Peter Joseph Roeckerath

Peter Joseph Roeckerath

Agnes Roeckerath, b. Schmitz, in 1873.

Peter Joseph Roeckerath , also Peter Joseph Röckerath (born December 14, 1837 in Cologne ; † October 9, 1905 there ) was a German Catholic religion teacher, building contractor and member of the Reichstag .

Life

Doctoral certificate Dr. Roeckerath from 1860.

He was a son of the Cologne master carpenter Franz Josef Roeckerath (1805–1874) and his wife Catharina, b. Wach (1804-1886). At the request of his parents, Roeckerath studied theology at the University of Bonn and philology in Münster . He initially strove to be ordained a priest, but then decided to become a high school teacher. In 1859 he got his first job as a high school teacher in Münstereifel. After studying in his spare time, he obtained his doctorate in Münster in 1860 “magna cum laude” with the treatise “Foedera Romanorum et Carthaginiensium controversa critica ratione illustrantur.” Until 1871 he was a teacher in Neuss . He initially worked as a religion teacher at a high school and taught Latin, Greek, German, history and Hebrew. Among other things, he published a biblical chronology up to the birth of Jesus.

Agnes and Peter Joseph Roeckerath at the wedding

In 1863 he married Anna Margaretha Harnischmacher. As the name suggests, she came from an old family of blacksmiths and locksmiths from Olpe in Westphalia. The marriage remained childless and his wife died three years after the wedding. On October 30, 1867, he married the orphaned Agnes Margaretha Schmitz in Cologne for the second time. His wife's parents had both died of cholera in 1849; she had grown up with her aunt, a cape farmer in Cologne . He had twelve children with Agnes. Roeckerath had already started building houses together with his younger brothers Michael and Anton while he was a high school teacher, as his low teacher salary was not enough to feed the large family. When the housing shortage in Cologne increased, they built apartments that were affordable for the middle class at the time. In 1867 Roeckerath was a co-founder of the New Citizens' Association, the Construction Association in the New Citizens' Association and the Credit Association in the New Citizens' Association as cooperatives , with the aim of providing members with inexpensive houses, apartments and loans. His fellow campaigners included the brothers Johann Anton Friedrich Baudri and Friedrich Baudri , August Reichensperger , Ernst Weyden and August Essenwein . Together with executives from the cooperatives, Roeckerath also co-founded the Cologne branch of the German Center Party as the most important representation of political Catholicism in Germany. After separating from his brothers, he continued to run the construction company and finally resigned his teaching post in Neuss.

Later he made a fortune with partly controversial real estate transactions and as a building contractor, brick factory owner and manufacturer of building materials. On the Hohenzollernring he had a representative city palace built, which became known as Villa Roeckerath. His foresight was particularly controversial among his political opponents. A good deal of envy will also have been involved, since his strict Catholicism, his social commitment and his simultaneous immense economic success were elusive at the time. City expansion began in Cologne in 1881, in the course of which the old city wall was torn down and large areas were created for the construction of a new town. Roeckerath brought the plan of the liberal majority to the failure of transferring the city expansion to a private company. He wanted the profits from the urban expansion to go to the citizens and not to a few private individuals. The development plan drawn up by the city council took no account of the location, size and layout of the land. As a result, there were very few contiguous areas that could be developed. Roeckerath knew how to win arable land by buying, exchanging and reallocating small and very small plots. His opponents repeatedly reproached him for this, while his supporters emphasized his unselfishness for the good of the city and its citizens.

In 1872 the culture war between state and church began in Cologne as well. Roeckerath “worked tirelessly with a number of his friends to organize the unanimous resistance of the Catholic people and to defend the freedom of his church. [...] In fulfilling his church duties, he was always punctual and loyal, as well as invariably honest and reliable in business matters. ”When Archbishop of Cologne Paul Melchers refused to obey the so-called“ May Laws ”in the Kulturkampf, Roeckerath fought vehemently for them Release of the clergyman who was imprisoned in the "Klingelpütz" prison in Cologne in 1874.

Roeckerath was a city councilor in Cologne from 1875 to 1879 and from 1881 to 1893 and from 1872 to 1882 a member of the Prussian House of Representatives and a member of the Reichstag in the sixth electoral term from October 1884 to March 1887 as a member of the center .

The Stadt-Anzeiger of the liberal Kölnische Zeitung took a position against the Center Party and against Roeckerath personally on November 8, 1881 on the occasion of a city council election.

In his political engagement Roeckerath had to fend off constant attempts to disavow his opponents. In 1874, for example, he was charged because he had mentioned in a speech that the then Archbishop of Cologne, Paulus Melchers, had come into contact with criminals during his imprisonment in the Klingelpütz prison in Cologne. He had therefore been reported and the public prosecutor had demanded three months' imprisonment because Roeckerath had alleged “misrepresented facts” and thereby made state institutions contemptible. The court sentenced him to a fine of 100 marks in the first instance, but acquitted him on appeal after Roeckerath had proven that the archbishop's “sexton” had been convicted of perjury and the “acolyte” had been convicted of murder.

He was utterly adamant when faced with resistance to legitimate grievances that made him enemies. For example, as a building contractor as well as in his Catholic and political commitment, he had repeatedly made the experience of how much the craftsmen and traders suffered from the high interest rates of the banks. In 1875 he consistently founded the Rheinische Volksbank, which was a thorn in the side of the private banks because of its low interest rates. In 1880 he co-founded the Cölner Hypothekenbank and the Rheinische Boden-Kredit and was heavily involved in founding other Volksbanks.

With his suggestion to found a fire insurance cooperative Rhineland, he pursued the goal of inexpensive fire insurance and created new opponents in the financial world. In a study carried out at his own expense, he proved that the fire insurance companies financed disproportionately high dividends with disproportionately high burdens on the insured. Nevertheless, his application was rejected by the liberal majority in the city council. Roeckerath then changed his plan from a cooperative model to an independent stock corporation, whose statutes he again had drawn up at his own expense. He overcame the resistance to the licensing by procuring the share capital, which the ministry had set too high as a deterrent at three million Reichsmarks, in spite of all of them. After several years of struggle, the license was finally granted in 1880 to the new Rhineland fire insurance company, of which Peter Joseph Roeckerath became chairman and remained until his death.

The Krieler Hof and the brickworks

Map section of Kriel from 1891 with brickworks

Kriel was previously a hamlet in what is now the Cologne suburb of Lindenthal, an area that was then exclusively agricultural. The farms and estates were in spiritual possession. The Krieler Hof owned by the St. Gereonsstift formed the core of the glory of Kriel with its own church " Krieler Dom " and its own court.

Mentioned for the first time in 1155, the Krieler Hof on the Gleueler Bach ran several mills and increased its property over the centuries. Associated farms were repeatedly sold and new ones bought. Expropriated during the secularization of 1802, the Krieler Hof belonged to the Thelen family in 1869 with 149 acres of land. The farmer Thelen later sold the Thelens Hof (Krieler Hof) to PJ Roeckerath. Roeckerath stopped farming and leased the farm to the police sergeant Stommel, who called him Stommel's farm.

With the purchase of the Krieler Hof, Roeckerath had acquired almost 150 acres of land with rich clay deposits, where ceramics and bricks had been baked since prehistoric times. He expanded the brickworks for the benefit of his construction companies. In 1879 Roeckerath bought the property in the municipality of Kriel bordering Zülpicher Strasse and Freiligrathstrasse, on which the parish church of St. Stephanus, called "Krieler Dömchen", still stands today. In 1880 he built a two-story house in the neo-renaissance style north of the church, which was quickly given the name "Villa Roeckerath". He had an ornate park laid out around the villa. The villa and park existed until 1930 when they had to give way to a row house settlement.

He had built workers' houses between Zülpicher Straße and Neuenhöfer Allee, where the mostly Italian workers in his brickworks lived. There the Kriel police officers, Fahnenschreiber and Pütz, achieved fame when they outsmarted the notorious “Frechen robbers”, who repeatedly attacked and robbed traders with gun violence on their way home from Lindenthaler Markt. The two police officers had spent days in wait to scout the bandits' camp under a bridge, where they arrested the robbers one night.

The speculative lie

Roeckerath was constantly attacked by his political opponents in the Cologne City Council because of his ultra-montanism , his arch-conservative values ​​and his uncompromising denunciation of grievances. They did not shy away from the bad gossip and also put lies about his allegedly dishonestly acquired wealth into the world. In an article in the Rheinische Zeitung from January 25, 1902 it says u. a .: “[...] He is one of the lucky ones who have easily gained wealth through the expansion of the city of Cologne; Like hardly anyone else, he has managed to channel a large part of the flow of money, which, as it were, oozed out of the ground with the expansion of the city, into his own wide pockets. "

The historical facts refute such malicious abuse of this socialist newspaper, whose predecessor was officially banned at the time because of the communist activities of the editor-in-chief Karl Marx . The historical background is formed by the rapid growth of the city of Cologne, which began with industrialization . As early as 1860 there was almost no free space within the city walls, which is why the city council entered into negotiations with the war ministry about the repurchase of the city ​​wall , the upstream fortifications and the rayon (field of fire of the cannons). After Chancellor Prince Otto von Bismarck had approved this, as the new weapon systems made such fortifications superfluous, the repurchase came about in 1880.

The city of Cologne acquired the area of ​​the fortification ring of 122.5 hectares for 11.74 million marks. A total of 523 hectares were available for urban expansion. In 1881, as part of the fourth expansion of the city, under the direction of the city building council and alderman Josef Stübben , the demolition of the city wall and the ramparts in front of it began. The beginning was formed by the middle third of the fortress pale from the Weyertor (Luxemburger Tor) to the Gereonstor, where the Cologne Rings were first built.

Roeckerath and other council members pushed through in the city council that the sales should not be handled by a private company, but by a municipal institution. Under the direction of Mayor Becker, the “City Expansion Deputation” was founded, the members of which were responsible for drawing up a development plan and its implementation. According to Josef Stübben's “King Rhine” general plan , the core piece was started, the construction of the Cologne Rings, a ring road that followed the course of the former city wall from north to south.

The business reports of the city expansion deputation clearly show that Roeckerath, contrary to the assertions repeated to this day, by no means belonged to the speculators. In the first annual report from 1882, Annex No. 16: Evidence of the sale of building sites from the urban fortress terrain, the name Roeckerath does not appear in the list of 66 property buyers, but the names of numerous wealthy Social Democrats do. The biggest speculator was the Magdeburger Bau- und Creditbank with the purchase of 11 parcels totaling 18,352 square meters.

In the second annual report from 1884, Roeckerath is noted, along with numerous Social Democrats, as the buyer of the Hohenzollernring corner of Limburger Strasse, where he later had his city palace built. The biggest speculator was again the Magdeburg construction and credit bank. The city of Cologne, on the other hand, recorded the largest flow of money, generating more than 65 million gold marks from property sales.

Promoters of social housing

Roeckerath and his brothers pursued completely different interests. As a building contractor, they wanted to create inexpensive living space for ordinary citizens and craftsmen, the basic idea of social housing . To this end, from around 1865, long before the Neustadt boom, they built numerous two to three-storey terraced houses in the style of the so-called " three-window house ", which they sold for prices between 4,000 and 5,000 marks, depending on the furnishings. This was only about half the normal market price for a house, which the brothers could only realize thanks to their own brickworks and terrazzo production.

Their residential construction was concentrated in the so-called " Belgian Quarter " in the area of ​​Brussels Square, Brussels and Bismarck Street and Moltkestrasse, where they built around 80 town houses. The special feature: the houses were sold as "money boxes", i. H. the buyers could repay the purchase price in arbitrary, not previously fixed savings installments. Roeckerath's goal was to educate home buyers to be frugal. Between Moltkestrasse and the railway embankment, the brothers built large rental houses for workers, also in Kriel, which were preferably rented to the Italian workers in their own brickworks.

How much the opponents and envious people persecuted Peter Josef Roeckerath, shows u. a. also the name of his villa at Hohenzollernring 37, corner of Limburger Strasse, as "Villa Canossa". There, the buyers of his houses regularly gathered to repay their debts in the office, which the evil tongues described as “going to Canossa”.

Founder of the parish church of St. Agnes in Cologne

In his role as a politician, building contractor and devout Catholic, Roeckerath initiated the construction of churches in the new districts of Cologne. In 1887, together with the judiciary Eduard Schenk, he donated the building plot for the planned Herz-Jesu-Kirche to the Archdiocese of Cologne and participated in the construction of the church and the rectorate of St. Michael. Roeckerath influenced the design of the churches when they were built. Roeckerath's wife Agnes, b. Schmitz, had inherited an extensive property from her aunt in the form of "Kappesfeldern" (dialect word for white cabbage) in front of and within the walls of the city of Cologne as well as a not inconsiderable fortune. Roeckerath had made a fortune with this inheritance and wanted to thank God with part of this fortune through the foundation of a church. In 1890 he suffered a severe blow with the sudden death of his wife, which prompted him to implement his plan. In the vestibule of the Agneskirche was carved in marble in Latin script, which in German translation reads: “In the pious memory of Frau Agnes Roeckerath, an excellent wife and mother, the surviving man and her ten children and children-in-law have this parish church in honor of the St. Agnes, the virgin and martyr, had it built. ”Roeckerath influenced the design of the churches when they were built.

He commissioned the master builder Carl Rüdell with the designs for a church to be built on Cologne's Vorgebirgsstraße. The Archbishopric of Cologne decided, however, that the building of a church was more urgent elsewhere, but apparently kept silent about the fact that other Cologne businessmen were already committed to the foundation of the later St. Paul Church on the Vorgebirgsstrasse . According to the archbishopric, the building of a church on Neusser Strasse in northern Neustadt was urgent. After lengthy negotiations and giving up other locations, Roeckerath agreed and dedicated the church to his wife's namesake, St. Agnes of Rome .

Roeckerath's grave in front of the Petrus altar of the Agneskirche

In 1896 the construction of the church began in the open field far from the city. This was preceded by property transfers to merge a large building plot, which Roeckerath was again laid out to the detriment of his political opponents. Carl Rüdell and Richard Odenthal designed the church according to Roeckerath's specifications in the neo-Gothic style. He had had them design a church the like of which has never been seen in Cologne: a high, three-aisled hall church with a tower without a helmet. It was important to him that the letting of pews to wealthy citizens, which was common at the time, was forbidden in this church from the outset and that there should be a closed crypt where foreign-language believers could hold their services primarily in Polish or Italian; a growing number of workers from these countries lived and worked in Cologne. In 1901 the church was completed and a dispute arose with the archbishopric about the consecration because Roeckerath had decided not to build a sacristy. Therefore, on January 21, 1902, the Church was only consecrated and the consecration was postponed. This took place in 1913 after the sacristy was completed. After Roeckerath's death in 1905, the pastor at the time carried out his burial in a side chapel of the Agneskirche with a special permit. The Agnesviertel , now a popular residential area , was built around the church .

Roeckerath was instrumental in founding Rheinland-Versicherung , of which he was a member of the supervisory board until his death, and founded numerous banks, including a. the Rheinische Volksbank .

His son-in-law Karl Bachem wrote a biography about Roeckerath after his death.

Founder of the St. Adelheidis-Stift in Vilich

In his will, PJ Roeckerath bequeathed the St. Adelheidis monastery in Vilich to the Order of the Cellites of St. Mary . The establishment of the St. Adelheidis Stift goes back to the nobleman Meningoz von Geldern (920–997) and his wife Gerberga von Jülich (930–996). The eldest son and heir had participated as a knight in the Bohemian campaign of Emperor Otto II "the Red" and had died in 977 in battle. In his memory, his parents founded a women's foundation on their land in Vilich, today's district of Bonn. In addition to a cemetery chapel built in the 8th or 9th century, they had a monastery building built around 978. Her daughter Adelheid , who had already been a nun in Cologne's Sankt-Ursula-Stift , became abbess .

In 987 the family monastery was raised to one of only four imperial monasteries and thus received the immunity of the church. This gave the abbess secular power over territorial rights in Solingen, Bödingen and Düsseldorf. After her mother's death, Adelheid converted the monastery into a Benedictine monastery. Adelheid died in 1015 and was later canonized as St. Adelheid von Vilich. Her successor Mathilde von Lorraine (979-1025) had the collegiate church of St. Peter built on the site of the monastery building around 1020, which she financed in part from private funds. Adelheid's bones were buried here as an Adelheidis relic.

In 1065 the monastery was subordinated to the Archbishop of Cologne, Anno II. In the 13th century it was converted into a monastery for noble ladies as Adelheidis vicarie. In the wars of 1583–1588 and 1618–1648 arson took place and the Adelheidis relic was lost. During the secularization the monastery was abolished in 1804, the collegiate church of St. Peter became a parish church, and the monastery buildings were leased to private individuals. In 1865 Franciscan nuns took over the complex and set up a hospital with its own pastoral care here.

In 1876 Roeckerath bought the monastery building, the courtyard and the monastery property from the Franciscan nuns, after the Prussian government had abolished the branches of all orders in Prussia with the so-called “ monastery law ”. He lived there in his spare time and on weekends with his family until he fell ill in 1905 and died on October 9, 1905 in Cologne.

In his will, Roeckerath ordered the donation of the Vilich property to the Celite Monastery of Saint Mary in Kupfergasse in Cologne with the stipulation that the house would be used to "accommodate and feed poor children in need of relaxation". The Celitinnen took over the property in 1908 as St. Adelheidis-Stift and still operate it today. Legend has it that St. Adelheid sought heavenly assistance during a severe drought. When she touched the ground with her shepherd's staff, a spring gushed out and the drought was over. A pilgrimage site was later built around this source, the "P (f) ützchen". To this day, the annual "Pützchens Markt" fair that takes place in September is a reminder of this miracle.

A part of the area in front of St. Agnes Church in Roeckerathplatz was named in his honor in 2016 .

family

Franz Joseph Roeckerath family. Peter Joseph in the center back.

The family of Peter Joseph Roeckerath, also referred to in documents as "Röckerath", "Röckrath", "Roekrath", "Rockerath", "Ruckrath", "Reukrath", "Reuckrath", "Rueckrath" or "Rueckerath", comes from " von der Gillbach “, a fertile floodplain area along the Gillbach , a tributary of the Erft.

The currently oldest known ancestor is documented in the church book of Oekoven in 1726 as Melchior Reuckrath (1695-1759), godfather of his niece Katharina, daughter of his brother Henricus Ruckerath (1692-1746) and Catharina Overbach (1686-1759). With his wife Adelheid Schlösser (1712–1775) they were Peter Joseph Roeckerath's great-grandparents.

His grandparents were the master carpenter Petrus Roeckerath (1750-1830) and Anna Elisabeth Wirtz (1770-1839), who lived in Kerpen .

His parents were the master carpenter Franz Josef Roeckerath (1805–1874) and Catharina Wach (1804–1886). You ran a large carpentry business in Cologne.

Peter Joseph Roeckerath's first marriage was Anna Maria Harnischmacher, who died in 1866 at the age of only 32. The marriage remained childless.

In his second marriage he married Agnes Margaretha Schmitz (1846–1890), daughter of the stone carver Jakob Schmitz and his wife Margarethe, born in Cologne in 1867. Felten. From the marriage these children emerged:

1. Franz Peter Josef (born November 25, 1868 in Neuss ; † March 21, 1927 ).
2. Mary Catherine (Kate) (* 5. January 1870 in Cologne, † 27. December 1906 in Cologne), married in 1891 the lawyer Dr. Josef Emil Karl Bachem (born September 22, 1858 in Cologne, † December 11, 1945 in Burgsteinfurt ).
3. Elisabeth, (* July 24, 1871 in Cologne; † November 16, 1913 in Cologne), married the district court counselor Dr.jur Max Oster in Cologne in 1894 (* around 1870 in Pfaffing ; † July 30, 1921 in Pfaffing)
4. Margaretha Michaela (born June 25, 1873 in Cologne) joined the Carmelites as sister Carmela.
5. Agnes Margaretha, (born November 23, 1874 in Cologne, † May 29, 1875 in Cologne)
6. Julius, (born March 4, 1876 in Cologne, † 1923 in Davos ), he remained unmarried.
7. Anton, (born March 4, 1876 in Cologne, † April 14, 1934 in Cologne), he remained unmarried.
8. Helene Maria, (born June 1, 1877 in Vilich bei Beuel; † November 17, 1940 in Cologne), married the lawyer Dr. Ernst Johann Friedrich Best (born March 5, 1866 in Neusen near Aachen; † September 9, 1927 in Cologne)
9. Ursula (Lina), (born November 29, 1878 in Cologne; † November 27, 1956 in Cologne), married the doctor Dr. Theodor Weischer (born November 13, 1870 in Cologne, † November 8, 1945 in Cologne)
10. Eduard, (born May 25, 1881 in Cologne, † 1925 in Como ), married Lydia Hausmann
11. Theodor, (* around 1883 in Cologne) married Elisabeth von Waldhart-Bildheimb in Graz in 1913

After the sudden death of his second wife in 1890, he married Johanna Schenk, daughter of the Reichstag member Eduard Schenk (1821–1900), in third marriage.

Publications

• Foedera Romanorum et Carthaginiensium controversa critica ratione illustrantur. Dissertatio historica. Münster 1860 ( digitized ).
• Biblical chronology up to the year of the birth of Christ. Edited from biblical and extra-biblical sources by Peter Joseph Röckerath . Aschendorff, Münster 1865 ( digitized version ).
• Ebal et Garizim, montes quos dicunt maledictionis et benedictionis ubi siti sint quaeritur. Annual report on the Gymnasium zu Neuss 1867/68, pp. 3–25 ( digitized version ).
• The Prussian elementary school under Dr. Falk, with special consideration for Cologne conditions. Bachem, Cologne 1877.
• Report of the Police Commission of the Cologne City Councilors College on the application of City Councilor Liebmann regarding the establishment of a city fire insurance company. Bachem, Cologne 1877 ( digitized version ).

literature

• Dr. Pet. Jos. Roeckerath. Described to his relatives and friends by CB Bachem, Cologne 1906.
• Hans-Ulrich Wiese (ed.): Peter Joseph Roeckerath and St. Agnes: a biography of Carl Bachem (1906) and an article about Carl Rüdell . Marzellen-Verlag Cologne 2005, ISBN 978-3-937795-05-8 .

Web links

Commons : Peter Joseph Roeckerath  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

• Röckerath in the database of the members of the Reichstag
• Peter Roeckerath's biography . In: Heinrich Best : database of the members of the Reichstag of the Empire 1867/71 to 1918 (Biorab - Kaiserreich)

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Hans-Ulrich Wiese: Peter Joseph Roeckerath and St. Agnes , p. 13.
2. ↑ Hans-Ulrich Wiese: Peter Joseph Roeckerath and St. Agnes , p.
3. ↑ Review in: Der Katholik. Journal of Catholic Science and Church Life . Vol. 45, 1865, p. 596.
4. ^ Hugo Poth: The parish church of St. Agnes in Cologne 1902–1952. Cologne 1952, p.?.
5. ^ Hugo Poth: The parish church of St. Agnes in Cologne 1902–1952. Cologne 1952, p. 38.
6. ↑ Death note of Peter Joseph Roeckerath for his funeral in 1905.
7. ↑ Hans-Ulrich Wiese: Peter Joseph Roeckerath and St. Agnes , p. 40ff.
8. ↑ Bernhard Mann (arrangement) with the collaboration of Martin Doerry , Cornelia Rauh , Thomas Kühne: Biographisches Handbuch für das Prussische Abrafenhaus 1867–1918 (= handbooks on the history of parliamentarism and political parties. Volume 3). Droste, Düsseldorf 1988, ISBN 3-7700-5146-7 , p. 324; for the election results see Thomas Kühne: Handbook of elections to the Prussian House of Representatives 1867–1918. Election results, election alliances and election candidates (= handbooks on the history of parliamentarism and political parties. Volume 6). Droste, Düsseldorf 1994, ISBN 3-7700-5182-3 , pp. 792–795 (Wahlkreis Aachen 3) and pp. 703–705 (= Wahlkreis Köln 1).
9. ↑ Hans Clemens: The old parish and glory Kriel . Cologne 1964, p.?.
10. ↑ Werner Reuter: From Crele to Kriel. 50 years of St. Albertus Magnus - 1000 years of pastoral care at Kriel Cathedral. Greven & Bechtold, Cologne 1988, p.?.
11. ↑ Annual report of the city expansion deputation . Cologne 1882 ( digitized version ).
12. ↑ Annual report of the city expansion deputation. Cologne 1884 ( digitized version ).
13. ↑ Beate Eickhoff: St. Agnes in Cologne - A quarter and its church. Cologne 2001, p.?.
14. ↑ Chronicle of the parish Herz Jesu ( Memento of the original from April 9, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
15. ↑ Sybille Fraquelli: In the shadow of the cathedral. Neo-Gothic architecture in Cologne (1815–1914) . Böhlau, Cologne 2008, ISBN 978-3-412-20162-3 , p. 239.
16. ^ Hugo Poth: The parish church of St. Agnes in Cologne 1902–1952. Cologne 1952, pp. 7 and 50.
17. ↑ anniversary parish calendar for St. Agnes parish Cologne 1927 issued by the parish of St. Agnes . Cologne 1927, p.?.
18. ↑ Information about the Agnesviertel .
19. ^ Carl Bachem: Peter Joseph Roeckerath and St. Agnes: a biography of Carl Bachem (1906) and a contribution on Carl Rüdell , ed. by Hans-Ulrich Wiese. Marzellen-Verlag, Cologne 2005.
20. ↑ Dietrich Höroldt: 1000 Years of Vilich Abbey 978–1978 . Röhrscheid Verlag, Bonn 1978, ISBN 978-3792804124 , p.
21. ↑ Life and work of St. Adelheid von Vilich and significance of the Vilich Abbey. Retrieved June 16, 2017 . 
22. ^ Rüdiger Schünemann-Steffen: Cologne Street Name Lexicon, City District 1 , Jörg-Rüshü-Selbstverlag, Cologne 2017, p. 149.