyt shoe factory
  • Paul Schockemöhle Logistics

However, these are comparatively small parts that have emerged from the former ZP Krapkowice paper mill and the former Otmęt shoe factory .

media

The weekly newspapers Tygodnik Krapkowicki and Kurier Krapkowicki appear in Polish in Krapkowice . In addition, the German-language Krappitzer Heimatblatt has been published in Cologne four times a year since 1950 . In earlier times the Krappitzer Stadtblatt (founded in 1864) and the Krappitzer Zeitung (founded in 1924) were published in Krappitz .

Personalities

sons and daughters of the town

Personalities who have worked on site

  • Bolko I (Opole) (1254 / 1258–1313), Duke of Opole, founder of Krappitz
  • Johann Christian Friedrich Meister (1758–1828), lawyer and university professor, at times legal advisor at Krappitz Palace
  • Johann Alois Fietzek (1790–1862), Catholic pastor, at times assistant teacher in Krappitz
  • Heinrich von Haugwitz (1844–1927), manor owner and member of parliament, majorate at Krappitz Castle
  • Joseph Faltin (1852–1933), lawyer and member of the German Reichstag, student in Krappitz
  • Karl von Dörnberg (1863–1929), administrative lawyer and member of the state parliament, as a trainee lawyer in Krappitz
  • Ernst Berger (1881–1964), lawyer and politician, at times lawyer in Krappitz

local community

The urban and rural community of Krapkowice has around 23,000 inhabitants on an area of ​​97.44 km².

literature

Web links

Commons : Krapkowice  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ http://www.czech-heritage.com/rejstrik/944/buchta_z_buchtic.html  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.czech-heritage.com  
  2. ^ Opole district
  3. ↑ {cite web | url = http://archiwum.vdg.pl/de/organization/82 | title = DFK Krappitz | accessdate = 2019-02-23}
  4. ↑ http://www.territorial.de/obschles/grstrehl/gem1945.htm
  5. ↑ District of Ottmuth
  6. ↑ Handbook of German Stock Companies , 37th edition 1932, p. 4201 f.
  7. ↑ Handbook of German Stock Companies , 48th edition 1943, p. 5306 f.
  8. ^ Situation of supply and demand in 2007 and analysis of the economy at the end of 2008 . In: Central Commission for Rhine Shipping (Ed.): European inland navigation. Market observation . tape 1 , no. 7 , 2008 ( ccr-zkr.org [PDF; 18.9 MB ; accessed on January 30, 2016]).
  9. ↑ The inland shipping market in 2013 and outlook for 2014/2015 . In: Central Commission for Rhine Shipping (Ed.): European inland navigation. Market observation . No. 18 , 2014 ( ccr-zkr.org [PDF; 3.5 MB ; accessed on January 30, 2016]).
  10. ↑ Ustawa o uchyleniu programu wieloletniego "Program dla Odry - 2006". (No longer available online.) In: programodra.pl. Regionalny Zarząd Gospodarki Wodnej we Wrocławiu, January 26, 2015, archived from the original on January 30, 2016 ; Retrieved January 30, 2016 (Polish). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.programodra.pl